QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT AND SITE FACTORS IN PINUS RADIATA PLANTATIONS

Incidence of Armillaria infection was quantified based on site factors in New Zealand Pinus radiata plantations.A linear multiple regression model was derived to predict infection levels of Armillaria root rot.Factors positivily associated with the infection were:previous vegetation（native bush,pine）;soil type（pumice）;landform （valley,gully,flat）and the interaction between them.This model could assist in management planning with regard to the predisposition of particular stand to Armillaria infection.Keywods:Armillaria root rot,Disease incidence,Site factors,Quantification,Pinus radiata.

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE EVOLUTION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN FACTORS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SETTLEMENT——Take the Lanzhou Valley Basin as An Examples

Lanzhou Valley Basin is composed of two smaller diamond-shaped basins striking from NW to SE and including 6 river terraces. The lower terraces remaining even and smooth are main sites for city buildings. The main function of Lanzhou urban settlement is a ferry and transport centre. Lanzhou used to be an im-portant crossing site and post on the 'silk road',and then became a transport and trade centre in Northwest China. In the middle part of the 17th century, Lanzhou became the capital of Gansu,a new province. The development process of Lanzhou urban settlement indicates that urban settlement is a system consisting of natural environment and human society based on the former.

Spatial Heterogeneity and Risk Factors of Dental Caries in 12-Year-Old Children in Shanxi Province,China

Objective This study aimed to explore the spatial heterogeneity and risk factors for dental caries in 12-year-old children in Shanxi province,China.Methods The data encompassed 3,721 participants from the two most recent oral health surveys conducted across 16 districts in Shanxi Province in 2015 and 2018.Eighteen specific variables were analyzed to examine the interplay between socioeconomic factors,medical resources and environmental conditions.The Geo-detector model was employed to assess the impacts and interactions of these ecological factors.Results Socioeconomic factors(Q=0.30,P<0.05)exhibited a more substantial impact compared to environmental(Q=0.19,P<0.05)and medical resource factors(Q=0.25,P<0.05).Notably,the urban population percentage(UPP)demonstrated the most significant explanatory power for the spatial heterogeneity in caries prevalence,as denoted by its highest q-value(q=0.51,P<0.05).Additionally,the spatial distribution’s heterogeneity of caries was significantly affected by SO2 concentration(q=0.39,P<0.05)and water fluoride levels(q=0.27,P<0.05)among environmental factors.Conclusion The prevalence of caries exhibited spatial heterogeneity,escalating from North to South in Shanxi Province,China,influenced by socioeconomic factors,medical resources,and environmental conditions to varying extents.

Analysis of factors influencing the Henry Hub natural gas price based on factor analysis

Henry Hub as an important transaction hub for natural gas sets the gas price standard in the USA. In this paper, the factors influencing Henry Hub natural gas prices are analyzed, and the major factors determining the price levels in the period between January 1997 and December 2016 are studied. It is found that economic conditions, total energy demand, US dollar exchange rate and gas consumption are the major factors. The mechanism of each factor influencing the Henry Hub natural gas price is also explored in the paper.

Spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and bioactive components of Radix Hedysari on increasing the peak bone mass of rat

The traditional Chinese medicine of Radix Hedysari plays an important role in invigorating gas for ascending, benefiting blood for promoting production of fluid, and promoting circulation for removing obstruction in collaterals, which is consistent with the principle of treatment for osteoporosis. This study is designed to investigate the bioactive components on increasing peak bone mass (PBM) by exploring the spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and effect. Multiple indicators are selected to evaluate the pharmacological activity. In fingerprints, 21 common peaks are obtained, five of which are identified. Furthermore, gray relational analysis (GRA) is a quantitative method of gray system theory and is used to describe the correlation degree of common peaks and pharmacological activities with relational value. 21 components are then divided into three different regions, of which ononin and calycosin play an extremely significant role in increasing PBM. In addition, factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) are used to screen the optimal producing area for Radix Hedysari. This provides a comprehensive and efficient method to improve the quality evaluation of Radix Hedysari, confirming the bioactive components for PBM-enhancement and further develop its medicinal value.

Vegetation-environment Relationships Between Northern Slope of Karlik Mountain and Naomaohu Basin,East Tianshan Mountains

Based on data from 22 sample plots and applying the Canonical Correspondence Analysis （CCA）, this paper discusses the vegetation-environment relationships between the northern slope of Karlik Mountain and Naomaohu Ba- sin, which is situated in the easternmost end of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. For the zonal vegetation, community diversity of mountain vegetation is higher than that of the desert vegetation due to environmental factors. The CCA ordination diagram revealed that the composition and distribution of vegetation types are mainly determined by altitude, soil pH and soil salt content. With increasing elevation, the soil pH and total salt content decrease but the contents of soil organic matter, soil water, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increase gradu- ally. In the CCA ordination diagrams, the sample plots and main species can be divided into five types according to their adaptations to the environmental factors. Type Ⅰ is composed of desert vegetation distributed on the low moun- tains, hills, plains and deserts below an elevation of 1900 m; type Ⅱ is distributed in the mountain and desert ecotone with an elevation of 1900-2300 m, and includes steppe desert, desert steppe and wetland meadow; type Ⅲ is very sim- ply composed of only salinized meadow; type Ⅳ is distributed above an elevation of 2300 m, containing mountain steppe, meadow steppe, subalpine meadow and alpine meadow; type Ⅴ only contains salinized meadow. The results show that with increasing elevation, species combination changes from the xerophytic shrubs, semi-shrubs and herbs distributed in the low altitude zone with arid climate to the cold-tolerant perennial herbs growing in the high altitudinal zone with cold climate.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PRECEDING PACIFIC SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND SUBTROPICAL HIGH INDEXES OF MAIN RAINING SEASONS

With correlation analysis and factor analysis methods, the effects of preceding Pacific SSTs on subtropical high indexes of main raining seasons are discussed. The results of correlation analysis show that the effects of SSTs on five subtropical high indexes differ in seasons and regions. The variation of SSTs mostly affects the area and intensity indexes of the subtropical high, followed by the western ridge index, and the effect on the ridge line index is more remarkable than on the north boundary index. The results of factor analysis reveals that the first common factor of SST of each season reflected mainly the inverse relation of SSTs variation between the central and eastern part of equatorial Pacific and the western Pacific, which correlates better with the subtropical high indexes in the main raining seasons than other common factors of SST. The analysis of interdecadal variation indicated that the variation of SSTs was conducive to the emergence of the La Ni?a event before the end of 1970s, such that in the summer the subtropical high is likely to be weaker and smaller and located eastward and northward. After the 1980s, the opposite characteristics prevailed.

Under the Brand Based on the Relationship between the Fracture and Adjourned Perspective Pehchaolin Brand Recovery

This paper is mainly based on the relationship between the fractures and adjourned the brand perspective, it chooses classic domestics Pehchaolin skin care brand for study. On the basis of the relevant theoretical literature review on the use of empirical analysis methods for the recovery of Pehchaolin brands were analyzed to construct the Pehchaolin brand adjourned intention factors model and validate the model based on the data. Finally, based on the above analysis, some of China＇ s old brand development makes appropriate recommendations and marketing strategies.

Vegetation-environment relationships in the forests of Chitral district Hindukush range of Pakistan

We investigated the composition of plant communities to quantify their relationships with environmental parameters in the Chitral Hindukush range of Pakistan. We sampled tree vegetation using the Point Centered Quarter （PCQ） method while understory vegetation was sampled in 1.5-m circular quadrats. Cedrus deodara is the national symbol of Pakistan and was dominant in the sampled communities. Because environmental variables determine vegetation types, we analyzed and evaluated edaphic and topographic factors. DCA-Ordination showed the major gradient as an amalgam of elevation （p〈0.05） and slope （p〈0.01） as the topographic factors correlated with species distribution. Soil variables were the factors of environmental significance along DCA axes. However, among these factors, Mg2＋ , K ＋ and N2＋ contributed not more than 0.054% 0.20% and 0.073%, respectively, to variation along the first ordination axis. We conclude that the principal reason for weak or no correlation with many edaphic variables was the anthropogenic disturbance of vegetation. The understory vegetation was composed of perennial herbs in most communities and was most dense under the tree canopy. The understory vegetation strongly regulates tree seedling growth and regeneration patterns. We recommend further study of the understory vegetation using permanent plots to aid development of forest regeneration strategies.

可干预因素与关节运动损伤的因果关系

背景:生活方式、代谢特征及营养摄入等干预因素与关节运动损伤的因果关系逐渐得到临床研究的重视,然而可干预因素与关节运动损伤的因果关系尚不明确。目的:运用孟德尔随机化的方法,探讨可干预因素与关节运动损伤的因果关系,为运动损伤预防提供依据。方法:从公开数据库获取可干预因素和关节运动损伤的GWAS数据集,运用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger法、加权中位数法探讨生活方式、代谢特征、营养摄入与关节运动损伤的因果关系。敏感性分析方面,采用Cochran’s Q检验、MR-Egger回归、留一法和MR-PRESSO,以验证结果的稳定性和可靠性。结果与结论:①生活方式方面,咖啡(OR=0.29,95%CI:0.10-0.79,P=0.016)、茶消耗量(OR=0.41,95%CI=0.19-0.85,P=0.017)与足踝关节运动损伤风险下降,咖啡消耗量(OR=3.31,95%CI=1.02-10.73,P=0.046)与肩关节运动损伤风险上升具有潜在因果关系;从未吸烟(OR=0.78,95%CI=0.70-0.87,P=1.49×10^(-5))与足踝关节运动损伤风险下降具有显著因果关系。②代谢特征方面,钙水平(OR=0.88,95%CI=0.79-0.98,P=0.017)与手腕关节运动损伤风险下降具有潜在因果关系。③营养摄入方面,维生素A摄入(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.02-1.13,P=0.007)与膝关节运动损伤风险增加具有潜在因果关系。④敏感性分析方面,Cochran’s Q检验显示存在异质性(P<0.05),故采用随机效应模型分析。MR-Egger回归、MR-PRESSO检验未发现水平多效性(P>0.05),留一法显示逐个剔除单核苷酸多态性后,结果具有稳定性。⑤此研究初步揭示生活方式、代谢特征及营养摄入等可干预因素对关节运动损伤风险的影响,为关节运动损伤的预防提供研究证据与研究方向。

Understanding Surface Water-Groundwater Conversion Relationship and Associated Hydrogeochemistry Evolution in the Upper Reaches of Luan River Basin, North China

Luan River is the main water source in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,northern China,where the groundwater system is vulnerable and pollution issue is serious.It is significant for regional groundwater resources protection to identify the hydrogeochemistry evolution and affecting factors along flow direction occurred in the upper reaches,especially the surface water-groundwater(SWGW)conversion relationship.In this study,recharge,conversion and geochemistry evolution of SW and GW were elucidated based on physical-hydrochemical indicators and stable isotopes in 36 GW samples and 20 SW samples,which were collected in July 2019 and July 2020.The factor analysis was further utilized to determine the main factors responsible for regional hydrogeochemical evolution.Results indicate that GW recharged SW in plateau area,and SW and GW recharged each other in typical Alpine valley area.The hydrochemical types are HCO3-Ca·Mg and HCO3-Ca,and the hydrochemical evolution is dominated by weathering of silicate and carbonate minerals.The cation exchange adsorption has minor impact on groundwater hydrochemistry.The rise of SO42-and NO3-contents in groundwater is related to industrial and agricultural activities.The main controlling factors of SW hydrochemical components included recharge from groundwater,industrial and mining activities,explaining 90.04%of data variance.However,water-rock interaction,agricultural and domestic sewage are responsible for GW quality,accounting for 83.38%.

Nest-site selection pattern of Grus japonensis in Zhalong Nature Reserve of northeast China

Nest-site selection patterns of Red-crowned cranes（Grus japonensis） and the effects of environmental variables were studied during the years of 2002-2008 in Zhalong Nature Reserve,Qiqihar city,northeast China.The nest-site selection pattern of Red-crowned cranes included two orders and three choices：the choice of nest-site habitat type within the macro-habitat order,nest zone selection and nest-site micro-habitat selection within the micro-habitat order.Various habitats（such as Carex swamps and reed fire districts） can be selected as the nest sites for Red-crowned cranes,of which reed swamps（93.15%） are given a preference.Factor Analysis reveals that the micro-habitat selection are affected by four main factors：fire,security（concealment /disturbance）,incubation（conditions,nest-material）,and food.Further analysis reveals that Red-crowned cranes have certain adaptability to the changes of nesting habitat quality in the Zhalong wetlands.In conclusion,fire,reeds,and water were the most important variables for nest-site habitat selection of Red-crowned Cranes in Zhalong Nature Reserve.

Nest site selection of white-naped crane(Grus vipio) at Zhalong National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang, China

White-naped crane （Grus vipio） is a globally threatened spe- cies. It is very important to analyze its nest site selection in circum- stances where there are multiple disturbances, and also helpful to accu- mulate valuable information about this threatened species and supply scientific suggestions for conservation and management. We studied nest site selection and the effects of environmental variables on nesting habits of white-naped crane at Zhalong National Nature Reserve, Qiqihar City, Heilongiiang, China, during March-May of 2002-2008. White-naped crane responded and adapted to changes in the quality of the spatial environments of landscape and microhabitat under multiple environ- mental disturbances. Nest site selection included two scales and two choices, namely the choice of nest site habitat type within the macro-habitat scale and nest site micro-habitat selection within the mi- cro-habitat scale. Nest sites were recorded only in reed marshes. The choice of nest site micro-habitat included three basic elements and six factors, namely incubation element （nest parameters factor, incubation temperature factor and incubation humidity factor）, safety element （pro- tection factor and concealment factor）, and food element （water factor）. Water, remnant reed clusters, and fire were major resource management challenges during the breeding period for the white-naped crane in this Reserve.

Measuring Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,China

Social vulnerability in this study represents the differences between the capacity to cope with natural hazards and disaster losses suffered within and between places.The assessment of social vulnerability has been recognized as a critical step in understanding natural hazard risks and enhancing effective response capabilities.This article presents an initial study of the social vulnerability of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(B-T-H) Region in China.The goal is to replicate and test the applicability of the United States Social Vulnerability Index(So VI) method in a Chinese cultural context.Thirty-nine variables adapted from the So VI were collected in relation to two aspects:socioeconomic vulnerability and built environment vulnerability.Using factor analysis,seven factors were extracted from the variable set:the structure of social development,the level of economic and government financial strength,social justice and poverty,family structure,the intensity of space development,the status of residential housing and transportation,and building structure.Factor scores were summed to get the final So VI scores and the most and least vulnerable units were identified and mapped.The highest social vulnerability is concentrated in the northwest of the study area.The least socially vulnerable areas are mainly distributed in the Beijing,Tianjin and Shijiazhuang core urban peripheral and central city areas of the prefecture-level cities.The results show that this method is a useful tool for revealing places that have a high level of vulnerability,in other words,areas which are more likely to face significant challenges in coping with a large-scale event.These findings could provide a scientific basis for policy making and the implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation in China.

Student-Teacher Relationship in the Secondary Schools: A Factorial Study

This article contributes to the widening of the international literature concerning the teacher-student relationship under different perspectives:cross-cultural,statistical,and applicative.This work strengthens the psychometric basis of the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale by confirming the three-dimensional structure of the original instrument.Therefore,on the basis of the factor analysis,the instrument proves to apply also to the Vietnamese context.The Student-Teacher Relationship Scale,given its validity,can be a serviceable tool for studying such a construct,both as a monitoring scale of a given relationship and as a way to help teachers achieve a better level of awareness of their educational skills.

从同步数据分析乔木树干液流与气象因子的关系

[目的]树干液流是研究植物蒸腾耗水的重要生理指标,树种和气象因子均是其关键影响因素。本文旨在消除树种因素限制,探讨树干液流与气象因子之间的关系。[方法]以哈尼梯田水源区3种林分中10种乔木树种为研究对象,采用Granier热扩散探针技术测定其树干液流速率,将其同步数据与气象因子进行关联分析。[结果]从次生落叶阔叶林和原生常绿阔叶林的7779条乔木树干液流速率数据中发现7条异常数据,且这些异常数据在各个树种中都表现出同步一致性;进一步关联分析表明,太阳辐射的突然增加是产生乔木树干液流数据同步上升的主要原因,而降雨则是产生树干液流数据同步下降的主要原因,两者的变化可导致其他气象因子发生变化,从而影响树干液流速率;树干液流与气象因子存在一定的时滞效应,在发生同步异常数据的气候条件下,树干液流滞后太阳辐射0~30 min,提前于饱和水汽压差、气温和湿度0~60 min,滞后或提前时间远小于正常气候条件下各树种的时滞时间。[结论]乔木树干液流受到太阳辐射和降雨等气象因子的综合调节,其中太阳辐射的影响最为显著。研究结果可为从生理生态角度探究乔木的蒸腾作用与气象因子的关系提供科学依据。

天然气水合物分解诱发超孔隙压力预测方法

为避免深水井生产过程中,天然气水合物分解诱发的超孔隙压力引起海底滑坡、井筒完整性失效等问题,综合考虑生产阶段水合物分解过程中沉积物压缩性变化及流体密度改变情况,结合质量守恒原理,建立水合物分解引起的沉积物总体积膨胀模型,得到针对天然气水合物分解诱导的超孔隙压力计算方法,并以南海某含天然气水合物地层的深水井为例,讨论不同因素对水合物分解诱发超孔隙压力的影响。研究结果表明:超孔隙压力随水合物初始饱和度、沉积物孔隙率的增加而升高,而且由于超孔隙压力的升高会抑制水合物的进一步分解,其增幅随之减小,存在最大值;此外,超孔隙压力随天然气水合物埋深的增加而增大,但受水深影响较小。研究结果可为深水井安全生产提供理论参考。

自然驾驶状态下城市地下环道驾驶人心理负荷研究

为探究城市地下环道驾驶人心理负荷特性,组织驾驶人自然驾驶试验,使用生理仪获取自然驾驶状态下驾驶人心电信号数据。以驾驶人心率、心率增长率和心率变异性指标为关键变量,基于因子分析法构建心理负荷量化模型,揭示地下环道平曲线半径、曲线类型、出入口以及熟练程度对驾驶人心理负荷的影响。研究表明:心率指标和心率变异性指标分别与地下环道平曲线半径呈负相关和正相关关系;驾驶人心理负荷与平曲线半径呈负相关,在相同半径条件下,连续曲线场景下的心理负荷显著高于单个曲线场景,且连续曲线间负荷累积作用超过单一曲线半径对驾驶人心理负荷的影响;入口段驾驶人心理负荷比出口段高21.39%;非熟练驾驶人心理负荷比熟练驾驶人高30.75%;建议在城市地下环道出入口和曲率变化区段增设视线诱导设施,设计车速为20~40 km·h^(-1)时,平曲线半径不宜小于30 m。

基于文本分析法的城乡融合政策变迁研究——以重庆市为例

城乡融合发展是打破城乡二元体制、缩小城乡发展差距的必由之路,探究城乡融合政策变迁对于识别城乡融合发展趋势具有重要意义。在厘定城乡融合发展阶段基础上,建立“政策阶段—政策目标—政策工具”三维框架,以重庆市为例,对其2002—2022年的163份城乡融合政策进行文本编码和量化分析,从政策目标、政策工具两方面探究政策变迁趋势。研究发现:作为实现城乡融合发展的必要支撑,城乡融合政策根据政策环境变化而动态演进、创新发展,其变迁趋势为要素互补高级化、参与主体多元化、产业形式多样化、改革创新精准化。据此,从提升城乡要素互补水平、营造社会参与良好环境、推进农村产业融合发展、加大改革创新力度四个方面提出管理启示,以期为城乡融合发展提供参考与借鉴。

天然气市场化改革背景下中国LNG出厂价格影响因素研究

从供需基本面和能源市场两个角度分析LNG出厂价格的影响因素。供需方面,选取生产、成本、供求关系、库存量以及气温水平等因素。能源市场方面,选取原油现货、燃料油、液化石油气(LPG)、汽柴油以及煤炭现货价格来衡量天然气替代能源价格,以东北亚现货价格代表国际天然气价格。以内蒙古地区的LNG价格为研究对象,实际数据来自隆众资讯公司和万得(Wind)公司数据库,采用2021年11月3日—2023年10月18日的周度数据。通过典型相关性分析探究影响因素整体对LNG出厂价格的影响,基于向量自回归(VAR)模型中的格兰杰因果检验,探究各因素对价格的作用效果。结论是,中国LNG出厂价格对供需反应程度较弱、受能源市场溢出效应影响较强。建议扩大天然气市场交易规模,完善天然气交易体系,以推进中国LNG市场化发展。