Application of strength reduction method to dynamic anti-sliding stability analysis of high gravity dam with complex dam foundation

Considering that there are some limitations in analyzing the anti-sliding seismic stability of dam-foundation systems with the traditional pseudo-static method and response spectrum method, the dynamic strength reduction method was used to study the deep anti-sliding stability of a high gravity dam with a complex dam foundation in response to strong earthquake-induced ground action. Based on static anti-sliding stability analysis of the dam foundation undertaken by decreasing the shear strength parameters of the rock mass in equal proportion, the seismic time history analysis was carried out. The proposed instability criterion for the dynamic strength reduction method was that the peak values of dynamic displacements and plastic strain energy change suddenly with the increase of the strength reduction factor. The elasto-plastic behavior of the dam foundation was idealized using the Drucker-Prager yield criterion based on the associated flow rule assumption. The result of elasto-plastic time history analysis of an overflow dam monolith based on the dynamic strength reduction method was compared with that of the dynamic linear elastic analysis, and the reliability of elasto-plastic time history analysis was confirmed. The results also show that the safety factors of the dam-foundation system in the static and dynamic cases are 3.25 and 3.0, respectively, and that the F2 fault has a significant influence on the anti-sliding stability of the high gravity dam. It is also concluded that the proposed instability criterion for the dynamic strength reduction method is feasible.

The stability control of fractional order unified chaotic system with sliding mode control theory

This paper studies the stability of the fractional order unified chaotic system with sliding mode control theory. The sliding manifold is constructed by the definition of fractional order derivative and integral for the fractional order unified chaotic system. By the existing proof of sliding manifold, the sliding mode controller is designed. To improve the convergence rate, the equivalent controller includes two parts： the continuous part and switching part. With Gronwall＇s inequality and the boundness of chaotic attractor, the finite stabilization of the fractional order unified chaotic system is proved, and the controlling parameters can be obtained. Simulation results are made to verify the effectiveness of this method.

Comprehensive Analysis Method of Slope Stability Based on the Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element Methods and Its Application

To study the safety and stability of large slopes, taking the right side slope of the Yuxi’an tunnel of the Yuchu Expressway Bridge in Yunnan Province as an example, limit equilibrium and finite element analysis were applied to engineering examples to calculate the stability coefficient of the slope before and after excavation in the natural state. After comparative analysis, it was concluded that the former had a clear mechanical model and concept, which could quickly provide stability results;the latter could accurately determine the sliding surface of the slope and simulate the stress state changes of the rock and soil mass. The stability coefficients calculated by the two methods were within the stable range, but their values were different. On this basis, combined with the calculation principles, advantages and disadvantages of the two methods, a comprehensive analysis method of slope stability based on the limit equilibrium and finite element methods was proposed, and the rationality of the stability coefficient calculated by this method was judged for a slope case.

Dynamic limit equilibrium analysis of sliding block for rock slope based on nonlinear FEM

Traditional rigid body limit equilibrium method （RBLEM） was adopted for the stability evaluation and analysis of rock slope under earthquake scenario. It is not able to provide the real stress distribution of the structure, while the strength reduction method relies on the arbitrary decision on the failure criteria. The dynamic limit equilibrium solution was proposed for the stability analysis of sliding block based on 3-D multi-grid method, by incorporating implicit stepping integration FEM. There are two independent meshes created in the analysis： One original 3-D FEM mesh is for the simulation of target structure and provides the stress time-history, while the other surface grid is for the simulation of sliding surface and could be selected and designed freely. As long as the stress time-history of the geotechnical structure under earthquake scenario is obtained based on 3-D nonlinear dynamic FEM analysis, the time-history of the force on sliding surface could be derived by projecting the stress time-history from 3-D FEM mesh to surface grid. After that, the safety factor time-history of the sliding block will be determined through applying limit equilibrium method. With those information in place, the structure＇s aseismatic stability ean be further studied. The above theory and method were also applied to the aseismatic stability analysis of Dagangshan arch dam＇s right bank high slope and compared with the the result generated by Quasi-static method. The comparative analysis reveals that the method not only raises the FEM＇s capability in accurate simulation of complicated geologic structure, but also increases the flexibility and comprehensiveness of limit equilibrium method. This method is reliable and recommended for further application in other real geotechnical engineering.

Optimization design of foundation excavation for Xiluodu super-high arch dam in China

With better understanding of the quality and physico-mechanical properties of rocks of dam foundation,and the physico-mechanical properties and structure design of arch dam in association with the foundation excavation of Xiluodu arch dam,the excavation optimization design was proposed for the foundation surface on the basis of feasibility study.Common analysis and numerical analysis results demonstrated the feasibility of using the weakly weathered rocks III1and III2as the foundation surface of super-high arch dam.In view of changes in the geological conditions at the dam foundation along the riverbed direction,the design of extending foundation surface excavation area and using consolidating grouting and optimizing structure of dam bottom was introduced,allowing for harmonization of the arch dam and foundation.Three-dimensional(3D)geomechanics model test and fi nite element analysis results indicated that the dam body and foundation have good overload stability and high bearing capacity.The monitoring data showed that the behaviors of dam and foundation correspond with the designed patterns in the construction period and the initial operation period.

Limits to foundation displacement of an extra high voltage transmission tower in a mining subsidence area

Given the background of a transmission tower erected on a particular mining subsidence area,we used finite element modeling to analyze the anti-deformation performance of transmission towers under a number of different load conditions,including horizontal foundation displacement,uneven vertical downward displacement,wind loads and icing conditions.The results show that the failure in stability of a single steel angle iron represents the limit of the tower given ground deformation.We calculated the corresponding limits of foundation displacements.The results indicate that compression displacement of the foundation is more dangerous than tension displacement.Under complex foundation displacement conditions,horizontal foundation displacement is a key factor leading to failure in the stability of towers.Under conditions of compression or tension displacement of the foundation,wind load becomes the key factor.Towers do not fail when foundation displacements are smaller than 1% (under tension) or 0.5% (under horizontal compression or single foundation subsidence) of the distance between two supports.

Design of Novel S-plane Controller of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Established on Sliding Mode Control

Based on the deep analysis of the mathematical model of an autonomous underwater vehicle( AUV),comprehensive considerations are given to the coupling effect of AUV's longitudinal velocity on the other degrees of freedom. In the meantime,discussions are made on the influence of residual buoyancy and restoring moment.A novel S-plane controller established on sliding mode control( SMC) is hereby proposed in this study. The strengths of traditional S-plane controller including simple structure and easily adjustable parameters are maintained in the improved design while the weakness of unsatisfactory control effect at the time of high-speed operation is also overcome. Lyapunov function is introduced to make the stability analysis of the controller before it is successfully applied to the basic motion control of AUV-X. Then the comparative experiment test is carried out between the traditional S-plane controller and the novel S-plane controller. The effectiveness and feasibility of the novel S-plane controller established on sliding mode control in the AUV basic motion control is verified by the comparative analysis of experiment results.

Study on stability and reinforcement of a landslide on Ji'an-Dandong highway

This study clarified the failure mechanism of a landslide on Ji'an-Dandong highway,through the detailed analysis of its geological condition.Then based on the back analysis of the broken landslide,take limit equilibrium method to evaluate the stability of the potential landslide.The result shows that the landslide is lack of safety stock,so anchor rope is designed to reinforce the landslide.

Application of FLAC3D in supporting engineering of deep foundation ditch

Based on the design principles of economic rationality and safety,multiple-pivot pile anchorage approach was used as the supporting engineering of a tall building with a deep foundation ditch.The designs,such as anchor arm,single pile and the whole,were set up in accordance with the calculations of the internal force from the equivalent beam and Yamagata Kunio methods.Moreover,the rationality of the design was estimated using the stability checks.FLAC3D was used for calculating the accuracy of the design.Using FLAC3D to simulating ditch cutting and supporting processes can obtain the equivalent results as the theory analysis in the displacement of ditch surrounding wall,the stress field and stress distribution.

土体抗剪强度各向异性对边坡滑动模式与稳定性的影响

基于极限分析法中的上限定理,开展了考虑土体抗剪强度各向异性的边坡稳定性研究,通过参数分析研究了土体抗剪强度各向异性对边坡失稳滑动方式与边坡稳定性安全系数的影响规律.结果表明:边坡稳定性安全系数随着抗剪强度各向异性系数减小而减小,其影响程度随着土体内摩擦角和坡度的减小而增大;对于土体黏聚力较大、内摩擦角较小的缓坡,随着抗剪强度各向异性系数减小,边坡的最危险滑动面会由坡脚深层破坏转变为坡底深层破坏,滑动范围显著增大;基于计算结果绘制了稳定图(stability chart),实现了考虑土体抗剪强度各向异性影响的边坡稳定性安全系数的快速计算与最危险滑动方式的判别.

Limit analysis method for active earth pressure on laggings between stabilizing piles

Stabilizing pile is a kind of earth shoring structure frequently used in slope engineering. When the piles have cantilever segments above the ground,laggings are usually installed to avoid collapse of soil between piles. Evaluating the earth pressure acting on laggings is of great importance in design process.Since laggings are usually less stiff than piles,the lateral pressure on lagging is much closer to active earth pressure. In order to estimate the lateral earth pressure on lagging more accurately,first,a model test of cantilever stabilizing pile and lagging systems was carried out. Then,basing the experimental results a three-dimensional sliding wedge model was established. Last,the calculation process of the total active force on lagging is presented based on the kinematic approach of limit analysis. A comparison is made between the total active force on lagging calculated by the formula presented in this study and the force on a same-size rigid retaining wall obtained from Rankine's theory. It is found that the proposed method fits well with the experimental results.Parametric studies show that the total active force on lagging increases with the growth of the lagging height and the lagging clear span; while decreases asthe soil internal friction angle and soil cohesion increase.

Optimum Design of Highway Excavation Slope Angle: Evidence from Dawu Section of Jingzhu Highway

The optimum design of the highway excavation slope angle is one of the most important problems to the highway construction and to the slope improvement. The Dawu Section of Jingzhu (Beijing Zhuhai) Highway is taken as an example to illustrate the study method for excavation slope angle design. The analysis of the engineering condition from different angles with different factors shows that the stability of the slope is calculated by using residual pushing force and the Sarma method. Then the sensitive analysis of the slope stability is conducted by using residual pushing force method. Finally, the optimum angle of design is presented on the precondition of ensuring the whole stability of slope and the economic reasonability. The study results show that the most sensitive factors are the shear strength parameter and the seismic force, and that the optimum excavation slope angle is 60°.

XU Xiaohui,CHEN Hui'e and WANG Gangcheng College of Construction Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130026,China

On the basis of geological investigating work and experimental studies on slide zone soil of one landslide in Tibet,the authors analyzed granulometric composition,clay mineral composition and physical and mechanical properties for the soil in the slide zone.The soil samples are gravel containing fine particle.Particles larger than 2 mm occupy the main proportion with the content 51.5%--68.5%.The relative content of clay minerals is low.The clay minerals are illite smectite mixed layer and kaolinite,and their relative contents are 6%--13% and 4%-11%,respectively.The main mineral ingredient is quartz and the relative content is over 30%.Therefore,the soil’s hydrophily is poor.The cohesion and internal friction angle are high,causing preferable physical-mechanical features of slide zone soil.On the basis of the obtained data,the landslide stability is evaluated by means of limit equilibrium method.The safety factors are 3.191 and 1.92 respectively under both natural and normal water level conditions.The study results show that the landslide is stable.It can provide the appropriate basis and reference for landslide stability evaluation and landslide control in Tibet.

高填方路堤滑坡成因分析及防护对策

以某高速公路互通匝道高填方路堤边坡失稳为例,综合考虑填方区原始地形地貌、地层岩性及施工工艺对路堤边坡稳定性的影响,分析了土−岩二元结构填方边坡的变形特征和破坏机理,认为岩土界面可能为填方边坡的最薄弱层面而非填筑界面。同时,根据滑坡成因分析和稳定性评价结果,借助ABAQUS有限元分析软件对填方边坡的破坏机理做了进一步验证,并对抗滑桩支挡结构的受力状态进行了数值分析。分析可知,滑坡滑面主要在岩土界面处,滑面形态呈折线状;通过开挖台阶、设置宽平台和抗滑桩支挡可有效抑制路堤边坡变形,同时应加强排水;在抗滑桩支挡作用下,高填方路堤边坡潜在滑动面表现为由深层向浅层的演化破坏;滑动面以上桩身应力逐渐减小,在滑面处形成“三角状”高应力区,滑动面以下桩−土接触段桩身应力主要集中在桩前;桩身主要受弯段在潜在滑面以下;桩身主要受推力部位在滑面以上桩长1/5~1/3处,而主要抗力部位在滑面以下桩前部分。

海啸作用下滨水挡土墙抗震滑动稳定性上限分析

针对沿海地区滨水挡土墙在海啸和地震联合作用下易发生被动破坏的问题,结合极限分析上限法和拟静力法确定地震荷载,研究了海啸作用下滨水挡土墙的抗震滑动稳定性。通过建立墙体滑动与破坏区土楔体整体滑动的墙-土系统及速度容许场,推导出水平地震加速度系数(kh)的表达式。分析了海啸、海平面与地下水高度及墙-地和墙-土摩擦角对地震屈服加速度系数的影响。结果表明,控制地下水位在适当高度并增大墙-土摩擦角可以有效提高滨水挡土墙的抗震滑动稳定性。与经典极限平衡理论相比,该方法考虑了土体的塑性流动及挡土墙的位移模式,且无需计算地震被动土压力的值。

异形椭球滑面构建及边坡三维稳定性分析

边坡临界滑动面的确定是边坡稳定性分析中的关键问题之一。现实中边坡所处环境往往十分复杂且形状各异,而传统的滑动面模型难以全面适应这些复杂条件。因此,提出了一种基于异形椭球面作为滑动面的三维稳定性分析方法。首先,构建异形椭球方程,并通过空间几何变换生成由半长轴a等六个参数控制的异形椭球。利用异形椭球在短轴上的不对称性,生成Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两种异形椭球滑面,使用插值方法将两种滑面应用于三维边坡,形成异形椭球滑动面。接着,采用剩余推力法和遗传算法计算边坡稳定性系数,并搜索临界滑动面。通过经典算例进行验证,对比分析了标准椭球滑面与异形椭球滑面的稳定性。结果表明,Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型异形椭球滑面的边坡安全系数分别为2.266和1.994,相较于标准椭球滑面,异形椭球滑面在搜索过程中显示出更快的速度和更稳定的最小安全系数收敛,更适用于复杂边坡。最后,将Ⅱ型异形椭球滑面在工程实例中应用,计算结果与实际情况相符,验证了该方法的可行性。

降雨条件下层状土坡三维边坡稳定性分析

降雨是诱发滑坡的重要因素之一,在降雨型滑坡的研究中,关于土壤水分剖面形状动态变化对三维边坡稳定性的影响有待进一步考虑。鉴于此,在前人工作的基础上,本文采用含修正形状系数的形状曲线描述土壤水分剖面的变化,结合非饱和土的水力特性,计算等效渗透系数,推导出改进入渗模型并拓展至双层土体入渗。利用GRASS GIS建立三维边坡模型,选取椭球面作为三维滑动面,通过蒙特卡洛法模拟椭球面参数,确定试算滑动面,采用Hovland三维极限平衡法计算考虑雨水入渗影响的三维边坡安全系数。根据湿润锋面、土层间界面和潜在滑动面三者的相对位置关系,将栅格单元柱分为5种情况考虑。通过算例分析验证所提出的降雨条件下三维边坡稳定性分析方法的可行性,结果表明:蒙特卡洛模拟试算样本数的最佳取值可定为2500次;最小三维边坡安全系数随着降雨历时的增加而减小,减小幅度为0.055~0.126。

不同降雨类型循环下二元边坡渗流场及稳定性分析

为研究不同降雨条件对二元边坡的影响,以福建某公路边坡为例,基于饱和-非饱和渗流理论,利用Geo-Studio软件,模拟不同类型降雨对二元边坡渗流场和稳定性的影响,探讨不同降雨类型循环条件下二元边坡的渗流场和安全系数的变化规律。结果表明,降雨引起的孔隙水压力变化在边坡表层土体和内部岩层之间存在显著差异,土-岩接触面存在潜在滑动面;总降雨量相同时,表层土体孔隙水压力变化曲线呈现不同变化规律,前期型呈上凸型,中期型、均匀型都呈直线型,后期型呈下凹型;下部岩层坡顶、坡面处孔隙水压力变化曲线在降雨周期前期不变,在后期突然增大升至饱和状态,坡脚处岩层的孔隙水压力变化趋势与表层土体一致;安全系数变化与降雨时间分布一致,并具有明显的滞后性;降雨最不利时,潜在滑动面由边坡内部上移到土-岩接触面处及内部岩层接触面处。

光谷空轨高新大道站钢结构顶棚设计与分析

为了实现光谷空轨高新大道站钢结构顶棚外侧悬挑和中央抬高天窗的建筑造型,提出了叠级自平衡结构体系,即第一级弦支穹顶自平衡结构形式和第二级双侧悬挑梁柱框架自平衡结构形式,实现了建筑和结构功能形态的统一融合,解决了细柱受压问题并消除对基础的影响。采用SAP2000对结构进行了静力和非线性稳定分析,补充了ABAQUS梁柱节点应力分析,按上部结构受力特点采用了内侧桩基外围独基结合的基础形式。结果表明,上部结构和基础设计合理,整体稳定性较好,梁柱节点受力良好。

分布式电驱动汽车横摆稳定性控制

针对分布式电驱动汽车在转向变道、高速和低附着系数路面等极限工况下容易失去稳定的情况,提出一种分层控制策略.对车辆进行了稳定性分析,判断控制器开启条件.上层控制器采用模糊滑模控制,积分滑模控制得到附加横摆力矩,为了削减积分滑模控制器的抖振,采用模糊控制器进行优化.下层控制器采用基于轮胎负荷率的纵向力分配和基于轴载比例的纵向力分配,并对两种力矩分配进行对比,通过Carsim和MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真,分别在高速高附着系数路面和低速低附着系数路面进行验证.结果表明:提出的稳定控制策略能有效提升车辆的稳定性,且两种力矩分配器都有较好的控制效果,其中基于轴载比例的纵向力分配效果更好.