Seismic earth pressures on flexible cantilever retaining walls with deformable inclusions

In this study, the results of 1-g shaking table tests performed on small-scale flexible cantilever wallmodels retaining composite backfill made of a deformable geofoam inclusion and granular cohesionlessmaterial were presented. Two different polystyrene materials were utilized as deformable inclusions.Lateral dynamic earth pressures and wall displacements at different elevations of the retaining wallmodel were monitored during the tests. The earth pressures and displacements of the retaining wallswith deformable inclusions were compared with those of the models without geofoam inclusions.Comparisons indicated that geofoam panels of low stiffness installed against the retaining wall modelaffect displacement and dynamic lateral pressure profile along the wall height. Depending on the inclusioncharacteristics and the wall flexibility, up to 50% reduction in dynamic earth pressures wasobserved. The efficiency of load and displacement reduction decreased as the flexibility ratio of the wallmodel increased. On the other hand, dynamic load reduction efficiency of the deformable inclusionincreased as the amplitude and frequency ratio of the seismic excitation increased. Relative flexibility ofthe deformable layer （the thickness and the elastic stiffness of the polystyrene material） played animportant role in the amount of load reduction. Dynamic earth pressure coefficients were compared withthose calculated with an analytical approach. Pressure coefficients calculated with this method werefound to be in good agreement with the results of the tests performed on the wall model having lowflexibility ratio. It was observed that deformable inclusions reduce residual wall stresses observed at theend of seismic excitation thus contributing to the post-earthquake stability of the retaining wall. Thegraphs presented within this paper regarding the dynamic earth pressure coefficients versus the wallflexibility and inclusion characteristics may serve for the seismic design of full-scale retaining walls withdeformable polystyrene inclusions. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Epidemiology of ADRs in Internal Medicine, HCC

We aimed to characterize, and analyze the presence of factors such as polypharmacy and personal medical history that predispose to Adverse Drug Reactions （ADRs） and potential preventability of these. The Civil Hospital of Culiacan （HCC）, in Sinaloa, where the study was conducted has 80 beds in total, in which the Department of Internal Medicine with 24 beds： 12 lbr men and 12 for women, we found the part of the share to contribute to the 200,000 cases of ADRs that according with the WHO each of the countries members report ever）, year to the Uppsala Monitoring Centre. We have not only but also ordered frequency of drugs, pathologies, and analytical tests of the hospitalized patients.

Interpretation of Groundwater Flow into Fractured Aquifer

The region of investigation is part of the western desert of Iraq covering an area of about 12,400 km2, this region includes several large wadis discharging to the Euphrates River. Since the Tectonic features in particular fault zones play a significant role with respect to groundwater flow in hard rock terrains. The present research is focus on investigate lineaments that have been classified as suspected faults by means of remote sensing techniques and digital terrain evaluation in combination with interpolating groundwater heads and MLU pumping tests model in a fractured rock aquifer, Lineaments extraction approach is illustrated a fare matching with suspected faults, moreover these lineaments conducted an elevated permeability zone.