The Quest for the Modernization and Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is deeply rooted in ancient Chinese culture and has been practiced by Chinese people for thousands of years in order to maintain their health and fight against disease. This ancient Chinese wisdom has accumulated from the long struggle to cope with various diseases through hundreds or even thousands of trial-and-error practices. However, due to its empirical character, TCM has long been criticized as being deficient in scientific evidence, and is still not widely accepted by the mainstream conventional medical system. The complexity of the chemical components of TCM and the clarification of its mechanisms remain an enormous challenge in the conversion of TCM into an evidence-based medicine. Thanks to incredible progress in biomedical research, TCM has evolved at an astonishing pace in various aspects, as indicated by the 2015 Nobel Prize awarded to Professor Youyou Tu for her discovery of artemisinin.

Analysis on the principles of differentiation and prescription of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cancerous fever

To investigate the principles of differentiation and prescription of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment for cancerous fever by logistic stepwise regression and literature investigation,the following databases were searched(from inception to June 30th 2016):CNKI,CSPD,CBM,PubMed,MEDLINE,EMBASE.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,literatures about TCM in the treatment of cancerous fever were screened.The frequency about cancerous fever of differential syndrome types,formulas and herbs were analyzed by logistic multiple regression analysis.The model about syndrome types and formula application of cancerous fever was established.The result showed formula prescriptions used most frequently were Qing-Hao-Bie-Jia decoction,Xiao-Chai-Hu decoction,Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction,Bai-Hu decoction,San-Ren decoction.The main syndrome types of cancerous fever were as follows:Toxic heat flourishing type,Yin deficiency type,Stagnation of damp-heat type,Qi-Yin deficiency type,Liver meridian depressed-heat type,Blood stasis type and Yang deficiency type.Based on regression equation of the syndrome types,the corresponding herbs of this seven syndrome types were Radix Bupleuri,Radix Paeoniae Alba and Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi;Radix Bupleuri and Cortex Moutan;Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Angelicae Sinensis;Rhizoma Pinelliae,Cortex Lycii Radicis and Radix Paeoniae Alba;Herba Artemisiae Annuae,Gypsum Fibrosum and Poria Cocos;Rhizoma Anemarrhenae,Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi and Radix Codonopsis;Radix Bupleuri respectively.The results of Logistic regression analysis and frequency of herbs statistics can provide reference for differentiation and treatment of cancerous fever in clinical.

Bibliometrics and visual analysis for clinical research on intervention of traditional Chinese medicine nursing technology on rheumatoid arthritis

Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the current situation,clinical research hot spots,and trends of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing technology in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),to draw a panorama of clinical research,to provide the basis and clues for subsequent high-level evidence integration and further in-depth research.Materials and Methods:Seven databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP),Wanfang Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(Sino-Med),PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library were searched.The bibliometric method and visualization software CiteSpace were used to conduct a multi-dimensional analysis of the included literature.Results:A total of 805 pieces of literature were included(of them,one was written in German and four in English),and the number of published literature showed an increasing trend year by year.There were only 30(3.73%)pieces of literature published in nursing journals.The hot spots of the co-occurrence map were concentrated in:(1)the nursing of fumigation in RA;(2)the efficacy evaluation of TCM nursing technology on pain,joint malformation,and joint dysfunction caused by RA.The included literature themes focused on five TCM technologies:fumigation,moxibustion,acupoint patching,acupoint injection,and Chinese herbal soaking.The beginning year and strength in TCM fumigation were 2012 and 5.2,and those in moxibustion were 2011 and 3.38.Conclusion:The related studies are on the rise.It has entered the field of international readers with clear research hot spots.However,there are still shortcomings such as little literature published in Chinese nursing core journals,few non-Chinese-related documents,and a lack of international exchanges and cooperation.The current research hot spots in this field are TCM fumigation,and the cutting-edge trend of future research may be fumigation and moxibustion technology.It is suggested that further research can focus on evidence integration and original research on the self-optimization of these two techniques.

Screening of traditional Chinese medicine monomers as ribonucleotide reductase M2 inhibitors for tumor treatment

BACKGROUND Ribonucleotide reductase(RR)is a key enzyme in tumor proliferation,especially its subunit-RRM2.Although there are multiple therapeutics for tumors,they all have certain limitations.Given their advantages,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers have become an important source of anti-tumor drugs.Therefore,screening and analysis of TCM monomers with RRM2 inhibition can provide a reference for further anti-tumor drug development.AIM To screen and analyze potential anti-tumor TCM monomers with a good binding capacity to RRM2.METHODS The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database was used to analyze the level of RRM2 gene expression in normal and tumor tissues as well as RRM2's effect on the overall survival rate of tumor patients.TCM monomers that potentially act on RRM2 were screened via literature mining.Using AutoDock software,the screened monomers were docked with the RRM2 protein.RESULTS The expression of RRM2 mRNA in multiple tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues,and it was negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of patients with the majority of tumor types.Through literature mining,we discovered that berberine,ursolic acid,gambogic acid,cinobufagin,quercetin,daphnetin,and osalmide have inhibitory effects on RRM2.The results of molecular docking identified that the above TCM monomers have a strong binding capacity with RRM2 protein,which mainly interacted through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic force.The main binding sites were Arg330,Tyr323,Ser263,and Met350.CONCLUSION RRM2 is an important tumor therapeutic target.The TCM monomers screened have a good binding capacity with the RRM2 protein.

Application of traditional Chinese medicine nursing technique in hyperten hypertension with insomnia: A literature review

At present, unified and effective treatment for hypertension with insomnia is still lacking, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing technology can improve insomnia symptoms, reduce blood pressure, alleviate fatigue, improve anxiety, depression, improve the quality of life for patients with hypertension and insomnia. There is not only the application of the single TCM nursing technology, such as acupoint massage, acupoint application, ear acupoint pressure beans and so on, but also the application of two or a variety of TCM nursing techniques in hypertension with insomnia. In this article, the results of TCM nursing technology on hypertension with insomnia in recent years are reviewed in order to provide reference for the treatment of hypertensive with insomnia.

Systematic evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine for treating Parkinson's disease

BACKGROUND：To evaluate the quality of the literature addressing traditional Chinese medicine for treating Parkinson＇s disease.DATA SOURCE：A computer-based online search of Chinese publications from January 2001 to July 2008 was conducted in Chinese Biology Medical Disc Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Search key words were Parkinson＇s disease, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine therapy, and Chinese herb therapy.DATA SELECTION：Articles describing randomized, controlled trials and quasi-randomized, controlled trials were included. Literature quality was assessed using the criteria-Systematic evaluation of clinical literature related to treatment of Parkinson＇s disease with traditional Chinese medicine. This included methodology, interventions in the treatment/control group, evaluation criterion of outcomes, and frequency.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：Evaluation criterion of outcomes （various score methods and evaluation scales）, methodological quality, and frequency distribution were all measured.RESULTS：A total of 33 articles with randomized, controlled trials were included. Of these, six described a random method, and the remaining did not describe random allocation methods or random sequence generation methods. None of the studies estimated sample size. Case descriptions of withdrawal and loss to follow-up were unclear. Both the Unified Parkinson＇s Disease Rating Scale and Webster scale were used in the eligible studies as evaluation criteria.CONCLUSION：There are no high-quality studies that address traditional Chinese medicine therapy and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for treating Parkinson＇s disease in China. Eligible studies were not performed in accordance with Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement or Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture criteria, and the literature quality was low. The presently used criteria for evaluating therapeutic effects do not completely assess outcomes of traditional Chinese medicine for treating Parkinson＇s disease. The identification of precise outcomes should be verified using randomized, controlled studies with adequate controls and proper designs.

History of recurrent miscarriage in traditional Chinese medicine literature

Recurrent miscarriage （RM） as a gynecological disorder was recognized by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）practitioners long before the age of modern medicine. TCM physicians reported and recorded RM in the canonical TCMliterature, which dates back more than 1500 years. The first cases of RM as a fertility abnormality were reported inChanjing, which was written during the Nanbei Dynasty of China （420 A.D. – 589 A.D.）. Some prescriptions for thetreatment of RM are still actively used by modern TCM practitioners. In addition, many recent pharmacological andclinical studies have focused on the TCM therapy for RM. To identify the new therapeutic targets for RM and furtherpromote the interest in treating RM with TCM, we reviewed the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of RMdiscussed both in the TCM literature and in contemporary pharmacological and clinical studies.

Study on Clinical Literature of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Objective:To systematically analyze the basic information,research contents and related problems in the design of literature in the research field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for irritable bowel syndrome,as well as to provide reliable evidence for improving clinical efficacy of IBS.Methods:Clinical observational literatures on the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome by TCM in 2009-2019 were searched in following Chinese databases:Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wan Fang Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP).After selection,included studies were categorized by items as publication time,author regional distribution,treatment of TCM and control group,etc..Then we analyzed and evaluated the clinical effects of TCM treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.Results:1.Of the 986 literatures retrieved,318 met the inclusion criteria,and the number of relative literatures increased year by year.2.There were 224 literatures related to syndrome differentiation,in which 20 types of TCM syndromes were involved.The top three were the syndrome of disharmony between liver and spleen,deficiency of spleen Yang and kidney Yang and deficiency of spleen with damp retention,accounting for 53.12%、15.17% and 8.48%.3.There were 90 literatures on non-dialectical medication,among which Self-made Prescriptions(自拟方) were the most commonly used,accounting for 34.44%.4.There were 39.13% of the control group using antispasmodic.Among the antispasmodic,57.58% was Pinaverium bromide.5.Only 57 literatures were related to the recurrence rate,among which 54 showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).6.There were 142 literatures involved in the observation of adverse reactions of patients,and the adverse reactions mainly included dryness in the mouth,constipation,abdominal pain,diarrhea,nausea,etc..7.After the evaluation of the quality of the included literature,it was found that among the types of randomized controlled trials(RCTs),5 was class Ⅰ,27 were class Ⅱ,and 273 were class Ⅲ;In non-randomized controlled trials,13 were all class Ⅲ.Conclusion:The number of literatures on TCM treatment for irritable bowel syndrome was increasing year by year,showing that more and more attention had been paid to the clinical application and research of TCM by clinical workers and researchers.While In the clinical research of TCM treatment of irritable bowel syndrome,there were some deficiencies,such as non-standard TCM syndrome type,the main subjects of this study were irritable bowel syndrome-D and the international scale for evaluation of irritable bowel syndrome was not used in most of the experiments.Therefore,it is an urgent need for more high-quality clinical research in attempts to provide enough and reliable evidence to guide the medical care.

Treatment of cholecystitis with Chinese herbal medicines:A systematic review of the literature

AIM:To analyze the literature on the use of Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of cholecystitis.METHODS:The literature on treatment of cholecystitis with traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) was analyzed based on the principles and methods described by evidence-based medicine(EBM).Eight databases including MEDLINE,EMbase,Cochrane Central(CCTR),four Chinese databases(China Biological MedicineDatabase,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Database of Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals,Database of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology) and Chinese Clinical Registry Center,were searched.Full text articles or abstracts concerning TCM treatment of cholecystitis were selected,categorized according to study design,the strength of evidence,the first author's hospital type,and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A search of the literature published from 1977 through 2009 yielded 1468 articles in Chinese and 9 in other languages;and 93.92% of the articles focused on clinical studies.No article was of levelⅠevidence,and 9.26% were of level Ⅱ evidence.The literature cited by Science Citation Index(SCI),MEDLINE and core Chinese medical journals accounted for 0.41%,0.68% and 7.29%,respectively.Typically,the articles featured in case reports of illness,examined from the perspective of EBM,were weak in both quality and evidence level,which inconsistently conflicted with the fact that most of the papers were by authors from Level-3 hospitals,the highest possible level evaluated based on their comprehensive quality and academic authenticity in China.CONCLUSION:The published literature on TCM treatment of cholecystitis is of low quality and based on low evidence,and cognitive medicine may functions as a useful supplementary framework for the evaluation.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy： A literature review

At present, unified and effective treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN） is still lacking, however Chinese medicine techniques characterized by syndrome differentiation and treatment, for example traditional Chinese medicine preparations, acupuncture, and fumigation, have been considered the promising alternative for DPN. Traditional Chinese medicine nursing, which is development on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory, uses not only acupuncture, acupoint application and other treatments but also cares for the patient＇s diet and emotions in order to promote the recovery of skin and nerve endings in patients with DPN. Vast amounts of studies have explored the efficacies of various TCM nursing techniques in managing DPN, however, the article, which comprehensively documented these TCM nursing techniques in DNP patients, cannot be cap- tured. In the present article, we summarized the latest findings of TCM research on DPN in recent years in order to provide a reference for DPN.

基于文献计量分析皮内针疗法适宜病症与临床应用进展

目的基于文献计量分析皮内针疗法的临床文献,探讨皮内针疗法的适宜病症与临床应用进展。方法通过计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang data)和维普中文期刊数据库中与皮内针疗法相关的临床研究文献,应用文献计量学的方法对皮内针疗法发文量、病谱和适宜病症进行分析。结果临床涉及论文共2220篇,近10年发文量显著增长。皮内针疗法临床涉及病症208种。一级适宜病症为手术后疼痛、失眠症、偏瘫、面神经麻痹;二级适宜病症为肩痛、颈椎病、癌痛、膝骨关节炎、腰椎间盘移位、便秘、头痛;三级适宜病症为带状疱疹、遗尿、放化疗后不良反应、变应性鼻炎、呃逆、面肌痉挛;四级适宜病症包括痛经、高血压、糖尿病、胃肠功能紊乱、痹证、吞咽障碍、腰扭伤、肥胖症。结论皮内针疗法是近年来的临床研究热点,其治疗疾病以痛症居多,其次为各类慢性病。不同针具中,揿针的应用受到广泛关注。

湖湘古代中医药文献的类型与特点述略

湖湘中医药文献既是湖湘先人认识疾病的重要途径,又是湖湘地区中医药知识的重要宝库。从早期的口头传承到简帛、竹木简牍,再到纸质文献,湖湘中医药文献呈现了丰富多样的类型和独特的发展轨迹。周秦两汉时期,湖湘中医药文献开始萌芽,主要以简帛文献为主;魏晋隋唐时期,文献载体逐渐向竹木简牍转变,且养生文献得到发展;宋金元时期,方书集合文献占据主导地位,中医药知识体系更趋完善;明清时期,见证了湖湘中医药文献的鼎盛,特别是处理时疫的文献得到广泛流传。通过厘清湖湘古代中医药文献的类型与特点,展示和挖掘湖湘中医药知识和理论的构建历程,从而促进湖湘中医药及其文献的研究利用。

痛风病中医认识源流考

痛风病是与高尿酸血症、尿酸盐沉积密切相关的慢性、进展性、致残性代谢疾病。本文旨在系统梳理痛风病各阶段相关的中医药古籍记载,厘清其中医药认识发展脉络,明确各时期对痛风病的认知及其特点,为痛风病深入研究和临床防治提供中医药理论支撑。通过查阅先秦至明清时期中医医论、方书、本草及医案106部,从中归纳整理有关痛风病的中医药认识,包括病名、症状、病因病机及治疗用药等,探析其发展源流。先秦时期,中医药古籍零星记载了痛风病各阶段的症状、病名和(或)病因病机;汉至隋唐,医家在扩充病名、症状及病因病机的基础上,提出了多种内外治法,标志着痛风病理论形成;宋元明清,证候分型、鉴别诊断及饮食禁忌等论述丰富了这一理论。中医药对痛风病的认识萌芽于先秦,理论形成于汉至隋唐,丰富发展于宋元明清,逐渐形成了一套较为全面的痛风病中医理论体系。

传统中药炮制研究的四重证据法

本草文献的传统研究方法主要是以乾嘉学派的考据学为主,是对古籍加以整理、校勘、注疏、辑佚的一种治学方法。近年来,黄璐琦院士将二重证据法运用于本草文献研究中,倡导本草考古,即在本草文献考证研究方法的基础上,进一步以出土的文物为依据,修正和补充历史文献的错漏、局限和缺佚。作者根据炮制文献研究的特殊性,提出在二重证据法的基础上,结合田野调查与炮制古法复原,并称为传统中药炮制研究的四重证据法,其核心内容为古法复原。运用该法着力解决:文献记载的炮制工艺是否真实的问题,古籍中同种药物不同炮制工艺的优劣比较问题,古代炮制文献中的疑难问题,现代中药炮制工艺中存在的问题,为新药研发提供新思路,并列举了具体的运用实例。

基于《中医方剂大辞典》的雷丸组方用药规律分析

目的 基于数据挖掘方法探究《中医方剂大辞典》中雷丸的组方用药规律。方法 以《中医方剂大辞典》为信息源,梳理含雷丸的方剂,构建雷丸方药数据库;采用文献分析和数据挖掘方法,探讨雷丸的增效减毒及其方剂主治病症类型、药物配伍情况;利用关联规则分析探寻其在常见病中的配伍特点;使用皮尔逊相关性分析发掘药-证的相关性,总结其用药规律。结果 含有雷丸方剂的剂型主要为丸剂和散剂,高频用药为槟榔、大黄、木香等,与雷丸配伍的主要为驱虫药、泻下药及理气药等,且味多为苦、辛,归胃经、脾经。其中“槟榔-雷丸”出现的药对配伍频数最高,其次是“大黄-雷丸”“木香-雷丸”;雷丸方剂的主治病症为虫积的频数最高,其次为疳证、积滞等。皮尔逊相关性分析结果表明,治疗虫积配伍槟榔、木香、使君子、芜荑、鹤虱等;治疗疳证配伍胡黄连、黄连、青皮等;治疗积滞配伍神曲、陈皮、牵牛子、三棱等。结论 雷丸与槟榔等配伍可加强杀虫消积的功效;与胡黄连、大黄等配伍可增加泻下攻积的作用,以上可能会引起轻微的胃肠道不良反应;与陈皮、神曲等配伍可保护胃黏膜,减轻胃肠不良反应。但雷丸毒性物质基础研究等未见报道,仍需深入研究,为雷丸临床应用提供更确切的基础。

辨章学术守正本考镜源流求新知——南京中医药大学医史文献学科70年发展回溯与展望

南京中医药大学中医医史文献学科70年来经历了初创期(1954—1958)、成熟期(1959—1977)、发展期(1978—1999)和提升期(2000年至今)4个历史阶段。在一代代学科带头人和学术骨干呕心沥血的努力下,完成了多部具有里程碑意义的划时代中医药文献传世巨著,承担了多项国家级重大与重点项目。学科特色鲜明,以擅长整理编纂大型中医药工具书为成果标志,文献研究以注重实用性为导向,在研究领域以本草和方剂为工作重点,从而为现代临床、科研和教学提供有效信息。未来学科发展将在保持特色的基础上,充分利用新知识和新方法,开展中医药文献的信息化和数智化研究,培养更多优秀的高层次中医医史文献专业人才。

中医正骨学古今教学特点刍议

中医正骨学是一门技术性学科,在古今都占有着重要的医疗地位。文章针对中医正骨学的古代和现代教学特点进行讨论,并根据发展的实际情况分析教学模式的变化特点,以便更好地保持我国中医药治疗的特色和优势,使中医正骨学保持学科特色、发挥学科优势,充分利用现代科学技术,走在科技的前线,与现代高新技术相结合,促进其教学发展。

馆藏优秀传统文化资源再生性保护与价值释放——基于中医药古籍的调查分析

通过调查统计河南省各类图书馆、文博单位等中医药古籍资源存藏、保护、整理和利用情况,分析河南省中医药古籍资源馆藏开发整理存在的问题,提出“加强中医药古籍保护与利用工作的领导与统筹”“深入挖掘整理河南省中医药古籍资源”“确定重点保护对象,推进中医药古籍多层级保护”“加大中医药古籍保护领域复合型人才培养力度”“加强中医药古籍艺术与文化价值的发掘与传播”等推动河南省中医药发展的举措。

墨子义利观视域下古代中医义利观分析及其当代价值

古代中医医家行医目的和取酬态度与墨子义利观具有高度相通性。在墨子“贵义尚利”思想的涵养和规约下,古代中医医家形成了以术利人、以义为先的行医目的和义利兼顾、以义获利的取酬态度。以古鉴今,将古代中医义利观的精髓,通过感染教育,培养医务人员以义为上的行医追求;利用课程思政和媒体宣传,鞭策医务人员守住以义制利的行医底线;借助激励机制,构建义利兼顾的薪酬分配等多种路径,有机融摄于当代医德义利观教育,以冀树立符合当今经济和社会发展的医学义利观,为构建和谐医患关系、促进医学健康发展、构建人类卫生健康共同体助力。

清金化痰汤治疗呼吸系统疾病的研究进展

经典名方清金化痰汤源于《医学统旨》,具有清热化痰、宣降肺气的功效,临床广泛用于以痰热壅肺证为主的呼吸系统疾病的治疗。研究证明,临床上清金化痰汤治疗肺炎、重症肺炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期、支气管扩张症、慢性支气管炎、肺癌等呼吸系统疾病疗效确切,能缓解临床症状、提高免疫力、改善肺功能及血气分析、降低炎症反应指标等。基础研究上清金化痰汤可以通过调控自噬、调控铁代谢、提高免疫功能、抗病毒、介导各种信号通路等,减轻炎症反应,减少肺部损伤,来达到治疗呼吸系统疾病的作用。为了使清金化痰汤更好地应用于现代呼吸系统疾病,现从清金化痰汤的古代文献分析、临床研究以及基础研究3方面,对其进行整理与总结,为今后经典名方清金化痰汤的治疗呼吸系统疾病以及新药研发提供科学依据。