LHARI COUNTY,A MAJOR LINK ALONG THE ANCIENT TEA-HORSE ROAD

Lhari County is situated in a special part of Nagqu in the Tibet Autonomous Region. People living in the valley of southern Tibet often refer to it as north Lhari, and it is recognized as part of the area where north Tibetan culture continues to prevail. Nevertheless.

Evaluation System for Yunnan Cultural Tourism Routes Based on a Five Component Model: Case Study of the Ancient Tea-horse Road in the South of Yunnan

Cultural tourism routes can reveal and protect cultural tourism heritage by means of cultural tourism in the'time category'and the'space category'.The construction of an evaluation system for cultural tourism routes and the evaluation,scoring and grading of existing and potential cultural tourism routes are the key to the protection of heritage,history and culture along these routes,and the key to encouraging the standardization,branding and sustainable development of various formats on the routes.Yunnan cultural tourism routes are diverse and rich in resources,and their developmental foundation is good.However,the tourism development and cultural development activities occur along separate lines and there is a lack of unified management.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on information collection,information analysis,problem diagnosis and improvement of status in the local practices of Yunnan cultural tourism routes,and to guide the sustainable development of Yunnan cultural tourism routes.Based on the advanced experience of COE(Council of Europe),UNESCO WHC(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,World Heritage Committee)and ICOMOS(International Council on Monuments and Sites),this paper comprehensively analyzes the decisive criteria for line evaluation by interpreting and summarizing the connotations of cultural tourism routes,and determines that the evaluation of cultural tourism routes should include lines.Five aspects―the theme,the participating subject,the object itself,related activities and multi-party value―are used to construct a five-component model.At the same time,based on the consumer utility function,a complete route evaluation and hierarchical system is constructed.Then,taking the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route as an example and using the expert scoring method and the analytic hierarchy process,the actual scores and grades of the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route are determined,and countermeasures and suggestions for its sustainable development are proposed.The paper also verifies the applicability and practicability of the evaluation system,and promotes and improves the feedback evaluation system.The aim is to at promote and widely apply the evaluation system of cultural tourism routes,realizing the transformation from individual cases to joint cases,and promoting the standardization and sustainable development of cultural tourism routes.

Research on Developing an Assessment Scale for Tourism Experience Elements of Ancient Shu Road Heritage Trail

Cultural ancient roads,known in Chinese as gudao,serve as heritage trails that carry historical exchanges across various regions in China.Due to their extensive preservation,wide geographical distribution,diverse thematic variations,and considerable tourist appeal,these paths have emerged as representative heritage trails,increasingly transforming into a novel tourism product experience that is highly favored by tourists and recognized by government authorities.However,research on ancient roads for tourism in China currently lacks a systematic theoretical framework,as well as relevant policies,regulations,and standards to guide their practical development.Therefore,there is a pressing need to draw upon international best practices and conduct foundational research to develop an experience element system that aligns with the perceptions,behaviors,and consumption characteristics of Chinese tourists,thereby advancing theoretical exploration in this field.This study focuses on the representative Ancient Shu Road as a case study and employs a mixed-method approach that integrates qualitative and quantitative research.It aims to construct a tourist-centric scale for the experience elements of ancient road tourism while analyzing the interactive relationship between these experience elements and tourist needs.This study addresses a significant gap in the development of indicator systems for domestic studies of ancient road tourism experiences.Ultimately,the study establishes a comprehensive scale that encompasses three core categories—trail resources and environment,facilities and services,and modes of tourism activities—along with eight primary dimensions:core resources,surrounding cultural environment,surrounding natural environment,tourism reception facilities and services,infrastructure and support services,information facilities and information services,and outdoor and recreational activities.This scale consists of thirty-two specific items,providing a robust reference for future research endeavors.Additionally,the study proposes specific development strategies related to key mechanisms,spatial configuration,and facility construction to enhance the overall development of ancient road tourism.

A Town lnlaid in the Tea-Horse Trading Road

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Cultural Heritage System and Coordinated Protection of Ancient Sichuan Salt Road

Ancient Sichuan Salt Road(the ancient road for the transportation of Sichuan salt) is a cultural route characterized by salt transportation culture in southwest and central-west China, along which a large number of diversifi ed and systematic cultural heritages have been left, including both tangible and intangible salt transportation cultural heritages such as ancient salt transportation road, salt shop, post house, stele inscription, ancient town, ancient bridge, guild hal, and boatmen's work songs. With the rapid economic and social development, the accelerating modernization and urbanization, and also drastic changes of traffi c environment have contributed to the endangered situation of ancient Sichuan salt road cultural heritage. In face of such problems as lack of coordinated protection mechanism, destructive development, backward protection of cultural relics, and inheritance risks of intangible heritage, cultural heritages along the ancient Sichuan salt road should be protected by establishing a protection mechanism, organizing the coordinated actions of local areas along the road, investigating and rescuing cultural heritage in time, and enhancing the cooperative research. In view of the complicate and long-term nature of protecting linear cultural heritage, successful experience of domestic and foreign cultural route heritage management can be learned, salt transportation cultural heritage protection, tourism planning and development of ancient Sichuan salt road should be considered, protection of the ancient salt road should be combined with economic, social and cultural development of regions along the road, so as to explore an effective mode for the protection, development and management of large-scale linear cultural heritages consisting of both land and water routes.

Late Holocene Moisture Changes in the Core Area of Arid Central Asia Reflected by Rock Magnetic Records of Glacier Lake Kalakuli Sediments in the Westernmost Tibetan Plateau and their Influences on the Evolution of Ancient Silk Road

The evolution of Ancient Silk Road(ASR) was deeply influenced by late Holocene moisture changes in Arid Central Asia(ACA). Nevertheless, controversies in Holocene moisture change pattern of ACA and poorly–constrained age models of related studies have made the discussion about late Holocene moisture changes in ACA and their influences on the evolution of ASR difficult. Recently, a high–resolution age model during the late Holocene was established for Kalakuli Lake, a small glacier lake located in the core area of ACA. A thorough rock magnetic investigation was carried out on Kalakuli Lake sediments based on this age model. The magnetic mineral assemblage of Kalakuli Lake sediments is still dominated by primary magnetite despite minor diagenetic effects. Comparisons of rock magnetic records to parameters previously used as indicator of glacier fluctuations suggest that clastic input to Kalakuli Lake was high(low) and magnetic grain size is relatively larger(smaller), when glaciers on Muztagh Ata advanced(retreated). The ARM/SIRM ratio, a magnetic grain size proxy, is directly related to lake hydrodynamics, which are ultimately controlled by glacier fluctuations on Muztagh Ata as the result of regional moisture changes. Late Holocene moisture changes indicated by the ARM/SIRM ratio are consistent with cool/wet and warm/dry oscillations indicated by the unweighted average of biomarker hydrogen isotopic data of the C26 and C28 n–alkanoic acids in a previous study about Kalakuli Lake, most moisture change records of the core area of ACA and winter insolation of the Northern Hemisphere, but opposite to Asian monsoon evolution. Given Asian monsoon and the westerlies are mutually inhibited, we propose that late Holocene moisture changes in the core area of ACA were controlled by the intensity of Asian monsoon versus the westerlies under the governance of solar insolation. Generally increased moisture since the late Holocene indicated by the ARM/SIRM ratio favored cultural exchange and integration between the western and the eastern Eurasia, which paved the way for the formation of ASR. Coincidence between significant increase in moisture at ~200 BC suggested by the ARM/SIRM ratio and the formation of ASR indicates moisture as an important factor that facilitated the formation of ASR. The onsets of three prosperity periods of ASR in the history generally correspond to periods when moisture was relatively high, nevertheless, stagnant periods of ASR do not coincide with periods when moisture was relatively low in the core area of ACA. Disorganized correlations between stagnant periods of ASR and moisture changes in the core area of ACA suggest that moisture is not the decisive factor influencing the evolution of ASR.

Maryma:Yunxiu Tea and Horse Ancient Road

On March 30th, the custom show'Yunxiu Tea and Horse Ancient Road' by a famous designer Ma Yanli was staged as scheduled in the Golden Hall of Beijing Hotel.The first scene was to show the departure ceremony of the ancient road. The history is revealed right in front the audience. With expectations for the future, the scene gradually uncovers the mysterious veil of the caravan expedition, and reflects the tough and masculine spirit of the caravan.

The Ancient and Modern Silk Roads in a Historian’s Eyes

FOUR years ago, the publication of a book created a great sensation in Western media. The Silk Roads: A New History of the World written by the Oxford University professor of history Peter Frankopan quickly topped bestseller lists in the English world after its launching.

Protection and Utilization of Cultural Heritage along Wuyan Ancient Plank Roads

At present,there are many studies on linear cultural heritage in China.Some achievements have been made in discussions on related topics such as the Ancient Tea-Horse Road,the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,and the Ancient Hui-Hangzhou Road.However,there are few studies on the special linear landscapes ancient plank roads.With the establishment of the Three Gorges Project and the increase of the water level in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,most of the ancient plank roads have been submerged,and the related research has come to an abrupt end.In this study,through field visits and on-site surveys of Wuyan ancient plank roads,the preservation status and usage of the ancient plank roads were studied,and existing problems,cultural values,protection methods and utilization strategies were discussed to provide effective reference for protecting ancient plank roads and ancillary cultural heritage,and promoting the development of local modern tourism and traditional handicrafts.

A Brief Analysis of the Migration of Silk Weaving Craftsmen and the Spread of Silk Weaving Techniques in the Ancient Bashu Area along the Southern Silk Road

During ancient times,silk weaving techniques already matured in the Bashu area and“Shu Satin”silk products were widely known.Shu Satin not only performed as a high-quality commodity in the Northern Silk Road trade activities,but also conveyed cultural and social significance.Credit for the importance of Shu Satin must go to the extraordinary weavers in the Bashu area.The migration and circulation of these weavers spread the exquisite brocade and sericulture techniques throughout and beyond the Bashu area,and accelerated brocade and sericulture techniques in ancient southern China,Myanmar,and Vietnam.Accordingly,the Southern Silk Road can be seen as a path to disseminate the silk weaving techniques that originated in the Bashu area.This paper takes the migration of Shu Satin as its mainline and discusses how the weaving craftsmen spread the brocade and sericulture techniques throughout southern China during their travels and migrations,and the immeasurable contributions these craftsmen made to economic and trade activities along the ancient Southern Silk Road.This paper explores the technical accumulation and dissemination of brocade craftsmen in the Bashu area from three perspectives.The first perspective is the accumulation period of the ancient silk weaving techniques-the inflow of craftsmen from central China and the development and integration of the sericulture and silk weaving techniques in the Bashu area.The second is the technique dissemination period,centered on the silk weaving craftsmen in the Chengdu region of the Bashu area.The third is the techniques’outmigration period and the migration and circulation of craftsmen throughout the Bashu area.This paper strives to outline the dynamic lines that the Bashu silk weaving craftsmen created and the spread of their exquisite weaving techniques during their migration and circulation.This will illustrate that the ancient Southern Silk Road was not only a trade and cultural exchange zone for ancient silk commodities,but more importantly,it was a dynamic space for the dissemination and development of brocade weaving techniques.

Ancient Road For Tea Horse Trade

For many, manypeople in theworld,a roadexclusively devot-ed to the tea-horse tradewould be considered some-thing of a tall tale.However,such a road did exist,fromthe Tang Dynasty(618-907)to the opening of the Yun-nan-Tibet and Sichuan-TibetHighways in the 196Os.Insome areas,sections of theroad are still used for trans-port purposes.

Sino-Uzbek Joint Archaeology:Adhering to the Spirit of Silk Road,Exploring the Pearl of Silk Road

Since 2012,a joint archaeological team of Chinese and Uzbek archaeologists has conducted eight archaeological excavations at the site of the ancient city of Mintepa in Uzbekistan,making a series of important archaeological discoveries and restoring the status of Mintepa ancient city in the Ferghana Basin and in the history of ancient Central Asia.

The Ancient Roman Civilization Shining in Beijing:Mutual Learning Between Civilizations from the Perspective of Artistic Characteristics

China and Italy are both cultural powers with a long history and splendid civilization.As the starting point and ending point of the Silk Road respectively,both countries have rich historical and cultural heritage,contributing to the exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations along the Silk Road.

Ancient Charm in a Modern World Kashgar’s old city recalls Silk Road’s history and time-honored traditions

[Kashgar is] the best-preserved example of a traditional Islamic city to be found anywhere in Central Asia.

茶文化助力鹤峰茶产业发展的探索

鹤峰茶历史悠久,因其当地民俗风情、地理环境和历史背景,形成了独树一帜的文化特色。通过对鹤峰茶文化发展史的梳理,从容美贡茶、鹤峰宜红、万里茶道茶源地3个方面对鹤峰茶文化亮点进行了全面挖掘,并针对性地提出了鹤峰茶文化助力茶产业发展的对策建议,以期丰富“鹤峰茶”品牌内涵,助力鹤峰茶产业的发展。

黑龙江古驿道户外运动特色旅游发展策略研究

在黑龙江古驿道周边拥有得天独厚的自然条件以及悠久深厚的历史背景,拥有领先全国的滑冰、滑雪、跳伞等自然资源,但整体户外运动旅游业开展还存在问题仍需解决,可以通过加强政策引导与扶持、科学规划,统筹驿道冰雪资源发展、提升旅游服务质量和安全管理水平、结合可持续发展理念设计产品、加强区域合作与市场推广等发展策略予以持续开发打造,进而促进其户外运动特色旅游良性发展。

古代云南东南部的变迁

古代的云南东南部,包括今红河哈尼族彝族自治州、文山壮族苗族自治州及附近一些地区。云南东南部的演变有以下特点:一是这一地区距滇池、洱海流域两大区域中心较远,同时未形成强大的地方势力,在政治舞台上便显落寞;二是云南中部至越南的交趾道经过这一地区,云南东南部的发展与交趾道兴衰密切相关;三是云南东南部与越南毗连,越南与中国历代王朝关系的改变,深刻地影响云南东南部;四是云南东南部的变化经历先慢后快的过程。自元代起,云南东南部获得较快发展,清代尤为明显。

李白的商於之旅及其古道记忆

李白途径商於古道,留下诸多诗什。据杨齐贤等《分类补注李太白诗》、王琦注《李太白全集》统计,诗中所见商於古道之地名有商山、商州、石娥溪、西岩、四皓墓等,所见古道之人事有四皓、裴使君(延庆)等。同时,李白诗中又有南山、商山皓、南山皓等地名与人名的别称。通过诸多地名、人名及人事,不仅可以探究诗人商於之旅的路线及其诗歌活动,还可以管窥商於古道优美的自然环境、悠久的历史文化、独特的民俗风情对诗人羁旅情感的影响。

长庆二年刘元鼎入蕃陇右段线路考

利用历史地理学地名沿革考证,地形、地貌调查以及高分辨率卫星遥感影像调查等方法手段,研究长庆二年(822)刘元鼎入吐蕃去程中,从成纪经武川、兰州、广武梁、河州、龙支县至鄯州段和返程经莫贺延碛尾、河州至龙泉谷段线路走向。刘元鼎一行翻越陇山后,经今秦安叶堡(成纪)、郭嘉川(武川)、通渭县、巉口、兰州至黄河支流庄浪河和湟水间山梁(广武梁),沿黄河北岸西南行,经李家塬和他家塬之间的黄河河面(赤岸桥所在地)南渡黄河至临夏市(河州),又经赤岸桥过黄河,穿越今杨塔乡至马营乡之间的山岭(漫天岭)至古鄯北古城(龙支县),再经今柴沟、东沟、西沟、唐尔垣、峡门、中坝、桃红营、瞿坛、岗沟至乐都(鄯州)。返程时由今尕毛羊曲南渡黄河,经今贵南县南、库泽县北、夏河县、临夏县至临夏市(河州),沿去程时路线至湟水与黄河交汇处的湟水河谷(龙泉谷)原路返回。

宋元明清时期湖南西部地区儒学教育的发展及影响——以湘黔滇古驿道湖南段碑记为考察中心

湘黔滇古驿道湖南段的碑记数量众多,其中儒学类碑记资料十分丰富。这些儒学碑记详实记录了湘黔滇古驿道湖南段各政区儒学教育的发生与发展历程,揭示了以驿道为中心的文化输入对驿道沿途政治文化发展所产生的巨大作用,尤其是儒学传播对边徼地区少数民族文化的深刻影响,对丰富与拓展驿道文化、儒学南传以及边疆治理研究等有重要意义。