Fatal risk in hysteroscopic surgery that should not be overlooked:Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm

This article provides a detailed account of the diagnosis and treatment of a case involving a uterine artery pseudoaneurysm(UAP),as well as an analysis of UAP etiology.This finding emphasizes that UAP should be considered in patients presenting with abnormal genital bleeding after hysteroscopy and offers valuable insights and lessons for gynecologists in hysteroscopic procedures.The patient underwent timely relevant examinations to confirm the diagnosis,allowing for crucial time required for her treatment.In this study,the primary cause of UAP formation in the patient was attributed to a prior hysteroscopic surgical procedure conducted at another medical facility,suggesting that the selection and imple-mentation of dilatation catheters are some of the predisposing factors for UAP.In conclusion,this case study offers a comprehensive analysis of the etiology of UAP and effectively provides timely diagnosis and treatment,offering valuable in-sights for the clinical diagnosis and management of UAP.

Cauda equina syndrome with urinary retention as a postoperative complication of lumbar spine surgery:A case report

BACKGROUND Cauda equina syndrome(CES)is characterized by a group of symptoms that may be caused by inflammation,spinal cord compression,venous congestion,or ischemia.This syndrome is commonly an indication for surgical intervention but has not been determined as a postoperative complication following surgery for lumbar spine disease.CASE SUMMARY To report the case of a 54-year-old male patient who had CES following spinal surgery,with no obvious compression lesions found during re-exploration,suggesting that vascular insufficiency may have contributed to the condition.Furthermore,a series of urodynamic studies on bladder recovery patterns in such complications have also been investigated.CONCLUSION Postoperative CES requires urgent imaging and exploration to rule out compression;noncompressive cases,including vascular insufficiency may performed conservative management.

Root canal therapy combined with endoscopic sinus surgery for odontogenic sinusitis:Efficacy comparison in a cohort study

BACKGROUND Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis,often triggered by dental issues like periapical periodontitis,significantly contributes to chronic sinusitis,mainly affecting adults around 50 years old,emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment approach.AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect and clinical value of root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery compared with simple root canal the-rapy in the treatment of severe odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by peria-pical periodontitis.METHODS The clinical data,diagnosis,and treatment of 200 patients with severe odonto-genic maxillary sinusitis caused by periapical periodontitis from October 2020 to October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.Among them,63 patients were treated with simple root canal therapy as the control group,and 137 patients were treated with root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery as the observation group.The therapeutic effect,Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score,paranasal sinus Lund-Mackay score,complication rate,recurrence rate,and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS First,we compared the effective rates:23 cases were cured,22 were improved,and 8 were ineffective in the control group,yielding a total effective rate of 84.90%.Meanwhile,97 cases were cured,34 improved,and 6 were ineffective in the observation group,resulting in a total effective rate of 95.62%.The observation group had a higher total effective rate compared with the control group(P<0.05).Second,we compared the Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score.Before treatment,no significant difference(P>0.05)was observed in this score between the two groups.After treatment,the Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score decreased in both groups.The Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score of the observation group at 3 and 6 mo after treatment was lower compared to that of the control group(P<0.05).Third,we compared the Lund–Mackay score of paranasal sinuses.Before treatment,there was no significant difference in this score between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the Lund–Mackay scores of paranasal sinuses decreased in both groups.The Lund–Mackay scores of paranasal sinuses in the observation group at 3 and 6 mo after treatment were lower compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).Fourth,we compared the incidence and recurrence rate of complications.Three months after treatment,no significant difference was found in the incidence and recurrence rate of complications between the observation group(6.56%)and the control group(9.52%)(P>0.05).However,6 mo after treatment,the incidence and recurrence rate of complications in the observation group(2.91%)was significantly higher compared to that of the control group(12.69%)(P<0.05).Fifth,we compared patient satisfaction.Six months after treatment,the patient satisfaction of the observation group(93.43%)was significantly better than that of the control group(84.12%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Root canal therapy combined with nasal endoscopic surgery has a good therapeutic effect on severe odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by periapical periodontitis,and it can reduce the injury of maxillary sinus mucosa and bone,and significantly reduce the incidence of complications and recurrence rate.Meanwhile,it has high patient satisfaction and remarkable therapeutic effect,which is suggested to be popularized and applied in clinic.

Pulmonary embolism after shoulder surgery:Is it a real threat?

Pulmonary embolism(PE)is a rare but devastating complication of shoulder surgery.Apart from increased morbidity and mortality rates,it may significantly impair postoperative recovery and functional outcome.Its frequency accounts for up to 5.7%of all shoulder surgery procedures with a higher occurrence in women and patients older than 70 years.It is most commonly associated with thrombophilia,diabetes mellitus,obesity,smoking,hypertension,and a history of malignancy.PE usually occurs secondary to upper or lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis(DVT).However,in rare cases,the source of the thrombi cannot be determined.Prophylaxis for PE following shoulder surgery remains a topic of debate,and the standard of care does not routinely require prophylactic medication for DVT prophylaxis.Early ambulation and elastic stockings are important preventative measures for DVT of the lower extremity and medical agents such as aspirin,low-molecular-weight heparin,and vitamin K antagonists are indicated for high-risk patients,long-lasting operations,or concomitant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.The most common symptoms of PE include chest pain and shortness of breath,but PE can also be asymptomatic in patients with intrinsic tolerance of hypoxia.Patients with DVT may also present with swelling and pain of the respective extremity.The treatment of PE includes inpatient or outpatient anticoagulant therapy if the patient is hemodynamically unstable or stable,respectively.Hemodynamic instability may require transfer to the intensive care unit,and cardiovascular arrest can be implicated in fatal events.An important issue for patients with PE in the postoperative period after shoulder surgery is residual stiffness due to a delay in rehabilitation and a prolonged hospital stay.Early physiotherapy and range-of-motion exercises do not adversely affect the prognosis of PE and are highly recommended to preserve shoulder mobility and function.

Anderson-Hynes术治疗肾积水的体会

目的 :介绍Anderson Hynes术治疗先天性肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻性肾积水的临床体会。方法 :本组 72例 ,左肾 44例 ,右肾 19例 ,双侧肾 9例 ,其中孤肾积水 5例。其他术式失败后 4例。在肾盂输尿管吻合前作标志线 ,吻合口无张力 ,对合平整 ,置输尿管支撑管 ,肾盂造瘘。结果 :除 1例带管出院 3个月后拔管外 ,其余均在术后 12～ 2 1天拔管出院 ,全部治愈。结论 :Anderson Hynes术式是治疗肾积水的首选有效方法 ,但扩大的肾盂或 (和 )肾盏难以复原 ,尤其是年长巨大积水者。

开放小切口Anderson-Hynes术治疗小儿肾积水83例疗效分析

目的探讨开放小切口Anderson-Hynes术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)所致肾积水的有效性及临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2016年7月至2017年6月昆明市儿童医院泌尿外科因肾积水行开放性Anderson-Hynes术患儿的临床资料,结合国内外最新Anderson-Hynes术相关文献报道,从手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、术后并发症发生情况等方面评价其疗效。结果本研究共纳入83例患儿,年龄31日龄至8岁,平均(2.1±1.9)岁;左侧47例,右侧28例,双侧8例;因积水加重行二次手术3例,取管后反复尿路感染3例,取管后积水未减轻1例;手术时间45~165 min,平均(95.2±26.5)min;术中出血量2~15 m L,平均(6.9±3.5)m L;住院天数5~28 d,平均(12.2±4.2)d。5例因尿外渗及输尿管长段狭窄而延迟至术后3个月取出双J管,其余患儿均于术后1个月取管,无一例发生管位回缩及结石形成;随访6个月至3年。术前肾盂前后径(anterior and posterior diameter of renal pelvis,APD)较术后缩短[(44.2±18.4)mm vs.(16.1±9.6)mm,P<0.001];术后最小肾皮质厚度较术前增厚[(9.3±1.4)mm vs.(4.2±2.0)mm,P<0.001],患儿均成功解除梗阻,临床症状消失。结论开放小切口Anderson-Hynes术疗效确切,学习曲线短,硬件设施要求低,在不具备腹腔镜设备的二级和三级医院值得推广。

优选腹壁切口腹腔镜Anderson-Hynes术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻肾积水

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（UPJO）是小儿泌尿系常见的先天性畸形,开放Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术是治疗UPJO的标准术式。小儿腹腔镜肾盂成形术最早报道于1999年,其创伤疼痛轻、美容效果好,逐渐被小儿泌尿外科医生及患儿所认可。传统的三孔腹腔镜技术操作简单,但腹壁切口相对明显,美容效果欠佳.

改良小切口Anderson-Hynes成形术治疗儿童先天性肾积水32例

目的 探讨改良小切口Anderson-Hynes成形术治疗儿童先天性肾积水的临床价值。方法 对本文32例儿童先天性肾积水的诊治情况进行综合分析。结果 32例均采用改良小切口Anderson-Hynes成形术治疗,手术时间60～135min,无继发出血,随访无并发症。结论 改良小切口Anderson-Hynes成形术手术视野好,创伤较小,操作简单,术后恢复快,远期效果好。

Anderson-Hynes术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的探讨肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的治疗方法.方法采用Anderson-Hynes术,术中置双J管引流.结果术后3～12个月分别行B超,IVP,逆行肾盂造影(RP)检查,结果肾积水明显减轻,吻合口通畅,随访12-30个月,术后病人症状消失.结论 Anderson-Hynes术是治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的有效方法,成功率高;双J管能起到引流通畅及内支架管的作用,缩短了住院时间,使用安全可靠.

腹腔镜下Anderson-Hynes治疗儿童肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻术后并发症现状

腹腔镜下Anderson-Hynes术(laparoscopic pyeloplasty,LP)是目前治疗儿童肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻的优选术式。然而,该术式仍存在各种术后并发症。随着LP术的广泛开展,其术后并发症越来越受到大家的关注。本文以Clavien术后分级方法为基础,就LP术后并发症,以及其成因和处理做一综述。

Anderson-Hynes术式联合RIRS治疗UPJO的疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下Anderson-Hynes术式联合逆行输尿管软镜手术(RIRS)治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取我院手术治疗的61例UPJO肾积水患者,根据手术方法分为腹腔镜下Anderson-Hynes术式30例(A组)、腹腔镜下Anderson-Hynes术式联合RIRS治疗31例(B组),对比两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、手术前后患侧肾脏平均肾盂扩张分离的前后径(AP)、术后引流管留置时间、手术前后血肌酐(Scr)、肾小球滤过率、手术并发症。结果B组患者的手术时间、术后引流管留置时间均显著低于A组(P<0.05);两组患者术中出血量、住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前两组患者的AP值差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),术后6个月、术后1年,B组患者的AP值低于A组(P<0.05);术前、术后1年,两组患者的Scr、肾小球滤过率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组患者术后1年Scr值较术前显著降低(P<0.05),肾小球滤过率较术前显著升高(P<0.05);A组患者的手术并发症率16.7%与B组患者6.4%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜下Anderson-Hynes术式联合RIRS治疗UPJO较单纯腹腔镜下Anderson-Hynes手术能缩短手术时间、减少术后引流管留置时间、达到进一步减小AP值的目的。

Anderson-Hynes术治疗婴儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的护理

目的探讨Anderson-Hynes术治疗婴儿PUJO的护理经验。方法对150例小于1周岁PUJO行Anderson-Hynes术的患儿的围手术期护理进行回顾性分析。结果 150例PUJO婴儿通过完善术前准备及术后护理,92例患儿留置双J管期间尿常规检查有镜下血尿,嘱多饮水后复查后好转; 1例患儿在拔除双J管后积水增加明显伴发热腹痛,考虑吻合口梗阻,予手术行肾盂穿刺引流,3个月后再次行肾盂成形术后恢复良好,康复出院; 13例患儿尿常规检查显示尿路感染,经抗感染治疗后痊愈;其余患儿术后均康复出院。结论制定行之有效的完善的人性化的术前术后护理措施是保证手术成功及患儿康复出院的重要保障。

New direction for surgery:Super minimally invasive surgery

The top goal of modern medicine is treating disease without destroying organ structures and making patients as healthy as they were before their sickness.Minimally invasive surgery(MIS)has dominated the surgical realm because of its lesser invasiveness.However,changes in anatomical structures of the body and reconstruction of internal organs or different organs are common after traditional surgery or MIS,decreasing the quality of life of patients post-operation.Thus,I propose a new treatment mode,super MIS(SMIS),which is defined as“curing a disease or lesion which used to be treated by MIS while preserving the integrity of the organs”.In this study,I describe the origin,definition,operative channels,advantages,and future perspectives of SMIS.

腹腔镜Anderson-Hynes小儿肾盂输尿管成形的手术配合

目的总结腹腔镜辅助下小儿肾盂输尿管成形的手术配合经验。方法回顾分析32例肾积水患儿于腹腔镜下经结肠系膜入路行Anderson-Hynes肾盂输尿管成形术的手术配合资料。结果 32例患儿手术中医护配合默契,顺利完成手术。结论充分的术前准备,熟练的手术配合,仪器设备、器械的正确维护保养是手术顺利进行的保障。

Bariatric surgery and diabetes:Current challenges and perspectives

Diabetes mellitus(DM)and obesity have become public issues of global concern.Bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity combined with type 2 DM has been shown to be a safe and effective approach;however,there are limited studies that have systematically addressed the challenges of surgical treatment of obesity combined with DM.In this review,we summarize and answer the most pressing questions in the field of surgical treatment of obesity-associated DM.I believe that our insights will be of great help to clinicians in their daily practice.

Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision during Surgery: Discussing Laparoscopic Images with ChatGPT4—Preliminary Results

Introduction: Ultrafast latest developments in artificial intelligence (ΑΙ) have recently multiplied concerns regarding the future of robotic autonomy in surgery. However, the literature on the topic is still scarce. Aim: To test a novel AI commercially available tool for image analysis on a series of laparoscopic scenes. Methods: The research tools included OPENAI CHATGPT 4.0 with its corresponding image recognition plugin which was fed with a list of 100 laparoscopic selected snapshots from common surgical procedures. In order to score reliability of received responses from image-recognition bot, two corresponding scales were developed ranging from 0 - 5. The set of images was divided into two groups: unlabeled (Group A) and labeled (Group B), and according to the type of surgical procedure or image resolution. Results: AI was able to recognize correctly the context of surgical-related images in 97% of its reports. For the labeled surgical pictures, the image-processing bot scored 3.95/5 (79%), whilst for the unlabeled, it scored 2.905/5 (58.1%). Phases of the procedure were commented in detail, after all successful interpretations. With rates 4 - 5/5, the chatbot was able to talk in detail about the indications, contraindications, stages, instrumentation, complications and outcome rates of the operation discussed. Conclusion: Interaction between surgeon and chatbot appears to be an interesting frontend for further research by clinicians in parallel with evolution of its complex underlying infrastructure. In this early phase of using artificial intelligence for image recognition in surgery, no safe conclusions can be drawn by small cohorts with commercially available software. Further development of medically-oriented AI software and clinical world awareness are expected to bring fruitful information on the topic in the years to come.

Fully automatic AI segmentation of oral surgery-related tissues based on cone beam computed tomography images

Accurate segmentation of oral surgery-related tissues from cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)images can significantly accelerate treatment planning and improve surgical accuracy.In this paper,we propose a fully automated tissue segmentation system for dental implant surgery.Specifically,we propose an image preprocessing method based on data distribution histograms,which can adaptively process CBCT images with different parameters.Based on this,we use the bone segmentation network to obtain the segmentation results of alveolar bone,teeth,and maxillary sinus.We use the tooth and mandibular regions as the ROI regions of tooth segmentation and mandibular nerve tube segmentation to achieve the corresponding tasks.The tooth segmentation results can obtain the order information of the dentition.The corresponding experimental results show that our method can achieve higher segmentation accuracy and efficiency compared to existing methods.Its average Dice scores on the tooth,alveolar bone,maxillary sinus,and mandibular canal segmentation tasks were 96.5%,95.4%,93.6%,and 94.8%,respectively.These results demonstrate that it can accelerate the development of digital dentistry.

Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm caused by hysteroscopic surgery: A case report

BACKGROUND We report a case of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm(UAP)occurrence during hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy and its treatment via uterine artery embolization(UAE).CASE SUMMARY A 48-year-old primigravid,primiparous patient was incidentally found to have an endometrial polyp during a health checkup,and underwent a hysteroscopic polypectomy at another hospital.Her cervix was dilated with a Laminken-R®device.After the Laminken-R®was withdrawn,a large amount of genital bleeding was observed.This bleeding persisted after the hysteroscopic polypectomy,and,as hemostasis became impossible,the patient was transferred to our hospital by ambulance.On arrival,transvaginal ultrasonography revealed a 3-cm hypoechoic mass with a swirling internal pulse on the right side of the uterus,and color Doppler ultrasonography showed feeder vessels penetrating the mass.Pelvic contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)confirmed the presence of a mass at this site,and vascular proliferation was observed within the uterine cavity.Consequently,UAP was diagnosed,and UAE was performed.The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful,and 6 mo post-UAE,no recurrence of blood flow to the UAP was observed.CONCLUSION When abnormal genital bleeding occurs during hysteroscopic surgery,ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT can assist in the detection of early UAPs.

Is recovery enhancement after gastric cancer surgery really a safe approach for elderly patients?

BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the safety of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)in elderly patients with gastric cancer(GC).AIM To evaluate the safety of ERAS in elderly patients with GC.METHODS The PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library databases were used to search for eligible studies from inception to April 1,2023.The mean difference(MD),odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were pooled for analysis.The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores.We used Stata(V.16.0)software for data analysis.RESULTS This study consists of six studies involving 878 elderly patients.By analyzing the clinical outcomes,we found that the ERAS group had shorter postoperative hospital stays(MD=-0.51,I2=0.00%,95%CI=-0.72 to-0.30,P=0.00);earlier times to first flatus(defecation;MD=-0.30,I²=0.00%,95%CI=-0.55 to-0.06,P=0.02);less intestinal obstruction(OR=3.24,I2=0.00%,95%CI=1.07 to 9.78,P=0.04);less nausea and vomiting(OR=4.07,I2=0.00%,95%CI=1.29 to 12.84,P=0.02);and less gastric retention(OR=5.69,I2=2.46%,95%CI=2.00 to 16.20,P=0.00).Our results showed that the conventional group had a greater mortality rate than the ERAS group(OR=0.24,I2=0.00%,95%CI=0.07 to 0.84,P=0.03).However,there was no statistically significant difference in major complications between the ERAS group and the conventional group(OR=0.67,I2=0.00%,95%CI=0.38 to 1.18,P=0.16).CONCLUSION Compared to those with conventional recovery,elderly GC patients who received the ERAS protocol after surgery had a lower risk of mortality.

Enhanced recovery after surgery in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery

BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the clinical outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)in the perioperative period in elderly patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC).AIM To investigate the potential enhancement of video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS)in postoperative recovery in elderly patients with NSCLC.METHODS We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 85 elderly NSCLC patients who underwent ERAS(the ERAS group)and 327 elderly NSCLC patients who received routine care(the control group)after VATS at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital between May 2015 and April 2017.After propensity score matching of baseline data,we analysed the postoperative stay,total hospital expenses,postoperative 48-h pain score,and postoperative complication rate for the 2 groups of patients who underwent lobectomy or sublobar resection.RESULTS After propensity score matching,ERAS significantly reduced the postoperative hospital stay(6.96±4.16 vs 8.48±4.18 d,P=0.001)and total hospital expenses(48875.27±18437.5 vs 55497.64±21168.63 CNY,P=0.014)and improved the satisfaction score(79.8±7.55 vs 77.35±7.72,P=0.029)relative to those for routine care.No significant between-group difference was observed in postoperative 48-h pain score(4.68±1.69 vs 5.28±2.1,P=0.090)or postoperative complication rate(21.2%vs 27.1%,P=0.371).Subgroup analysis showed that ERAS significantly reduced the postoperative hospital stay and total hospital expenses and increased the satisfaction score of patients who underwent lobectomy but not of patients who underwent sublobar resection.CONCLUSION ERAS effectively reduced the postoperative hospital stay and total hospital expenses and improved the satisfaction score in the perioperative period for elderly NSCLC patients who underwent lobectomy but not for patients who underwent sublobar resection.