Research progress on the regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway in the treatment of prostate cancer by traditional Chinese medicine monomers

The prevalence of prostate cancer in males worldwide is increasing every year.Androgen and androgen receptor drive the development of prostate cancer and are important targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.A growing number of reports indicate that the traditional Chinese medicine has a clear advantage in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.This article provides an overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies of different traditional Chinese medicine monomers acting on the androgen receptor-signaling pathway in prostate cancer.

Alleviatory effect of isoquercetin on benign prostatic hyperplasia via IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway

We evaluated the effect of isoquercetin(quercetin-O-3-glucoside-quercetin,IQ)as a functional component of Abeliophyllum disistichum Nakai ethanol extract(ADLE)on prostate cell proliferation and apoptosis and its effects on the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Metabolites in ADLE were analyzed using UHPLC-qTOF-MS and HPLC.IQ was orally administered(1 or 10 mg/kg)to a testosterone propionate-induced BPH rat model,and its effects on the prostate weight were evaluated.The effect of IQ on androgen receptor(AR)signaling was analyzed in LNCaP cells.Whether IGF-1 and IQ affect the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in BPH-1 cells was also examined.The metabolites in ADLE were identified and quantified,which confirmed that ADLE contained abundant IQ(20.88 mg/g).IQ significantly reduced the prostate size in a concentration-dependent manner in a BPH rat model,and significantly decreased the expression of AR signaling factors in the rat prostate tissue and LNCaP cells in a concentration-dependent manner.IQ also inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activated by IGF-1 treatment in BPH-1 cells.In BPH-1 cells,IQ led to G0/G1 arrest and suppressed the expression of proliferation factors while inducing apoptosis.Thus,IQ shows potential for use as a pharmaceutical and nutraceutical for BPH.

AR信号通路与自噬的相关性在前列腺癌治疗中的应用

雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)信号传导途径在前列腺癌的发生和进展中起重要作用,基于此,临床上多采取抑制AR信号通路的手段治疗前列腺癌。然而,几乎所有患者经过一段时间的治疗后均逃不过转变为去势抵抗性前列腺癌的结局。目前普遍认为是由于AR信号通路的再激活导致了去势抵抗的发生,部分学者近年来发现自噬在前列腺癌的发生、发展中同样扮演着重要角色,自噬的变化与去势抵抗性前列腺癌的发生呈明显的相关性。作者通过总结近年来有关去势抵抗性前列腺癌的发生机制及研究热点,从AR信号通路和自噬的角度综述二者在前列腺癌的发生、发展及治疗等方面的作用和关联性。

E3泛素连接酶接头蛋白SPOP抑制前列腺癌的研究进展

前列腺癌(prostate cancer,Pca)是男性最常见的肿瘤之一,发病率和病死率呈逐年上升趋势,发生发展的遗传因素复杂多样。随着靶向治疗广泛应用于临床,新靶点的探索与研究在Pca的精准治疗中至关重要。研究发现E3泛素连接酶斑点型锌指结构蛋白(speckle-type POZ protein,SPOP)在Pca的发生发展中起重要抑制作用。本文重点介绍SPOP的结构、功能及其在Pca中的突变情况及相关底物;总结SPOP抑制Pca发生发展的分子机制:调控雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)介导的信号通路,DNA损伤修复及免疫应答;探讨SPOP在Pca中的临床意义及研究中存在的机遇与挑战。

从AR/AR-V7信号通路探讨固本清源方联合雄激素剥夺治疗控制去势抵抗性前列腺癌的作用机制

目的:探讨固本清源方联合雄激素剥夺治疗(ADT)控制去势抵抗性前列腺癌作用及其机制。方法:建立去势抵抗性前列腺癌荷瘤小鼠模型,当瘤体体积达到100 mm3时,将50只BALB/c裸鼠随机分为模型组,ADT组,ADT+固本清源方低、中、高剂量组5组,每组10只小鼠,分组后保证各组动物之间,肿瘤体积差异无统计学意义。模型组给予等量生理盐水(10 mL·kg^(-1))灌胃,每日灌胃2次;其余组均给予比卡鲁胺(5 mg·kg^(-1))灌胃,每日1次,第10天腹腔注射醋酸戈舍瑞林(0.36 mg·kg^(-1));固本清源方组在ADT的基础上同时给予固本清源方低、中、高剂量(2.5,25,50 g·kg^(-1))灌胃,每日灌胃2次。连续给药25 d后剥离瘤体组织,记录荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长情况、计算肿瘤抑制率;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)分别检测肿瘤组织中雄激素受体(AR),雄激素受体剪接变异体-7(AR-V7),前列腺癌特异性抗原(PSA)的mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:ADT+固本清源方低、中、高剂量组的抑瘤率分别为27.95%,46.71%,44.46%,与ADT组比较,中、高剂量组抑瘤率明显升高(P<0.05)。进一步研究显示,与ADT组比较ADT+固本清源方中、高剂量组能明显下调AR,AR-V7,PSA的mRNA及蛋白表达水平(P<0.05)。结论:固本清源方联合ADT能控制去势抵抗性前列腺癌荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长,与AR/AR-V7信号通路的调控有关。