Logical Image Acquisition and Analysis of Android Smartphones

Android smartphones largely dominate the smartphone market. For this reason, it is very important to examine these smartphones in terms of digital forensics since they are often used as evidence in trials. It is possible to acquire a physical or logical image of these devices. Acquiring physical and logical images has advantages and disadvantages compared to each other. Creating the logical image is done at the file system level. Analysis can be made on this logical image. Both logical image acquisition and analysis of the image can be done by software tools. In this study, the differences between logical image and physical image acquisition in Android smartphones, their advantages and disadvantages compared to each other, the difficulties that may be encountered in obtaining physical images, which type of image contributes to obtaining more useful and effective data, which one should be preferred for different conditions, and the benefits of having root authority are discussed. The practice of getting the logical image of the Android smartphones and making an analysis on the image is also included. Although root privileges are not required for logical image acquisition, it has been observed that very limited data will be obtained with the logical image created without root privileges. Nevertheless, logical image acquisition has advantages too against physical image acquisition.

Novel Colorimetry-Based Android Smartphone Application for Detection of Ibuprofen

Sensitive and fast detection of ibuprofen( Ibu) in an aquatic environment often requires costly, time-consuming and sophisticated techniques. To tackle those limitations,a novel android smartphone application was developed based on a colorimetric analysis method using unmodified gold nanoparticles( AuNPs)aptamer probes to quantitatively detect Ibu. Under optimal conditions,it could detect Ibu as low as 0. 25 ng/mL with high selectivity. The determination of Ibu in real water samples was also carried out to confirm the practicability of the application.

First results of BDS positioning for LBS applications in the UK

The last satellite of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System with Global Coverage(BDS-3)constellation was successfully launched on June 23rd,2020,and the entire system began to provide Positioning,Navigation,and Timing(PNT)services worldwide.We evaluated the performance of location services using BDS with a smartphone that can track the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)satellites in Nottingham,UK.The static and kinematic experiments were conducted in an open meadow and a lakeside route covered by trees,respectively.Experimental results show that BDS has good visibility,and its overall signal carrier-to-noise density ratio(C/N0)is comparable to that of Global Positioning System(GPS).The average C/N0 of BDS-3 satellites with elevation angles above 45°on B1 band is the highest among all systems,reaching 40.0 dB·Hz.The noise level of the BDS pseudorange measurements is within 0.5 m,and it has a good consistency among satellites.In the static experiment,the standard deviations of BDS position-ing in the east,north and up directions are 1.09,1.16,and 3.02 m,respectively,and the R95 value of the horizontal position is 2.88 m.In harsh environments,the number of BDS satellites tracked by the smartphone is susceptible to environmental factors.The bias Root Mean Squares(RMS)in the three directions of the whole kinematic positioning are 6.83,6.68,11.67 m,in which the positioning bias RMS values in a semi-open environment are only 2.81,1.11,3.29 m.Furthermore,the inclusion of BDS in multiple GNSS systems can significantly improve the positioning precision.This study intends to provide a reference for the further improvements of BDS global PNT services,particularly for Location-Based Services(LBS).