Effects of Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Static Aspiration Combined General Anesthesia on Postoperative Cognitive Function and Psychological State of Elderly Patients with Esophageal Cancer

Objective: To compare the effects of total intravenous anesthesia and static aspiration combined general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function and psychological state of elderly esophageal cancer patients. Methods: From July 2020 to April 2021, 180 elderly patients who underwent radical esophageal cancer surgery in our hospital were randomly divided into 90 cases in the control group and 90 in the observation group. The control group used static aspiration compound general anesthesia, and the patients in the observation group used intravenous anesthesia to compare the cognitive function and psychological state of the two groups of patients. Results: There was no statistical difference in the cognitive function score of patients in the observation group 30 minutes before anesthesia, 1 h and 24 hours after anesthesia compared with that in the control group, P > 0.05;there was no statistical difference between the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores 30 minutes before and 24 hours after anesthesia in the observation group compared with the control group, P > 0.05;the cognitive function score of patients in the observation group of 4 h after surgery and 12 h after operation was significantly higher than that of the control group;the HAMA scores of patients in the observation group of 1 h, 4 h and 12 h after surgery were significantly lower than that of the control group, P Conclusion: The application of total intravenous anesthesia in elderly patients with esophageal cancer surgery can reduce the impact of anesthesia on their cognitive function and psychological state, which is worth popularizing and applying in clinical practice.

Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) for Stiff-Person Syndrome

Stiff-Person syndrome is a rare autoimmune neurologic disorder that affects the central nervous system by inhibiting production of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid. Painful muscle spasms and rigidity are the clinical manifestations of the disease. An ideal anesthetic technique has not been described for this patient population because of the rarity of the disease. This case report describes the successful use of total intravenous anesthesia in a patient with Stiff- Person Syndrome.

Effect of epidural block combined intravenous general anesthesia stress on the stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy

Objective: To investigate the effect of epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia on stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods: In our hospital from July 2016 to June 2017 undergoing radical mastectomy for breast cancer of 88 patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group of 44 cases, 2 patients underwent routine preoperative preparation, and routine blood pressure, heart rate, pulse, oxygen saturation, ECG monitoring, control group with intravenous anesthesia. The observation group was treated with epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia. 2 groups of patients before anesthesia, 30 MIM (T0), 1 h after skin incision (T1), 4 h after operation (T2), 24 h after operation (T3), 48 h after operation (T4) from peripheral venous blood were measured by interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), cortisol (Cor), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), the calculation of CD4+/CD8+ value. Results: the serum IL-8 level of T1, T2, T3and T4 decreased gradually, were lower than at T0, and the control group at each time point had no significant difference, T1, T2, T3group, T4IL-8 levels lower than the control group;the 2 groups of serum IFN-γ levels T1 and T2had no significant change, T3and T4increased gradually, was higher than that of T0, but no significant difference between the 2 groups of IFN-γ levels. 2 serum Cor levels peaked at T1, decreased at T2, was higher than that of T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2Cor level lower than the control group;the serum PRL levels of 2 groups reached a peak at T1, T2, T3at the time of T4decreased gradually, was higher than that of T0, T1, T2, T3of the observation group at the PRL level is lower than the control group;the serum level of GH 2 in group T1increased gradually, reached a peak at T2, T3and T4 decreased gradually, was higher than that of T0, the observation group T1, T2, T3, T4, GH levels lower than the control group. 2 groups of CD3+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, were lower than T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2CD3+ was higher than the control group;group CD4+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, T3and T4were lower than control, T0when, and the observation group CD4+ in T1, T2, T3, T4, no significant changes were observed in group T1, T2, T3, T4and CD4+ higher than that of the control group;the 2 group CD8+ had no obvious changes in T1, T2, T3, T4;observation group CD4+/CD8+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, were lower than T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2CD4+/CD8+ was higher than the control group. Conclusion: epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia for breast cancer radical mastectomy can effectively relieve the stress and inflammatory reaction, alleviate the immunosuppression, and help to restore the postoperative immune function.

Safety and Efficacy of Pediatric General Anesthesia by Laryngeal Mask Airway Without Intravenous Access

The safety and efficacy of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has been reported by numerous large-scale studies. However, they do not address the issue of whether an intravenous (IV) is required for pediatric general anesthesia (GA) where access is challenging due to anatomical considerations and a lack of cooperation. The aims of this study are to determine whether pediatric GA by LMA without IV access affected placement rates, procedure times and rates of anesthetic complications. Children who met these criteria at the UIC Surgicenter in the two year period prior to August 30, 2005 were selected. A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine patient demographics, ASA class, procedure, placement success, IV placed if any, time to incision, and any anesthetic complications. 241 patients without IV access and 41 patients with IV access were included. No significant differences were found between the groups in the rates of LMA placement or anesthetic complications. Significant differences were found in times to incision overall and for ophthalmology exams under anesthesia and lacrimal duct probings. Pediatric GA by LMA without IV access demonstrated a similarly high placement rate, shorter procedure times and a low rate of complications in comparison with the control group.

Uncontrolled high blood pressure under total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil:A case report

BACKGROUND Although propofol generally reduces blood pressure,rarely,it causes hypertension.However,the mechanism by which propofol increases blood pressure has not been established,and so far,there are only a few reported cases.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old woman,diagnosed with thyroid cancer,was administered general anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil for a thyroid lobectomy.An increase in the concentrations of intravenous anesthetics further increased her blood pressure.The blood pressure remained stable when anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and remifentanil after the interruption of propofol administration.CONCLUSION We concluded that propofol administration was the cause of increased blood pressure.

Effect of propofol intravenous anesthesia on hemorheology, hemodynamics and immune function in patients with colorectal cancer after radical operation

Objective:To investigate the effect of Propofol Intravenous Anesthesia on hemorheology, hemodynamics and immune function in patients with colorectal cancer after radical operation.Method: A total of 100 patients with colorectal cancer treated in our hospital from September 2015 to August 2017 were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to random number table. The control group was inhaled sevoflurane anesthesia, observation group propofol intravenous anesthesia. The changes of hemorheology, hemodynamics and immune function were compared between the two groups.Results: There was no significant difference in hemorheology index, hemodynamic index, T lymphocyte subsets CD45RA+, CD45RO+, CD45RA+/CD45RO+ levels between the two groups before anesthesia. Anesthesia 1.5 h after, the levels of LBV, HBV, PV, EAI and EDI in the two groups were significantly decreased, but there was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group. At 1.5 h after anesthesia induction, the HR and SBP levels of the observation group did not change significantly compared with anesthesia before, while the HR and SBP levels of the 1.5 h after anesthesia induction in the control group were significantly lower than those before anesthesia and significantly lower than the corresponding level HR level (86.43±13.25) times/min, SBP level (110.84±15.41) mmHg in the observation group. At the end of surgery, the levels of CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ in the observation group were significantly decreased, but increased at 72 h after operation.Conclusion: After operation, CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ levels in the control group were significantly decreased, and preoperatively, which can significantly improve the hemorheology and reduced hemodynamic effects, and contribute to the recovery of patients with immune function, is worth clinical promotion.

Effect of epidural anesthesia combined with total intravenous anesthesia on stress response and coagulation function in and after laparoscopic surgery

Objective:To study the effect of epidural anesthesia combined with total intravenous anesthesia on stress response and coagulation function in and after laparoscopic surgery. Methods: A total of 219 cases of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital between August 2014 and February 2017 were collected and divided into control group (n=125) who accepted total intravenous anesthesia alone and observation group (n=94) who accepted epidural anesthesia combined with total intravenous anesthesia after the anesthesia scheme was reviewed. Perioperative stress response and coagulation function were compared between two groups of patients.Results: Before operation, differences in the serum stress index contents and peripheral blood coagulation index levels were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. In operation and 2 h after operation, serum stress indexes Cor, Ang-Ⅰ, Ang-Ⅱ and NE contents of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group;peripheral blood coagulation indexes PT, TT and APTT levels were significantly higher than those of control group while TXA2, TXB2 and FBG levels were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusions: Epidural anesthesia combined with total intravenous anesthesia can effectively alleviate the systemic stress response and reduce the hypercoagulable state in and early after laparoscopic surgery.

Effect of intravenous inhalational anesthesia under Narcotrend monitor on the systemic traumatic reaction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objective:To study the effect of intravenous inhalational anesthesia under Narcotrend monitor on the systemic traumatic reaction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods:A total of 116 patients with gallstone who received laparoscopic surgery in our hospital between July 2012 and April 2016 were collected and divided into the combined anesthesia group (n=65) who accepted intravenous inhalational anesthesia under Narcotrend monitor and the intravenous anesthesia group (n=51) who accepted total intravenous anesthesia after the anesthesia methods and relevant test results were reviewed. 1 d after operation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of pain mediators and inflammation mediators;automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the levels of oxidative stress indexes.Results:1 d after operation, serum pain mediators 5-HT, PGE2, NO and HT levels of observation group were lower than those of control group;serum oxidation indexes AOPPs and LHP levels of observation group were lower than those of control group while anti-oxidation indexes CAT and GSH-Px levels were higher than those of control group;serum pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8 and CRP levels of observation group were lower than those of control group while anti-inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were higher than those of control group.Conclusion:Intravenous inhalational anesthesia under Narcotrend monitor can reduce the postoperative systemic traumatic reaction degree in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Differences in the effects of intravenous inhalational anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia on the systemic traumatic response after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objective: To study the effect of intravenous inhalational anesthesia under monitoring on systemic traumatic response after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: A total of 80 cases of patients with chronic cholecystitis who received laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital between June 2016 and October 2016 were collected and divided into the control group who accepted total intravenous anesthesia and the observation group who accepted intravenous inhalational anesthesia after the anesthesia methods were reviewed. 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after operation, the RIA method was adopted to determine the serum contents of pain mediators, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine serum levels of inflammatory factors and stress hormones, and auto-coagulation analyzer was used to detect the plasma contents of coagulation function indexes. Results: 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after operation, serum pain mediators 5-HT, β-EP and NPY levels of observation group were lower than those of control group, inflammatory factors hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were lower than those of control group, and stress hormones Cor, ALD and NE levels were lower than those of control group;plasma coagulation function indexes TXB2, D-D and PLT levels of observation group were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Intravenous inhalational anesthesia under monitoring can reduce the systemic traumatic reaction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and has positive clinical significance.

Effects of intravenous inhalational anesthesia on the hemodynamic homeostasis as well as postoperative brain function and Th1/Th2 immunity in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture

Objective: To explore the effects of intravenous inhalational anesthesia on the hemodynamic homeostasis as well as postoperative brain function and Th1/Th2 immunity in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. Methods: A total of 176 elderly patients with femoral neck fracture who received hip replacement in our hospital between July 2016 and June 2017 were divided into the total intravenous anesthesia group (n=86) and the intravenous inhalational anesthesia group (n=90) according to the anesthesia solution. The differences in introperative hemodynamic parameter levels as well as postoperative brain function index and Th1/Th2 cytokine contents were compared between the two groups. Results: During operation, hemodynamic parameters MAP and HR levels in intravenous inhalational anesthesia group were lower than those in total intravenous anesthesia group. 24 h after operation, serum brain function indexes MBP, S100B and NSE contents in intravenous inhalational anesthesia group were lower than those in total intravenous anesthesia group;serum Th1 cytokines IFN-γand IL-2 contents were higher than those in total intravenous anaesthesia group whereas Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 contents were lower than those in total intravenous anesthesia group. Conclusion: The intravenous inhalational anesthesia can effectively stabilize the intraoperative hemodynamics and reduce the postoperative brain function and Th1/Th2 immune function injury in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture.

Postoperative Analgesia and Cesarean Section under General Anesthesia: Multicenter Study

Background: Neuraxial anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is the reference technique in cesarean section anesthesia for the management of postoperative analgesia. If there is a contraindication to this, general anesthesia is required. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of 4 analgesic techniques performed during cesarean section under general anesthesia in two centers with different anesthetic practices (North Franche Comté Hospital and Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital). Method: This is a retrospective and descriptive study over 2 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. It involved evaluating the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of morphine in the epidural catheter, wound infiltration, intravenous analgesia and Transversus Abdominous Plane block (TAP block) from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) until the 4th post-operative day. Results: Of the 354 cesarean sections performed, 84 (11.14%) received general anesthesia. The average age was 32.27 years. Acute fetal distress was the first indication for cesarean section (45.2%), followed by hemorrhagic placenta previa (10.7%) and prolapse of the cord (8.33%). Morphine in the epidural catheter was the most used (47.6%) followed by parietal infiltration (36.9%), intravenous analgesia (13.1%) and TAP block (2.38%). The analgesic effectiveness was comparable between the techniques from postoperative day 0 to day 4. No difference in side effects. Postoperative morphine consumption was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) in the infiltration (9 mg) and TAP block (9mg) groups compared to the epidural catheter (16 mg) and intravenous analgesia (17 mg). No difference in 02 rehabilitation criteria (ambulation, first bowel movement). No difference in the occurrence of chronic pain. Conclusion: In the event of a cesarean section under general anesthesia, there are effective and well-tolerated alternatives to neuraxial anesthesia, particularly regional anesthesia techniques (nerve blocks), particularly in countries with low availability of morphine.

A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF THE PROPOFOL VERSUS MIDAZOLAM DURING TOTAL INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA FOR GYNECOLOGICAL SURGERY PR

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Pain and immune function in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery following stellate ganglion block with total intravenous anesthesia

BACKGROUND Stellate ganglion block is a commonly used sympathetic nerve block technique that restores the balance of the sympathetic and vagal nervous systems of the body and inhibits sympathetic nerve activity.AIM To analyze the effect of a stellate ganglion block combined with total diploma intravenous anesthesia on postoperative pain and immune function in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastric cancer(GC)surgery to provide a refe-rence basis for the formulation of anesthesia protocols for radical GC surgery.METHODS This study included 112 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical surgery for GC between January 2022 and March 2024.There was no restriction on sex.The patient grouping method used was a digital random table method,and the num-ber of cases in each group was 56.The control group was administered total intravenous anesthesia,and the observation group compounded the stellate gan-glion block according to the total intravenous anesthesia protocol.Postoperative hemodynamics,pain levels,and immune indices were compared between the groups.RESULTS The heart rate and mean arterial pressure in the observation group after in-tubation were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Pain levels were compared between the two groups at 2 hours,12 hours,24 hours,and 48 hours after surgery(P>0.05).The number of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+cells at the end of surgery was higher in the observation group than in the control group,and the number of CD8+cells was lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of propofol dosage,awakening time,extubation time,or postoperative adverse reactions(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The application of a stellate ganglion block combined with total intravenous anesthesia had no significant effect on postoperative pain levels in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical GC surgery.However,it can safely reduce the effect of surgery on the immune function of patients and is worth applying in clinical practice.

Oral Glucose Combined with Short-Term Intravenous Nutrition for the Prevention of Hypoglycemia after Painless Endoscopic Gastric Polypectomy

Objective: To explore the application effect of oral glucose combined with short-term intravenous nutrition in preventing postoperative hypoglycemia after painless endoscopic gastric polyp resection, and to provide guidance for better management of patients undergoing such procedures. Methods: A total of 886 patients who underwent painless endoscopic gastric polyp resection in the Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, from January 2020 to December 2021, were selected as the study subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 443 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were subjected to routine fasting and water restriction for 8 hours before surgery, and routine fasting for 24 hours after surgery. Short-term intravenous nutrition support was provided through fluid supplementation, and finger blood glucose levels were monitored at 1 hour, 4 hours, and 8 hours after completion of intravenous infusion, or when symptoms such as palpitations and cold sweats occurred. The experimental group received oral administration of 5% glucose solution (500 ml) 2 hours before surgery based on the procedures of the control group. The incidence of preoperative discomfort (hunger, thirst, and fatigue), residual gastric fluid volume, and postoperative hypoglycemia were compared between the two groups. Results: The incidence of postoperative blood glucose Conclusion: Based on the study population, oral glucose combined with short-term intravenous nutrition can effectively prevent the incidence of hypoglycemia in patients undergoing painless endoscopic gastric polyp resection. However, due to the limitations of a single-center study and a small number of cases, its feasibility needs to be further validated with more data from multi-center and large-sample cases.

Anesthesia management in a pediatric patient with Becker muscular dystrophy undergoing laparoscopic surgery:A case report

BACKGROUND Patients with Becker muscular dystrophy(BMD)have a high risk of developing hyperkalemia,rhabdomyolysis,and malignant hyperthermia when exposed to volatile anesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants.Patients with BMD are also prone to respiratory depression after general anesthesia.Thus,it is extremely challenging for anesthesiologists to manage anesthesia in BMD patients,particularly in pediatric BMD patients.Here,we present successful anesthesia management using transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)combined with total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA)in a pediatric BMD patient undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.CASE SUMMARY A 2-year-old boy,weighing 15 kg,with BMD,was scheduled for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.TIVA was used for induction,and continuous infusions of short-acting intravenous anesthetics combined with TAPB were performed for anesthesia maintenance.Moreover,TAPB provided good postoperative analgesia.The patient underwent uneventful surgery and anesthesia,and over the 17 mo follow-up period showed no anesthesia-induced complications.CONCLUSION TAPB combined with TIVA,using short-acting intravenous anesthetic agents,can provide safe and effective anesthesia management in pediatric BMD patients undergoing short-term abdominal surgery.

Effects of different anesthesia depth on the level of plasma cortisol during operation and the score of postoperative MMSE in elderly patients with radical operation for gastric carcinoma

Objective:To observe the effects of different anesthesia depths on the level of plasma cortisol during operation and the score of postoperative MMSE in elderly patients underwent radical gastrectomy.Methods: A total of eighty seven elderly patients undergoing radical gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. Continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil for anesthesia and maintenance of propofol were divided into two groups: BIS-I (BIS: 45-55) and BIS-II (BIS: 55-65) by adusting the doses of propofol. The data were recorded as following, thewhole dosage of propofol, the time of extubation and the score of VAS. The level of plasma cortisol was finished at the time of incision and tracheal intubation. MMSE scores were recorded on the day before operation and follow-up at 3 and 7 d postoperatively. Record the patient's operation to discharge time, postoperative complications.Results: The concentration of cortisol in BIS-I group was higher than that in BIS-II group. There was no significant difference in extubation time, extubation VAS score and MMSE score after operation.Conclusion:There were no significant differences in the BIS values between 45 and 65 for the elderly patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery, and there were no significant differences in the patients' postoperative stress, wake, extubation, early postoperative pain scores and postoperative cognitive function. BIS values in 45-55 compared to 55-65 patients with low plasma cortisol levels may be associated with better control of stress levels, to maintain the BIS value between 45-55 anesthesia depths is more reasonable.

MANUDUCTION OF ADHESIVE ANKYLOSIS OF THE KNEE UNDER ANESTHESIA

This paper reports 60 cases of adhesive ankylosis of the knee treated by manuduction under anesthesia. Excellent and good effects were achieved in 50 cases (83%), and normal function of the knee joint was maintained in 35 of the 40 cases followed up for more than one year.

Effects of controlled ventilation and positioning on cardiopulmonary function in horses anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia using a drug combination of medetomidine,lidocaine,butorphanol and propofol (MLBP-TIVA)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of controlled ventilation and positioning on cardiopulmonary function in horses anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia using a drug combination of medetomidine,lidocaine,butorphanol and propofol (MLBP-TIVA).Five healthy adult horses were anesthetized with MLBP-TIVA for 2-hours on 3-occasions at 4-week interval. In each occasion,horses were anesthetized in lateral recumbency with (CV-LR-group) or without controlled ventilation (SB-LRgroup) or in dorsal recumbency with controlled ventilation (CV-DR-group). Anesthesia was induced with lidocaine (1mg/kg: IV) and propofol (3 mg/kg: IV) following premedications with medetomidine (0. 005 mg/kg: IV) and butorphanol (0. 02 mg/kg: IV),and then maintained by constant rate infusions of propofol (6 mg/kg/hr),medetomidine (0. 0035 mg/kg/h),lidocaine (3 mg/kg/h) and butorphanol (0. 024 mg/kg/h). All horses breathed 100% oxygen during anesthesia. In the CV-groups,horses were mechanically ventilated to maintain arterial CO2pressure (PaCO2)within 40 ~ 50 mmHg. Cardiopulmonary parameters were compared between groups using repeated-measures ANOVA.The level of significance was set at P 【 0. 05.In the SB-LR group,cardiovascular parameters were maintained within acceptable ranges (heart rate: 37 ~ 39beats/min,mean arterial blood pressure: 109 ~ 115 mmHg,mean pulmonary arterial pressure [MPAP]: 28 ~ 29 mmHg,mean right atrial pressure [MRAP]: 19 ~ 21 mmHg,cardiac output: 27 ~ 30 L/min) but severe hypercapnia with insufficient oxygenation (PaCO283 ~ 103 mmHg,arterial O2pressure [PaO2]155 ~171 mmHg) was observed. Cardiopulmonary parameters were maintained with acceptable ranges in the both CV groups. In the CV-LR group,significant decreases in heart rate (29 ~ 31 beats/min,P = 0. 020),cardiac output (17 ~ 21 L/min,P = 0. 005) and PaCO2 (42 ~50 mmHg,P =0. 001) and a significant increase in PaO2 (395 ~419 mmHg,P =0. 005) were observed compared to the SB-group. In the CV-DR group,MPAP (18 ~ 20 mmHg,P = 0. 001),MRAP (15 ~ 17 mmHg,P =0. 003) and PaO2 (171 ~301 mmHg,P =0. 043) were significantly decreased compared to the CV-LR-group.Cardiovascular functions were well maintained in horses during MLBP-TIVA. Controlled ventilation was useful for improving hypercapnia and oxygenation. It is thought that MLBP-TIVA preserves cardiovascular function and provides compensation for decreased preload in horses positioned in dorsal recumbency.

NEURO-INDOCRINAL CHANGES DURING ACUPUNCTURE OR GENERAL ANESTHESIA FOR CRANIOCEREBRAL OPERATIONS

This study compared the hemodynamic changes during acupuncture anesthesiaand N2O-O2-enflurane inhalating anesthesia for craniotomy with impedance cardiography.