Occurrence and Epidemic Dynamics and Accurate Prevention and Control of Important Sugarcane Pests and Diseases in the Sugarcane Areas of Yunnan

Based on investigation and research, according to the current actual production of sugarcane, the occurrence dynamics and outbreak causes of important pests and diseases that seriously affect sugarcane production were summarized, and accurate and efficient green prevention and control technology was put forward according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of important pests and diseases, such as strengthening sugarcane introduction and quarantine, breeding and selecting varieties resistant to diseases and pests, promoting the use of detoxified healthy seedlings vigorously, applying lamp trapping technology on a large scale, scientifically guiding and promoting biological prevention and control technology, practically promoting the precise and efficient application of slow-release long- acting and low toxic pesticides, strengthening field management, spraying pesticides in time at the early stage of a disease, and doing a good job of monitoring and emergency prevention and control of sudden pests.

Microecological Prevention and Control Technology of Facility Strawberry Continuous Cropping Diseases and Its Application Effects

In order to actively develop green ecological strawberry, the authors have studied integrated microecological prevention and control technologies of strawberry continuous cropping diseases, including increasing soil biomass and solar high temperature disinfection during strawberry greenhouse leisure period in summer, biological fertilizer (agent) treatment before colonization, root irrigation treatment with biocontrol agent, as well as appropriate amount of fulvic acid and cytex after colonization, forming a supporting technical system for the microecological prevention and control of soil-borne diseases in facilities. The demonstration application in production shows that the technology has the functions of restoring and enhancing soil biological fertility, enriching beneficial microbial flora, antagonizing harmful bacteria, significantly promoting the growth and development of strawberry, reducing the incidence of soil-borne diseases, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, promoting the early ripening and high yield of strawberry, significantly improving the quality and flavor of strawberry, reducing the risk of pesticide residues, and boosting consumer confidence, which further improves the economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit, with good application prospect in production.

Discussion on Relationship between Meteorological Elements and Animal Husbandry Production or Animal Disease Prevention and Control

Based on knowledge of meteorology, pastoral meteorology and medical meteorology, the paper discusses relationship between various meteorological elements and animal husbandry production or animal disease prevention and control.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control of Major Sugarcane Diseases and Pests in Low Latitude Plateau

This research was aimed at the defects in traditional artificial spraying control method and the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle and late stage of sugarcane high stalk crops.The aerial pesticide application technology for sugarcane main diseases and pests was systematically developed and demonstrated from the aspects of aircraft type choice,selection of special pesticides and auxiliaries,integration of pesticides and equipment,field operation,technical specifications,and large-scale application organization mode.The UAV model and flight technical parameters suitable for the sugarcane planting area in low-latitude plateau were analyzed,and the optimal agent formulation combination and application technology of the UAV flight control were screened out,and the UAV flight control was applied to the major sugarcane pests and diseases control in the low-latitude plateau in large scale(UAV flight control was popularized and applied to 15 527 hm 2 in 2018).The research results provided mature whole-process technical support for the normalization of the application of the UVA flight control of major sugarcane pests and diseases.The UAV control technology for major sugarcane pests and diseases had the advantages of ultra-low pesticides applying dosage and high operating efficiency,and could effectively solve the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle late growth stage of high stalk crops.This technology successfully opened up a simple,efficient and new way for the effective control of major sugarcane pests and diseases,and practically accelerated the process of integrated control and prevention of sugarcane pests and diseases.In addition,this technology had an extremely significant effect on reducing the loss of sugarcane farmers and enterprises caused by the epidemic and outbreak of sugarcane pests and diseases,increasing sugarcane yield and sugar content.At the same time,this technology played an important role in realizing the whole-process precise control of sugarcane pests and diseases,improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of sugarcane,and guaranteeing the national sugar safety.

Technical Studies of Controlling Jujube Witches Broom Disease with Resistant Rootstock

[Objectives]The paper was to screen and identify the control effect of resistant rootstock on jujube witches broom disease.[Methods]The seeds or branches of disease-free plants were collected from wild jujube bushes infected by witches broom disease,and 5434 seedlings were obtained by sowing or cutting.The virus was inoculated by grafting diseased bark.After 6 years of preliminary screening,40 plants with resistance to jujube witches broom disease were obtained.Taking these resistant plants as the rootstocks,the susceptible variety‘long red jujube’was grafted at a height of 40 cm.When the plants grew to appropriate thickness,diseased bark was grafted to‘long red jujube’and rootstock to transmit the virus.After 18 years of observation and judgment,4 rootstock strains with high resistance or immunity to jujube witches broom disease were finally determined,namely 90801,90803,90806 and 908011.The susceptible variety‘long red jujube’was grafted to 4 rootstocks and inoculated the virus through diseased bark grafting method.[Results]The resistant rootstock had obvious disease resistance effect.When the branches of 90801 and 90803 rootstocks were grafted to the trunk of diseased trees,the symptoms of jujube witches broom disease gradually alleviated till disappeared.[Conclusions]Using germplasm with high resistance or immunity to jujube witches broom disease as rootstock can effectively prevent the spread of jujube witches broom disease,and bridging the trunk of diseased trees with branches from resistant rootstock has certain therapeutic effect.

新形势下疾病预防控制信息化需求及应用场景分析

目的/意义探讨新兴信息技术催生的疾病预防控制信息化新需求、新场景,为信息技术与疾病预防控制体系现代化建设深度融合提供参考。方法/过程分析新兴信息技术在电子病历与疾病报告智能化解析、区域症候群监测、大规模疾病排查与辅助流行病学调查、多渠道监测预警、卫生应急状态下便携式单兵通信等多方面的探索性应用,阐释尚未形成体系的原因。结果/结论提出未来现代化疾病预防控制信息化发展建议,为提升公共卫生服务能力、创新业务变革提供技术支撑。

新冠疫情防控下手足口病肠道病毒的流行特征及变迁趋势

针对2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情,在早期缺乏有效药物干预的情况下,大多数国家都采取了疫情防控措施,该措施的实施导致人们生活及行为方式的改变,减轻了COVID-19的传播.然而,这一策略对其他常见传染病的影响尚不清楚.本文通过分析疫情防控下手足口病肠道病毒的流行及变迁趋势,阐明实施疫情防控措施在减少手足口病肠道病毒流行方面非常有效,并对其基因变迁产生明显影响;探讨免疫力缺失和传染性疾病暴发之间的关系,提示疫情期间由于人们缺乏暴露于各种传染性病原体的机会导致免疫力缺失,未来可能出现多种传染病的共同流行,可为疫情大流行后常见及新发传染病的监测和防控、抗病毒药物和疫苗的研究提供启发.

高职院校养禽与禽病防控技术课程“思专创”三融合课堂革命探索与实践

为解决课程思政教学“生硬”与创新实践教育“薄弱”问题,实现“互联网+”时代信息化课堂教育与传统课堂教育的优势互补,提升课堂品质,建设高效课堂,以高职院校养禽与禽病防控技术课程为例,通过创新教学模式、组建校企结构化教师团队、优化整合教学内容、丰富教学资源、完善多元化评价体系等方面进行探索和实践。建立了基于国家职业教育智慧教育平台和学银在线平台的“思专创”三融合线上线下混合式教学模式,打破教学时空界限,构建学习共同体,打造乐学空间,激发学生学习的内驱力,培养创新能力和创业意识。“思专创”融合的线上线下混合式教学模式可引领课堂革命,为丰富职业教育“课堂革命”实践及培养强农兴农、乡村振兴高素质高技术技能型人才塑造了典型案例。

动物莱姆病诊断与防治技术研究进展

莱姆病(Lyme disease)又名伯氏疏螺旋体病,是20世纪70年代发现的以蜱为传播媒介,由不同基因型伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)感染所致的人兽共患自然疫源性疾病,主要流行于温带和亚热带地区,犬、猫、马、牛、鹿等多种动物易感,人也是该病原菌的易感宿主。人患莱姆病时的主要症状为游走性红斑、关节炎和其他神经系统症状。患病动物常表现的症状是蜱叮咬部位被毛脱落、发热、蹄叶炎、跛行等。莱姆病流行广泛,但是诊断较为困难并极易造成误诊和漏诊。为避免莱姆病对畜牧业以及宠物行业造成不利影响,亟需提高对莱姆病的关注。因此,本文对动物莱姆病及其诊断和防治技术的研究进展进行综述,以期为动物莱姆病的准确、快速诊断和防治提供参考。

基于Android的果树病虫害信息推送系统的设计

针对果树病虫害防控关键时期,结合个性化推送技术,提出了病虫害防控信息推送机制,探讨了信息服务推送的技术关键。本系统采用B/S架构,搭建了My Eclipse开发环境,采用JAVA开发语言进行设计,制定了果树病虫害防控方案,按果树栽培品种、管理关键时期等有针对性的推送病虫害防治信息。实现了"信息找人"的服务方式,为用户提供个性化的主动信息服务,该系统具有服务精准、信息生动等特点。

我国托幼机构儿童传染病防控研究进展

儿童是传染病的高发群体,而托幼机构又是儿童发生传染病传播和流行的主要场所。传染病具有突发性、传染性、流行性和不可预见性等特点,一旦传染病在幼儿园暴发,将严重影响托幼机构的教学秩序,甚至进一步扩大形成某个地区乃至全国或全球的疾病,给孩子、家庭、社会造成较大的影响,成为全国乃至全球性的公共卫生问题。文章通过梳理我国托幼机构儿童传染病的流行现状和研究进展,分别从病原体检测手段、防控法律制度和协同防控体系现状与存在的不足来阐述我国在托幼机构儿童传染病防治研究方面取得的进展,旨在对我国新时期托幼机构儿童传染病防控工作提供参考。

2019—2021年某中医医院传染病报告分析与管理

目的分析某中医医院法定和其他重点监测传染病报告情况,为规范开展医院传染病报告和制定医院传染病报告管理策略提供参考。方法对2019—2021年某中医医院传染病报告数据进行描述性分析。结果2019—2021年某中医医院共报告法定和其他重点监测传染病6865例次,无甲类传染病报告,其中乙类传染病668例次(9.73%),丙类传染病5356例次(78.02%),其他重点监测传染病841例次(12.25%)。排名前5位的传染病分别是流行性感冒、水痘、梅毒、其他感染性腹泻病和肺结核,其中报告病例最多的流行性感冒,在报告时间上每年传染病报告例次数居首位的是第一季度。2019—2021年某中医医院法定和其他重点监测传染病报告例次数呈下降趋势。结论2019—2021年某中医医院法定和其他重点监测传染病报告以呼吸道传染病为主,应根据不同季节、疾病流行趋势,采取有针对性的传染病监测、防控策略。

林业病虫害防治技术及应用研究

病虫害防治是林业建设的重要内容。倘若任由病虫害蔓延,势必会严重破坏森林资源。因此,为了保障区域林业资源健康稳定发展,必须制定长期有效的病虫害防治战略,构建全面性、系统性、科学性的防治体系,及时引进先进防治理念和技术。基于此,对当下地区林业病虫害防治状况进行研究、整理和分析,阐述了林业病虫害的主要类型、成因以及病虫害防治的重要价值,并从物理防治、化学防治、生物防治、病虫害监测等多个方面提出一些林业病虫害防治技术应用策略,以最大程度地消除林业病虫害隐患,为相关工作人员提供理论参考。

信阳茶园病虫害发生规律及绿色防控对策

2023年3—7月通过走访调查了解了信阳茶园病虫害发生规律和病虫害防控现状,分析了当前茶园病虫害防控存在栽培管理粗放,病虫害防控措施不力;茶农绿色防控意识不强;缺乏从事绿色防控技术的专业技术人才;小规模的茶叶生产模式转型升级难等问题。针对这些问题,从加强技术指导与培训工作;加强绿色防控宣传引导,培育示范企业,发挥领头作用;加强引进和培育茶园管理绿色防控技术专业人员;政府出台相应政策,增加资金投入,支持生态茶园建设等方面提出了相应对策。

陕西省动物疫病防控和信息化建设

针对目前动物疫病防控现状和非洲猪瘟等重大疫病、布鲁氏菌病等人畜共患病防控中暴露出的主要问题,结合陕西省动物防疫和检疫工作的实际,提出了动物疫病防控信息化建设的对策,以《动物防疫法》中的动物疫病防控制度要求为主线,依托“陕西动物卫生监督管理平台”“陕西智慧动监微信公众号”和“陕西动物检疫证明出证系统”,以“检疫出证”为抓手,建设管理相对人和畜禽运输车辆备案、动物追溯、动物检疫流程、指定通道和落地监管等5个管理系统,建立动物防疫与检疫相关联的工作机制,在一定程度上解决目前动物疫病防控中管理相对人责任落实不到位、动物疫病工作人员力量不足的问题,以期实现对动物养殖、运输和屠宰全链条信息化监管,并逐步转向数据化、智慧化监管,为动物疫病防控提供参考。

灵台县小麦高发病虫害绿色防控技术

灵台县是农业产出大县,小麦是主要粮食作物之一。小麦栽培时,病虫害防治是一项非常关键的工作,将绿色防控技术应用于小麦病虫害防治中,有助于减少农药残留,提高小麦产量及品质,推动当地绿色农业发展。对小麦常见病虫害绿色防控技术要点展开了深入探讨。

吐鲁番市设施蔬菜病虫害发生特点及绿色防控技术

吐鲁番市大力发展设施农业,设施种植面积扩大和生产周期延长,随着设施种植年限增加和四季周而复始地生产,设施蔬菜病虫害种类增加,发生程度呈逐年上升态势,设施蔬菜病虫害对设施蔬菜产量和品质产生严重影响。为了缓解病虫害对吐鲁番市设施蔬菜产业的影响,通过调查和总结吐鲁番市设施蔬菜病虫害发生特点及规律,有针对性地提出农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治等绿色防控技术措施。

家禽养殖场预防台风暴雨及抗灾自救策略

台风、暴雨等极端天气会对家禽业造成严重危害,出现养殖环境污染、疫病高发、防疫工作严峻等问题,必须给予高度重视,采取行之有效的措施,加强科学指导与饲养管理,从消灭病原体、杜绝传播途径、消除致病因素三方面入手,建立家禽疫情防御体系。为此,针对近些年台风对我国家禽产业造成的严重影响,通过查阅文献材料、结合现场工作实践,综述台风灾害对家禽生产的危害,提出一套预防台风暴雨及抗灾自救措施,希望能对家禽养殖从业者开展台风暴雨预防及抗灾自救工作提供技术支持。

扬州综合医院急诊应对新型冠状病毒感染“三级分诊与三级缓冲”模式的构建与实施

2021年7月底扬州市区出现新型冠状病毒感染病例,扬州大学附属苏北人民医院作为本地三级综合医院,其急诊科迅速启动“三级分诊、三级缓冲”管理模式,包括合理规划分诊流程,通过三级预检分诊模式对所有急诊患者进行流行病学调查及新型冠状病毒感染疑似病例筛查;通过调整科室布局及功能分区,多部门联防联控,将急诊隔离抢救室-缓冲病区-专科单间病房充分联动,形成三级缓冲救治模式。以上管理模式有助于优化管控流程,建立安全屏障,对高效甄别、救治、分流急诊患者起积极作用,减少医院感染风险,为综合医院急诊疫情防控工作提供建议和指导。

浅谈甘肃造林技术与林业病虫害防治

为确保高质量完成林业病虫害防治工作任务,提升甘肃地区造林质量和效率,该文针对甘肃造林技术与林业病虫害防治开展讨论,并对造林技术与林业病虫害防治工作进行分析,以期为预防和控制林业病虫害的发生、合理改善生态环境、促进农林经济可持续稳健发展提供参考。