Although the animal models of hepatic fibrosis developed by former researchers have pathological changes of hepatic fibrosis, they do not include charac- teristics of important TCM syndromes such as stagnation of qi, ...Although the animal models of hepatic fibrosis developed by former researchers have pathological changes of hepatic fibrosis, they do not include charac- teristics of important TCM syndromes such as stagnation of qi, deficiency of qi, liver depression, phlegm-dampness and blood stasis because of single-factor model- ing. Animal models of hepatic fibrosis and animal models integrated disease and syndrome were reviewed, and several new types of integrated disease and syndrome animal models constructed by multiple-factor modeling method were evaluated, under the guidance of etiological theory of TCM. This kind of hepatic fibrosis model animals has dual characteristics of disease and syndrome. It is consistent with pathological characteristics of hepatic fibrosis in western medicine when replicating the basic characteristics accorded with TCM syndrome. Thus, the pathogenesis and pathogenic process of clinical disease and syndrome formation is simulated more ac- curately, providing a new platform and pathway for studying hepatic fibrosis disease with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.展开更多
Objective:To explore the feasibility of establishing the disease-syndrome combined animal model for immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)without additional conditions.Methods:Three batches of data related to the ITP mo...Objective:To explore the feasibility of establishing the disease-syndrome combined animal model for immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)without additional conditions.Methods:Three batches of data related to the ITP model mice obtained by replication at different time were analyzed,and whether the APS-injected model mice replicated through the passive immune modeling method could simulate the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of human ITP was evaluated according to the differentiation criteria for diseasesyndrome combined model.Results:The APS-injected replicated ITP model mice possessed the following traits:(1)Compared with the normal group,the platelet count was significantly decreased,and coagulation time was significantly increased in the model group(P<.01).(2)Compared with the normal group,the medullary thrombocytogenous megakaryocytes were significantly decreased(P<.05,.01,.001).(3)The APS-injected sites and other parts of the model mice had spontaneous hemorrhage.(4)Behavioral changing signs were observed 1 week after the modeling(i.e.low activity,delayed activity,poor appetite,skin petechia/hemorrhage and spontaneous hemorrhage at the injected sites or other parts),and were getting more and more severe.Conclusion:According to the syndrome differentiation criteria for disease-syndrome combined model of ITP,the APS-injected animal model of ITP replicated through the passive immune modeling method without additional conditions possesses the characteristics of disease-syndrome combined model.It provides an ideal tool for the development of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology experiment.展开更多
Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease(PH-LHD) is regarded as the most prevalent form of pulmonary hypertension(PH). Indeed, PH is an independent risk factor and predicts adverse prognosis for patients with ...Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease(PH-LHD) is regarded as the most prevalent form of pulmonary hypertension(PH). Indeed, PH is an independent risk factor and predicts adverse prognosis for patients with left heart disease(LHD). Clinically, there are no drugs or treatments that directly address PH-LHD, and treatment of LHD alone will not also ameliorate PH. To target the underlying physiopathological alterations of PH-LHD and to develop novel therapeutic approaches for this population, animal models that simulate the pathophysiology of PH-LHD are required. There are several available models for PH-LHD that have been successfully employed in rodents or large animals by artificially provoking an elevated pressure load on the left heart, which by transduction elicits an escalated pressure in pulmonary artery. In addition, metabolic derangement combined with aortic banding or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist is also currently applied to reproduce the phenotype of PH-LHD. As of today, none of the animal models exactly recapitulates the condition of patients with PH-LHD. Nevertheless, the selection of an appropriate animal model is essential in basic and translational studies of PH-LHD. Therefore, this review will summarize the characteristics of each PH-LHD animal model and discuss the advantages and limitations of the different models.展开更多
The prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia is a hot and difficult point in clinical research and animal experimental research in the cardiovascular field.The combined disease and syndrome animal model with th...The prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia is a hot and difficult point in clinical research and animal experimental research in the cardiovascular field.The combined disease and syndrome animal model with the disease characteristics of Western medicine and guided by the theory of Chinese medicineto replicate the"syndrome"of Chinese medicine on the model animals by using experimental methods is an effective tool for the research of Chinese medicine.This article summarized the methoding methods and evaluation index of the animal model combined disease of coronary heart disease myocardial ischemia with cold blood stasis,phlegm and blood stasis,qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,kidney deficiency and blood stasis,and concluded the treatment of Traditional Chinese medicine.At the same time,it analyzed the main deficiencies of myocardial ischemia syndrome combined with animal models to provide reference for the establishment and research of related animal models.展开更多
AIM: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by visceral hypersensitivity and altered bowel motility. There is increasing evidence suggesting the role of inflammation in the pathoge...AIM: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by visceral hypersensitivity and altered bowel motility. There is increasing evidence suggesting the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of IBS, which addresses the possibility that formerly established rat model of colitis could be used as an TBS model after the inflammation subsided.METHODS: Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of 4 % acetic acid in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The extent of inflammation was assessed by histological examination and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay. After subsidence of colitis, the rats were subjected to rectal distension and restraint stress, then the abdominal withdrawal reflex and the number of stress-induced fecal output were measured,respectively.RESULTS: At 2 days post-induction of colitis, the colon showed characteristic inflammatory changes in histology and 8-fold increase in MPO activity. At 7 days post-induction of colitis, the histological features and MPO activity returned to normal. The rats at 7 days post-induction of colitis showed hypersensitive response to rectal distension without an accompaning change in rectal compliance, and defecated more stools than control animals when under stress.CONCLUSION: These results concur largely with the characteristic features of IBS, visceral hypersensitivity and altered defecation pattern in the absence of detectable disease, suggesting that this animal model is a methodologically convenient and useful model for studying a subset of IBS.展开更多
中医药在胃癌前病变(precancerous lesions of gastric cancer,PLGC)诊疗中发挥着重要作用,病证结合动物模型是进行PLGC相关实验研究的前提。文章从模型动物选择、胃癌前病变疾病模型和病证结合模型三方面,对近年来PLGC病证结合模型的...中医药在胃癌前病变(precancerous lesions of gastric cancer,PLGC)诊疗中发挥着重要作用,病证结合动物模型是进行PLGC相关实验研究的前提。文章从模型动物选择、胃癌前病变疾病模型和病证结合模型三方面,对近年来PLGC病证结合模型的制备方法进行了归纳分析,介绍了脾胃虚弱、胃阴不足、肝胃气滞、脾胃湿热和胃络瘀血5个常见PLGC病证结合模型的造模方法,并对当前模型制备中存在的问题提出了思考与展望。展开更多
目的研究过敏性紫癜动物模型的造模特点,为其动物模型的规范化提供计量参考。方法在中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed及Web of Science数据库检索过敏性紫癜动物模型相关文献,归纳实验动物品系、年龄、性别、造模...目的研究过敏性紫癜动物模型的造模特点,为其动物模型的规范化提供计量参考。方法在中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed及Web of Science数据库检索过敏性紫癜动物模型相关文献,归纳实验动物品系、年龄、性别、造模方法、成模周期、阳性对照药、检测指标等,构建数据库并进行规范整理、分析。结果共纳入符合标准的46篇文献,包含动物模型实验研究52例。实验动物多选择6周龄、3~4周龄的SD大鼠或3~4周龄、8周龄的KM小鼠,性别多选择雄性或雌雄各半。模型以病证结合复合模型和模拟IgA肾病模型多见;常用造模方法为尾静脉注射印度墨水+灌胃和尾静脉注射麦胶蛋白溶液、灌胃/口服干姜、胡椒、荜茇+腹腔注射卵白蛋白和弗氏完全佐剂混合液+尾静脉/耳缘静脉和皮内注射卵白蛋白0.9%氯化钠溶液;造模周期以14、6、12周多见。阳性对照药应用最多的是西咪替丁、双嘧达莫、雷公藤多苷片。高频检测指标依次为血清相关生化指标、肾组织病理、24 h尿蛋白、肾组织免疫组化、表观指标、尿常规、皮肤组织病理等。结论目前过敏性紫癜动物模型制备方法多样,病证结合复合模型与中西医临床特点吻合度较高,但缺少统一的造模方法及中医证候评价标准等,还需探索其他相关证型的病证模型,并进一步重复验证、完善。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81403189,81460628,81660705,81560690)Scientific Research Project of Higher Education in Guangxi Department of Education(YB2014182)
文摘Although the animal models of hepatic fibrosis developed by former researchers have pathological changes of hepatic fibrosis, they do not include charac- teristics of important TCM syndromes such as stagnation of qi, deficiency of qi, liver depression, phlegm-dampness and blood stasis because of single-factor model- ing. Animal models of hepatic fibrosis and animal models integrated disease and syndrome were reviewed, and several new types of integrated disease and syndrome animal models constructed by multiple-factor modeling method were evaluated, under the guidance of etiological theory of TCM. This kind of hepatic fibrosis model animals has dual characteristics of disease and syndrome. It is consistent with pathological characteristics of hepatic fibrosis in western medicine when replicating the basic characteristics accorded with TCM syndrome. Thus, the pathogenesis and pathogenic process of clinical disease and syndrome formation is simulated more ac- curately, providing a new platform and pathway for studying hepatic fibrosis disease with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.
基金Project of National Key Basic Research Program(973 Program)(No.2013CB531705).
文摘Objective:To explore the feasibility of establishing the disease-syndrome combined animal model for immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)without additional conditions.Methods:Three batches of data related to the ITP model mice obtained by replication at different time were analyzed,and whether the APS-injected model mice replicated through the passive immune modeling method could simulate the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of human ITP was evaluated according to the differentiation criteria for diseasesyndrome combined model.Results:The APS-injected replicated ITP model mice possessed the following traits:(1)Compared with the normal group,the platelet count was significantly decreased,and coagulation time was significantly increased in the model group(P<.01).(2)Compared with the normal group,the medullary thrombocytogenous megakaryocytes were significantly decreased(P<.05,.01,.001).(3)The APS-injected sites and other parts of the model mice had spontaneous hemorrhage.(4)Behavioral changing signs were observed 1 week after the modeling(i.e.low activity,delayed activity,poor appetite,skin petechia/hemorrhage and spontaneous hemorrhage at the injected sites or other parts),and were getting more and more severe.Conclusion:According to the syndrome differentiation criteria for disease-syndrome combined model of ITP,the APS-injected animal model of ITP replicated through the passive immune modeling method without additional conditions possesses the characteristics of disease-syndrome combined model.It provides an ideal tool for the development of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology experiment.
基金funded by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)(no.202108080221)。
文摘Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease(PH-LHD) is regarded as the most prevalent form of pulmonary hypertension(PH). Indeed, PH is an independent risk factor and predicts adverse prognosis for patients with left heart disease(LHD). Clinically, there are no drugs or treatments that directly address PH-LHD, and treatment of LHD alone will not also ameliorate PH. To target the underlying physiopathological alterations of PH-LHD and to develop novel therapeutic approaches for this population, animal models that simulate the pathophysiology of PH-LHD are required. There are several available models for PH-LHD that have been successfully employed in rodents or large animals by artificially provoking an elevated pressure load on the left heart, which by transduction elicits an escalated pressure in pulmonary artery. In addition, metabolic derangement combined with aortic banding or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist is also currently applied to reproduce the phenotype of PH-LHD. As of today, none of the animal models exactly recapitulates the condition of patients with PH-LHD. Nevertheless, the selection of an appropriate animal model is essential in basic and translational studies of PH-LHD. Therefore, this review will summarize the characteristics of each PH-LHD animal model and discuss the advantages and limitations of the different models.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960861)Funded by Guangxi Graduate Education Innovation Program(No.YCXJ2021035)。
文摘The prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia is a hot and difficult point in clinical research and animal experimental research in the cardiovascular field.The combined disease and syndrome animal model with the disease characteristics of Western medicine and guided by the theory of Chinese medicineto replicate the"syndrome"of Chinese medicine on the model animals by using experimental methods is an effective tool for the research of Chinese medicine.This article summarized the methoding methods and evaluation index of the animal model combined disease of coronary heart disease myocardial ischemia with cold blood stasis,phlegm and blood stasis,qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,kidney deficiency and blood stasis,and concluded the treatment of Traditional Chinese medicine.At the same time,it analyzed the main deficiencies of myocardial ischemia syndrome combined with animal models to provide reference for the establishment and research of related animal models.
基金the Research Institute of Veterinary Science,College of Veterinary Medieine,Seoul National University
文摘AIM: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by visceral hypersensitivity and altered bowel motility. There is increasing evidence suggesting the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of IBS, which addresses the possibility that formerly established rat model of colitis could be used as an TBS model after the inflammation subsided.METHODS: Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of 4 % acetic acid in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The extent of inflammation was assessed by histological examination and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay. After subsidence of colitis, the rats were subjected to rectal distension and restraint stress, then the abdominal withdrawal reflex and the number of stress-induced fecal output were measured,respectively.RESULTS: At 2 days post-induction of colitis, the colon showed characteristic inflammatory changes in histology and 8-fold increase in MPO activity. At 7 days post-induction of colitis, the histological features and MPO activity returned to normal. The rats at 7 days post-induction of colitis showed hypersensitive response to rectal distension without an accompaning change in rectal compliance, and defecated more stools than control animals when under stress.CONCLUSION: These results concur largely with the characteristic features of IBS, visceral hypersensitivity and altered defecation pattern in the absence of detectable disease, suggesting that this animal model is a methodologically convenient and useful model for studying a subset of IBS.
文摘中医药在胃癌前病变(precancerous lesions of gastric cancer,PLGC)诊疗中发挥着重要作用,病证结合动物模型是进行PLGC相关实验研究的前提。文章从模型动物选择、胃癌前病变疾病模型和病证结合模型三方面,对近年来PLGC病证结合模型的制备方法进行了归纳分析,介绍了脾胃虚弱、胃阴不足、肝胃气滞、脾胃湿热和胃络瘀血5个常见PLGC病证结合模型的造模方法,并对当前模型制备中存在的问题提出了思考与展望。
文摘目的研究过敏性紫癜动物模型的造模特点,为其动物模型的规范化提供计量参考。方法在中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed及Web of Science数据库检索过敏性紫癜动物模型相关文献,归纳实验动物品系、年龄、性别、造模方法、成模周期、阳性对照药、检测指标等,构建数据库并进行规范整理、分析。结果共纳入符合标准的46篇文献,包含动物模型实验研究52例。实验动物多选择6周龄、3~4周龄的SD大鼠或3~4周龄、8周龄的KM小鼠,性别多选择雄性或雌雄各半。模型以病证结合复合模型和模拟IgA肾病模型多见;常用造模方法为尾静脉注射印度墨水+灌胃和尾静脉注射麦胶蛋白溶液、灌胃/口服干姜、胡椒、荜茇+腹腔注射卵白蛋白和弗氏完全佐剂混合液+尾静脉/耳缘静脉和皮内注射卵白蛋白0.9%氯化钠溶液;造模周期以14、6、12周多见。阳性对照药应用最多的是西咪替丁、双嘧达莫、雷公藤多苷片。高频检测指标依次为血清相关生化指标、肾组织病理、24 h尿蛋白、肾组织免疫组化、表观指标、尿常规、皮肤组织病理等。结论目前过敏性紫癜动物模型制备方法多样,病证结合复合模型与中西医临床特点吻合度较高,但缺少统一的造模方法及中医证候评价标准等,还需探索其他相关证型的病证模型,并进一步重复验证、完善。
