Exchange Reaction Characteristics of Anion Exchange Resin for Diclofenac Sodium

Aim To study the exchange reaction characteristics of anion exchange resin for diclofenac sodium. Methods The drug-resin complexes were prepared by a batch method with diclofenac sodium as the model drug and the strong anion exchange resin (201 × 7) as the carrier. The effects of different forms (OH~ - and Cl~ - ) of the strong anion exchange resin, the particle size of the resin, and the reaction temperature on the exchange behavior were described. The exchange kinetic profiles were fitted. The related exc...

A New and Original Method to Produce Ca(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>Nanoparticles by Using an Anion Exchange Resin

Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles in hydro-alcoholic dispersion (nanolime) were successfully employed in Cultural Heritage conservation, thanks to the ability to overcome the limiting aspects of traditional lime treatments. Nanolime were currently produced by chemical precipitation process, at high temperature, with long times of synthesis, and after several purification steps to remove undesired secondary phases. In this paper, an innovative, simple and original method for nanolime production was described. The method was based on an ion exchange process between an anionic resin and a calcium chloride aqueous solution, operating at room temperature. A pure Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles suspension can be rapidly obtained after separating the resin from suspension, and any purification step was necessary. The exhausted resins can be regenerated and reused for a cyclic nanolime production. Structural and morphological features of the produced nanolime were preliminarily characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, XRD measurements allowed estimating nanoparticles reactivity by following their carbonatation process in air, in relation to different water/alcohol ratios and medium or high relative humidity conditions. The produced Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles appeared hexagonally plated, with dimension less than 100 nm and, compared with those obtained by typical wet precipitation method, they proved to be more reactive.

A New Method for Preparation of Anion Exchange Resins Based on Crosslinked Polvstvrene

This paper presents a new method for preparing anion exchange resins based on crosslinked polystyrene which consists in the acylation of crosslinked polystyrene by FriedelCrafts reaction followed by reductive amination. Aminated resins are quaternized to formcorresponding strong base anion exchange resins. The method avoids the use of carcinogenic chloromethyl methyl ether which is widely used in the preparation of commercial anion exchange resins.

A more precise method to evaluate kinetic leakage of anion exchange resin used in condensate polishing of power plant

Sulfate mass transfer coefficient(MTC) is a sensitive parameter to evaluate the kinetic leakage of anion exchange resin used in condensate polishing system of thermal and nuclear power plant.However,a sufficiently precise determination method has not been well established.In this paper,the final expression of sulfate MTC derived based on plug flow reactor model is the same as Harries' model,which is widely acknowledged in this field.In the determining system we constructed,in-situ calibration of the concentration of sulfate and its cation conductivity was conducted and sulfate MTCs of four typical strongly basic anion exchange resin samples were determined.The systematic error is 8.26% and the calibrated curve used for quantifying sulfate is obtained.The repeatability and reproducibility standard deviation are 0.05×10^(-4) m·s^(-1) and 0.07×10^(-4) m·s^(-1) respectively,which are lower than previous works.By controlling test condition accurately,this study has developed a more precise sulfate MTC determining method.This method provides a basis for further research.

Isolation of Uranium by Anionic Exchange Resins

A separation methodology to isolate natural uranium from its radioactive daughters： Th, Ra, Bi, Pb, Pa and Po, was developed using an only one anion exchange resin and varying concentrations of HC1 solutions. Three types of anion exchange resins were tested and the separation process was followed by gamma and alpha spectrometry. Uranium can be quantitatively isolated from its descendants using Dowex IX8 （20-50 mesh） or Amerlite IRA （100 mesh） resins in three steps： using 4 and 8 mol/L-1 HCI and water to recover uranium. The method is easy, quick, and inexpensive.

Adsorption characteristics of thorium on silica-based anion exchange resins

To isolate and separate thorium from nitric acid solutions, three silica-based anion exchange resins were synthesized. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate adsorption behavior of thorium in nitric acid solutions. Adsorption at different concentrations of nitric acid and thorium, influence of contact time and coexisting metal ions, and effect of NO3– were investigated in detail. It was found that at high HNO3 concentrations,the resins exhibited higher adsorption capacity and better affinity towards thorium. The adsorption kinetics could be described by the pseudo-second order model equation, while the adsorption isotherms were well correlated by the Langmuir model. The maximum capacity towards thorium species on SiPyR-N4 was evaluated at 27–28 mg/g-resin. The thermodynamic parameters indicated the adsorption was an exothermic reaction. The presence of NO3– was found to promote the retention of the thorium species.

THE EFFECT OF IONIC STRENGTH ON THE UPTAKE OF TAURINE ON A STRONG-BASIC ANION EXCHANGE RESIN

Studied the effect of ionic strength on the uptake of taurine on a strong-basic anion exchange resin The batch phase equilibrium experiments of taurine on the anion exchange resin D290 were conducted at different ionic strength, and then the amounts of uptake of taurine on the resin at different pH were determined. The ion exchange mechanisms of taurine on the anion exchange resin at different pH were discussed. Experimental results showed that with increase of the ionic strength of solution, the adsorbed amount of taurine on the resin D290 decreased; Adding small amounts of NaOH or HCl into the system of taurine aqueous solution/D290 anion resin would nfake the amount of taurine taken up on the resin to decrease due to the competition uptakes of hydroxyl ion with taurine or the decrease in the amount of absorbable zwitterions of taurine in the solution and excluding the cations of taurine from the anion resin.

A STUDY ON THE KINETICS OF EXCHANGE REACTIONS OF W（Ⅵ） OR Mo（Ⅵ） WITHIN MACROPOROUS ANION EXCHANGE RESIN（D290） PHASE

The exchange behaviors of WO_4￣(2-) MoO_4￣(2-), H_2 W_(12) O_(40)￣(6-) and Mo8 O_(26)￣(4-) anions within macrOPorous exchange resin (D290) phases have been studied.The values of diffusion constant (B), inner diffusion coefficient (D), retarted time (td) half - exchange-period (t1/2), and activation energy (△E) were found from the kinetic analyses. A new method to separate W(Ⅵ) and Mo (Ⅵ) from each other was also suggested.

Treatment of drilling wastewater using a weakly basic resin

Macroporous weak basic anion exchanger （D301R） was used to remove organic substances from drilling wastewater. The effect of pH, temperature and contact time on adsorption behavior was investigated in batch experiments, which indicated that the COD （Chemical Oxygen Demand） removal ratio of drilling wastewater was approximately 90%, and the COD of treated wastewater was below 70 mg/L under appropriate operating conditions. A mixed liquor of NaOH and NaCI was selected as desorbent because of its better elution performance. The results of column dynamic adsorption and regeneration showed that the COD of wastewater could be efficiently removed by D301R resin, and the resin was easily regenerated by the selected desorbent.

A Study on a Magnesium-Based Layered Composite Used as a Flame Retardant for Phenolic Epoxy Resins

The effects of a magnesium-based layered composite on the flammability of a phenolic epoxy resin(EP)are studied.In order to produce the required composite material,first,magnesium hydroxide,aluminum salt and deionized water are mixed into a reactor according to a certain proportion to induce a hydrothermal reaction;then,the feed liquid is filtered out using a solid-liquid separation procedure;finally,the material is dried and crushed.In order to evaluate its effects on the flammability of the EP,first,m-phenylenediamine is added to EP and vacuum defoamation is performed;then,EP is poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold,cooled to room temperature and demoulded;finally,the magnesium-based layered composite is added to EP,and its flame retardance is characterized by thermogravimetric analysis,limiting oxygen index and cone calorimetry.The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the baseline of magnesium-based layered composite is stable and the front shape is sharp and symmetrical when the molar ratio of magnesium to aluminium is 3.2:1;with the addition of magnesium-based layered composite,the initial pyrolysis temperature of EP of 10%,15%and 30%magnesium-based layered composite decreases to 318.2°C,317.9°C and 357.1°C,respectively.After the reaction,the amount of residual carbon increases to 0.1%,3.45%and 8.3%,and the limiting oxygen index increases by 28.3%,29.1%and 29.6%,respectively.The maximum heat release rate of cone calorimeter decreases gradually.The optimum molar ratio of Mg:Al for green synthesis is 3.2:1,and the NO_(3)-intercalated magnesium-based layered composite has the best flame retardance properties.

离子交换树脂法规模化生产乳源酪蛋白糖巨肽及其对流感病毒的血凝抑制活性

目的:优化规模化生产乳源酪蛋白糖巨肽(CGMP)的工艺条件,并探讨其对流感病毒的血凝抑制能力。方法:以阴离子交换树脂为分离介质,唾液酸含量为产品的活性检测指标,分别从上样体积、上样流量、洗脱液浓度、洗脱液体积和树脂使用周期5个工艺条件,在前期小试和中试的基础上,考察从乳清粉中规模化生产CGMP;同时利用血球凝集抑制试验验证产品CGMP对流感病毒的抑制活性。结果:优化的CGMP产品技术路线为上样体积3BV、上样流量0.8 L/min、洗脱体积1BV、洗脱液浓度0.6 mol/L、树脂适宜使用周期4次。该工艺条件下处理乳清粉溶液体积为108 L(2160 g)、树脂36 L,得到CGMP产品21.183 g,得率为0.981 g/100 g,产品纯度为89.032%,回收率为51.972%,唾液酸含量为21.503 g/100 g,蛋白CGMP产品对流感病毒A(H1N1)和流感病毒B的最低抑制质量浓度分别为1.0000,1.2500 mg/mL。结论:利用优化的技术路线生产获得CGMP产品的纯度和唾液酸含量均优于市售商品CGMP,且对流感病毒有明显的抑制作用。

阴离子树脂分离橄榄苦苷的过程及性能研究

目前橄榄苦苷的分离、纯化研究主要集中在大孔吸附树脂,但鲜有阴离子树脂分离、纯化橄榄苦苷的报道。为了研究阴离子树脂(LX-68M)吸附、分离过程及性能,采用吸附动力学及等温吸附模型来研究阴离子树脂静态吸附、解吸橄榄苦苷的行为。结果表明阴离子树脂对橄榄苦苷的吸附符合准二级动力学模型(R^(2)=0.9934),Freundlich等温吸附模型(R^(2)=0.9642)。进一步通过动态实验优化阴离子树脂纯化橄榄苦苷工艺,最佳操作工艺为:上样浓度为0.25 g/mL,解吸液为45%乙醇,吸附、解吸速率均为2.0 BV/h。该条件下橄榄苦苷的吸附率、解吸率分别为86.86%、87.08%,纯度为52.33%。此外,阴离子树脂重复使用4次后吸附率为54.9%,经再生处理后,吸附率恢复到93.51%,表明其具有一定的工业化前景。阴离子树脂稳定性好、分离条件温和,适合用于橄榄苦苷及其他相似天然产物的分离纯化。

Dissolved organic matter removal using magnetic anion exchange resin treatment on biological effluent of textile dyeing wastewater

This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic matter（DOM） from real dyeing bio-treatment effluents（DBEs） with the use of a novel magnetic anion exchange resin（NDMP）.DOMs in two typical DBEs were fractionized using DAX-8/XAD-4 resin and ultrafiltration membranes. The hydrophilic fractions and the low molecular weight（MW）（〈3 kDa） DOM fractions constituted a major portion（〉50%） of DOMs for the two effluents. The hydrophilic and low MW fractions of both effluents were the greatest contributors of specific UV254absorbance（SUVA254）,and the SUVA254 of DOM fractions decreased with hydrophobicity and MW. Two DBEs exhibited acute and chronic biotoxicities. Both acute and chronic toxicities of DOM fractions increased linearly with the increase of SUVA254 value. Kinetics of dissolved organic carbon（DOC） removal via NDMP treatment was performed by comparing it with that of particle active carbon（PAC）. Results indicated that the removal of DOC from DBEs via NDMP was 60%,whereas DOC removals by PAC were lower than 15%. Acidic organics could be significantly removed with the use of NDMP. DOM with large MW in DBE could be removed significantly by using the same means. Removal efficiency of NDMP for DOM decreased with the decrease of MW. Compared with PAC,NDMP could significantly reduce the acute and chronic bio-toxicities of DBEs. NaCl/NaOH mixture regenerants,with selected concentrations of 10% NaCl（m/m）/1%NaOH（m/m）,could improve desorption efficiency.

地质样品铊同位素分析预处理方法优化

铊同位素体系可以示踪天体演化、古环境变化、矿床成因及污染物迁移等地质过程。然而,目前用于铊同位素分析的样品消解和离子交换方法耗时较长,往往需要两周甚至更久;为了提高化学前处理效率,本文采用微波消解法分解样品,以AG1-X8阴离子交换树脂纯化铊,采用多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)测试,仪器的质量歧视用铅同位素标准溶液(NIST SRM981)校正。通过考察消解条件、淋洗曲线和基质效应,结果表明:采用微波消解法,在2mL硝酸-2mL氢氟酸-0.5mL高氯酸的混合酸体系中选用适当的消解程序可以将0.2g土壤标准物质GBW07406消解完全,总耗时不超过2h;利用AG1-X8树脂,上样后,依次以2mL 2mol/L硝酸-1%溴水淋洗6次、2mL超纯水淋洗1次和2mL 0.1mol/L盐酸-6%二氧化硫淋洗5次(收集铊),可有效地纯化铊;常见共存元素的干扰实验结果显示,树脂填充量为2mL时,该淋洗流程所允许上样溶液中含有三价铁和三价铝离子的量分别不应超过2.56mmol和4.90mmol,否则会使铊的回收率降低。将此方法应用于4个地质标准物质中铊同位素比值的测定,ε^(205)TlGSB Tl的精密度(2SD,n=6)均优于0.3;与文献的结果对比显示,标准物质NOD-P-1、GBW07406和GSP-2的ε^(205)Tl差值(ε^(205)Tl_(NIST 997)-ε^(205)Tl_(GSB Tl))均为0.8,NOD-A-1的ε^(205)Tl差值为0.7,说明方法具有较好的准确性;此外,可以估算标准物质GSB 04-1758-2004相对于NIST 997的ε^(205)Tl值应约等于0.8。

Selective removal of nitrate by using a novel macroporous acrylic anion exchange resin

An anion exchange resin NDP-5 has been prepared successfully and applied on the selective removal of nitrate from SO_4^（2-）/ NO_3^- binary co-existence system.The composition and morphology of NDP-5 were confirmed by FT-IR and SEM.The NDP-5 resin exhibits the completely different behavior on the adsorption capacity,adsorption kinetic and the effect of the completing anion in the absence or presence of sulfate,compared to D213.And,the resultants of kinetic are well fitted by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models.These results are very important to develop novel resins with great features.

Adsorption of Ce(IV) in nitric acid medium by imidazolium anion exchange resin

N-methylimidazolium functionalized anion exchange resin in NO3 form （RNO3） was prepared and used for adsorption of Ce（Ⅳ） in nitric acid medimn. The adsorption amount increased with shaking time increasing and the adsorption equilibrium was obtained within 180 rain. Ce（Ⅳ） was partially reduced to Ce（Ⅲ） and the reduction percent of Ce（Ⅳ） increased with shaking time increasing. But RNO3 was more stable than other resins due to the high resistance to oxidation. A little increase of adsorption amount was found with concentration of HNO3 increasing. However, the reduction percent of Ce（Ⅳ） decreased with the increase of HNO3 concentration. The addition of NaNO3 decreased the adsorption amount of Ce（Ⅳ） on RNO3 due to the competitive anion exchange reaction. Ce（Ⅳ） was adsorbed on RNO3 in the form of Ce（Ⅳ） anion nitrato-complex. RNO3 and Ce（Ⅳ）-loaded RNO3 were characterized by fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） and thermogravimeric analysis （TGA）. Ce（Ⅳ） could be easily separated from RE（Ⅲ） solution by RNO3.

液体闪烁法测量退役混合土中^(63)Ni和^(55)Fe

为监测退役核设施中的放射性及其排放,将经过400℃灰化4 h后的样品,用浓盐酸、浓硝酸及氢氟酸的混合酸溶解后加热至干燥,用9 mol/L盐酸溶解,处理后用氢氧化钠沉淀、阴离子交换色谱法及镍特效树脂萃取分离纯化^(63)Ni和^(55)Fe,再用液体闪烁法进行测量,建立了一种反应堆退役混合土样品中^(63)Ni和^(55)Fe的分析方法。结果表明,最终稳定Ni、Fe的回收率分别达98.8%和95.8%,对^(63)Ni的最小探测限和最小可探测活度分别为208(计数)和0.041 Bq,对^(55)Fe的最小探测限和最小可探测活度分别为208(计数)和0.144 Bq,实际样品的^(63)Ni、^(55)Fe活度浓度分别为76.9和30.4 Bq/g。采用标准土壤物质进行回收率模拟实验,达到了95%以上的回收率。分别进行了碱沉淀法、阴离子交换色谱法从多种元素中分离Ni、Fe的实验,其中氢氧化钠沉淀法在pH值处于8.7~11.1时便可以有效使Ni、Fe共沉淀,并去除大部分Re、Sr和全部Cs;阴离子交换色谱法洗脱的镍组分中对Co、Fe、Zn的去污因子均在660以上,铁组分中对Co、Eu、Mn、Ni、Sr、Zn、Zr的去污因子均达2000以上。还分别考察了DMG沉淀法和镍特效树脂法对Ni的纯化效果,DMG沉淀法的Ni回收率为87.14%,镍特效树脂法在镍-干扰元素比例达10∶1以上时,Ni的回收率即接近100%,且干扰元素如Ba、Eu、Fe、Mn、Sr的去污效果达到最佳,因此在使用镍树脂前,宜采用其他方法(如碱沉淀法、离子交换树脂法)进行初步分离。建立的方法操作简单,回收率高,能够满足监测退役核设施中^(63)Ni和^(55)Fe的需求。

Effect of dissolved organic matter on nitrate-nitrogen removal by anion exchange resin and kinetics studies

The effects of dissolved organic matter （DOM） on the removal of nitrate-nitrogen from the model contaminated water have been investigated utilizing the strong base anion exchange resins. With the increase of gallic acid concentration from 0 to 400 mg/L, the adsorption amount of nitrate-nitrogen on the commercial resins, including D201, Purolite A 300 （A300） and Purolite A 520E （A520E）, would significantly decrease. However, the presence of tannin acid has little impact on nitrate-nitrogen adsorption on them. Compared to D201 and A300 resins, A520E resin exhibited more preferable adsorption ability toward nitrate-nitrogen in the presence of competing organic molecules, such as gallic acid and tannin acid at greater levels in aqueous solution. Attractively, the equilibrium data showed that the adsorption isotherm of nitrate-nitrogen on A520E resin was in good agreement with Langmuir and Fretmdlich equations. The rate parameters for the intra particle diffusion have been estimated for the different initial concentrations. In batch adsorption processes, nitrate-nitrogen diffuse in porous adsorbent and rate process usually depends on t1/2 rather than the contact time. The pseudo first- and the second-order kinetic models fit better for nitrate-nitrogen adsorption onto A520E resin. The observations reported herein illustrated that A520E resin will be an excellent adsorbent for enhanced removal of nitrate-nitrogen from contaminated groundwater.

Preparation of magnetic anion exchange resin and their adsorption kinetic behavior of reactive blue

Magnetic anion exchange resin （MD-1） was prepared from quaternization of magnetic copolymeric resin （glycidyl methacry- late-co-divinylbenzene）. For comparison, magnetic resin MD-0 without quaternization and non-magnetic resin （D-l） were also synthesized for the adsorption process. It was found that the adsorption was mainly contributed to the chemical interaction between quaternary ammonium groups and reactive blue RXHC. Due to the smaller size, MD- 1 had faster adsorption and desorption kinetics than D-1. Coupled with the advantage of easy separation, the magnetic anion exchange resin was considered to be superior to common anion exchange resin in removal of reactive dye.

Selection of magnetic anion exchange resins for the removal of dissolved organic and inorganic matters

Four magnetic anion exchange resins （MAERs） were used as adsorbents to purify drinking water. The effect of water quality （pH, temperature, ionic strength, etc.） on the performance of MAER for the removal of dissolved organic matter （DOM） was also investigated. Among the four studied MAERs, the strong base resin named NDMP- 1 with high water content and enhanced exchange capacity exhibited the highest removal rate of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） （48.9% removal rate） and UV-absorbing substances （82.4% removal rate） with a resin dose of 10 mL/L after 30 rain of contact time. The MAERs could also effectively remove inorganic matter such as sulfate, nitrate and fluoride. Because of the higher specific UV absorbance （SUVA） value, the DOM in the raw water was found to be removed more effectively than that in the clarified water by NDMP resin. The temperature showed a weak influence on the removal of DOC from 6 to 26℃, while a relatively strong one at 36℃. The removal of DOM by NDMP was also affected to some extent by the pH value. Moreover, increasing the sulfate concentration in the raw water could decrease the removal rates of DOC and UV-absorbing substances.