Ankle-brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity are risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes

The incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes is increasing. While brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity （BaPWV） and ankle-bra- chial index （ABI） are known to be associated with ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, whether these measures predict the risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease in diabetic patients remains unclear. 117 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. According to the results of head magnetic resonance imaging, the patients were divided into a diabetes-only group （n = 55） and a diabetes and ischemic stroke group （n = 62）. We then performed ABI and BaPWV examinations for all patients. Compared with the diabe- tes-only group, we found decreased ABI and increased BaPWV in the diabetes and ischemic stroke group. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that BaPWV and ABI were risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our findings indicate that decreased ABI and increased BaPWV are objective indicators of increased risk of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Screening of Peripheral Artery Disease by Systematic Measurement of Ankle-Brachial Index among Diabetic Patients in Dakar

Introduction: The peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of the chronic and frightening vascular complications of the diabetes whose tracking can be done by the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) measurement. We conducted in this context a study which consisted in measuring the ABI among hospitalized diabetic patients at Teaching Hospital of Pikine in Dakar, over 18 months’ duration. The aim was to determine the prevalence and evaluate factors correlated to the presence of the PAD. Patients and Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study interested the whole of diabetic patients hospitalized in Internal Medicine/Endocrinology Department, from January 2013 to June 2014. We carried out a complete clinical examination associated with ABI measurement by a Doppler probe for each included patient after having collected the clinical and paraclinical data. Results: Our population of study comprised 209 diabetic patients with a female predominance (126, 60.3%). The sex-ratio man/woman was 0.6. The median age of the population of study was 54 ± 2 years. In our series, 157 (75.1%) patients discovered their diabetes with the waning of an affection while the 52 (24.9%) other patients discovered their diabetes at the time of a systematic assessment. The PAD appeared by an intermittent claudication among 38 patients (18.2%). The ABI was normal for 126 patients (60.3%). The ABI was low for 51 patients (24.4%), unilateral in 3.8% of cases and bilateral in 20.6% of cases. The ABI was high among 32 patients (15.3%), unilateral in 7.2% of cases and bilateral in 8.1% of cases. The ABI extremes values were 0.11 and 2. In the population of study, 46 patients (22%) had a well-compensated PAD. The PAD was low compensated for 3 patients (1.4%) and severe for 2 patients (1%). The ABI was more frequent and significantly among women than men, with 32 cases (25.4%) against 19 (22.9%) cases (p = 0.021). The proportion of low ABI was more important among patients whose diabetes had evolved for more than 5 years (42.3% of cases) with a peak of frequency in the duration of 6 - 10 years (47.7% of cases). Conclusion: The PAD global prevalence among hospitalized diabetic patients appeared high with 24.4% patients presenting low ABI. Its early diagnosis among subjects at risk as for our study population allowed identifying asymptomatic subjects having another cardiovascular damage. Thus, the screening of obstructive arteriopathy of lower limb PAD by the measurement of ABI should be applied to all diabetic patients for a better assessment of atherosclerotic complication.

Association of Race and Change in Ankle-Brachial Index: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort

Objective: This study evaluates the association of self-reported race with change in ankle-brachial index (ABI) over time and modification of this association by paraoxonase gene (PON1, PON2 and PON3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods: This longitudinal study included 11,992 (N = 2952 Black, N = 9040 White) participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort with PON genotyping. Mixed-effects models examined whether race was associated with change in ABI over time after adjustment for known peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors. Results: Change in ABI over time differed between Whites and Blacks (race-time interaction, p < 0.0001). Stratified analyses showed that ABI values were better in both Blacks and Whites who completed high school or more education compared to those who completed less education. None of the PON SNPs met the significance level (p < 0.001) after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: ABI differences by race were small and although statistically significant, may not be clinically significant. Change in ABI over time varies by race and may be modified by education. Results suggest that higher education may influence the lifestyle and behavioral choices contributing to better ABI in both Blacks and Whites. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.

Pulse palpation and limited joint mobility examination are better indicators than oscillometric measurement for diagnosing abnormal ankle-brachial index

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the least recognized form of atherosclerosis and may even result in amputation if the diagnosis is delayed. Manual pulse palpation is the traditional way to diagnose PAD. Doppler ultrasonographic measurement of ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the gold standard diagnosing method but requires training and is not necessarily available as an outpatient procedure. Using automated oscillometric blood pressure devices has been suggested as an easier method for measuring the ABI. Methods: A single observer palpated the arterial dorsalis pedis, examined hand joints and measured the ABI of one hundred diabetic patients using both Doppler and oscillometric methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the oscillometric method and the manual diagnosing methods to the gold standard method of using a hand held Doppler device for measuring the ABI and detecting PAD. Results: ABI was abnormal in 24 patients (24%) (22 males, 2 females) when measured with the Doppler method. Of these 24 patients, the oscillometric method would have missed 12 giving 12 false negatives. We found that the sensitivity of the oscillometric method was 50.0% and specificity 90.8%. Clinical examination with palpation of ADP combined with limited joint mobility (LJM) scoring would have missed only four cases. Conclusions: Although the oscillometric method is easy and accessible, it is not sensitive enough to be used as the only method in measuring ABI. The simple and inexpensive ADP pulse palpation combined with testing for LMJ was able to find 20 of the 24 (83%) patients with an abnormal ABI measured by Doppler stethoscope.

Analysis of Ankle-Brachial Index, Waist-Hip Ratio, Ejection-Fraction, Obesity, Smoking, Alcohol Habits, Diabetes and Hypertension as Independent Predictors of Complexity and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease

Background: The present study was conducted to examine the association between various coronary risk factors and clinical parameters, with special emphasis on ankle-brachial index, in predicting the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease. Methods: Patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease at our hospital between September-2012 and December-2014 were examined in this study. Selected patients were screened for cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol habits as well as for clinical parameters including body-mass index, waist-hip ratio, ankle-brachial index, and ejection fraction. All patients underwent coronary angiography and were evaluated for severity of coronary artery disease (based on number of vessels involved) and complexity of coronary angiographic lesions (measured by computer-assisted Syntax score calculator). The collected data were analyzed to determine the role of cardiovascular risk factors and clinical parameters as predictors of complexity and severity of coronary artery disease. Results: A total of 211 patients (mean age: 54.64 ± 9.9 years;81% males) with coronary artery disease were analyzed. Findings revealed that diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), smoking habits (p = 0.036), and low ankle-brachial index (p < 0.001) were independent predictors of complex coronary artery disease as measured by Syntax score. Significant associations were also evident between severity of coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), and ankle-brachial index (p < 0.001). Conversely, other cardiovascular risk factors including body-mass index, alcohol habits, wait-hip ratio, and ejection fraction did not exhibit significant associations with severity and complexity of coronary artery. Conclusions: The early diagnosis of coronary artery can be predicated by evaluating diabetes, hypertension, and smoking habits in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. In addition, ankle-brachial index can be used as an effective non-invasive bed-side tool, as an alternative to Syntax score, in predicting the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease.

Association between Systolic Blood Pressure Difference ≥10 mm Hg and Ankle-Brachial Index

Background: In new outpatients, blood pressure should be measured in both arms. A previous study reported that an inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (ΔSBP) of ≥10 mm Hg is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Aim: The aim was to identify the associations with absolute values of ΔSBP (|ΔSBP|) ≥10 mm Hg. Subjects and Methods: This study included 2481 patients. Patients with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 were defined as obese. The group of A was defined as following: ankle-brachial index (ABI) was <0.9 or ≥1.3. ΔSBP was expressed as right arm BP minus left arm BP. |ΔSBP| ≥10 mm Hg were analyzed using multivariate logistic analysis. Results: |ΔSBP| ≥10 mm Hg was found in 6.0% of patients and |ΔSBP| < 5 mm Hg in 80.4%. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) of the associations with |ΔSBP| ≥10 mm Hg were significantly associated with abnormal ABI and obesity regardless of sex and age. Moreover, the OR of the combined effects of abnormal ABI and obesity was higher than that of abnormal ABI and obesity alone. Conclusion: |ΔSBP| ≥10 mm Hg was associated with abnormal ABI and obesity. In a primary care setting, blood pressure should be actively measured in both arms. This study suggests that the associations with |ΔSBP| ≥10 mm Hg may be a useful part of screening for abnormal ABI.

New Approach to Measuring the Ankle and Toe Brachial Indices as New Markers for Early Detection of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease

Background: Lower extremity Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis, or Plaque buildup, that reduces the blood flow to the legs and feet. PAD affects approximately 230 million adults worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and leg amputation. The first-line method for diagnosis of PAD is the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), which is the ratio of ankle to brachial higher systolic pressure measured in ankles and arms. The Toe Brachial Index (TBI), which is the ratio of the toe systolic pressure to brachial higher systolic pressure measured in both arms, is considered to be an alternative to the ABI in screening for PAD. The ABI and TBI are measured on the right and left side, and the lower of these numbers is the patient’s overall ABI and TBI. Clinical studies and meta-analysis reviews have shown that the conventional ABI measurement, which uses a cuff, and handheld sphygmomanometer and continuous-wave Doppler tracings, provides an acceptable-to-high specificity level but low sensitivity when compared with vascular color Doppler ultrasound, and/or angiography methods. Another study has shown that the TBI measurement has greater sensitivity but lower specificity than the ABI when compared with vascular color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic based on waveforms. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the VasoPad System comparing its results to the vascular color doppler ultrasound waveforms. Materials and Methods: The VasoPad System is an automated device using the pulse wave method to measure the arms and ankles dorsalis and tibial posterior artery blood pressures, the photoplethysmography second derivative (PTGSD) to estimate the toe systolic pressure, a patented photoplethysmography (PTG) index marker and volume plethysmography via cuffs during deflation. Vascular Color Doppler ultrasound can diagnose stenosis through the direct visualization of atherosclerosis or plaques and through waveform analysis. The vascular color Doppler ultrasound provides 3 waveform types. The type 1, triphasic waveform is normal blood flow and no atherosclerosis or plaque, the type 2, diphasic waveform is seen when there are atherosclerosis plaques, but normal blood flow, and the type 3, monophasic waveform reflects stenosis with diameter reduction > 50%. Results: The sum of the overall ABI and TBI VasoPad values, called Sum of Brachial Indices (SBI), gave a specificity of 88.89% and sensitivity of 100% for detecting vascular color Doppler ultrasound biphasic and monophasic waveforms versus triphasic waveforms with a cutoff ≤ 1.36 (P Conclusion: The VasoPad was useful for detecting PAD, which is fully defined as having vessel stenosis > 50% (Doppler monophasic waveforms) but also early stage of atherosclerosis plaque of the lower extremities (Doppler biphasic waveforms). The VasoPad method provided a remarkable sensitivity of 100% and a specificity level similar to those of the conventional ABI test method compared with the vascular color Doppler ultrasound. In addition to being useful to screen and detect PAD, the VasoPad offers early detection of lower extremity atherosclerosis, with normal blood flow (Doppler biphasic waveforms), which could provide greater treatment options and thus reduce the overall number of lower extremity complications.

Importance of Ankle/Brachial Pressure Index in Saudi Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Background: The ankle/brachial pressure index (ABPI) has been shown to be a good marker of systemic atherosclerosis and a powerful predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of measuring ABPI in Saudi patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study which was conducted on all Saudi patients who underwent coronary angiography without symptoms of peripheral arterial disease at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar Saudi Arabia. All patients underwent measurement of their ABPI. The study was carried out between December 2010 and November 2011. RESULTS: During the study period, two hundred and five patients were included. Fifty-nine (28.8%) patients were Group II (ABPI ≤ 0.90) and the rest was Group I (ABPI > 0.90). Significant correlation was also found between low ABPI and the extent of CAD (mean number of arteries involved in Group I was 1.78 ± 0.83 compared to 2.10 ± 0.736 in Group II p = 0.011). Nevertheless, the correlation between low ABPI, and the severity of presentation of CAD were also significant (Incidence of myocardial infarction with congestive heart failure was 0.5% in Group I compared to 12% in Group II p CONCLUSION: The ABPI is an important prognostic indicator for Saudi patients with CAD.

Risk factors and ankle brachial indexes in cerebral infarction combined with peripheral arterial disease

BACKGROUND: Ankle brachial index (ABI) is widely involved in researches and clinical application of peripheral vascular injury of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the application in cerebral infarction (CI) is rare. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible risk factor of cerebral infarction plus peripheral arterial disease (PAD), compare metabolic characteristics of patients who having CI plus PAD or only having CI, and understand the significance of ABI on screening and diagnosing CI plus PAD of lower limb. DESIGN: Contrast observation based on CI patients. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 124 CI patients were selected from Department of Neurology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from July 2005 to April 2006, including 72 males and 52 females aged from 45 to 88 years. All patients met the diagnostic criteria of cerebrovascular disease established by National Academic Conference of Cerebrovascular Diseases in 1995 and determined as cerebral infarction with MRI or CT examination. All patients provided informed consent. There were 46 cases (37.2%) with CI plus PAD and 78 cases (62.8%) only with CI. METHODS: Blood pressure of bilateral ankles and upper extremities was measured at plain clinostatism with DINAMAP blood pressure monitor (GE Company). The ratio between average systolic pressure of lateral ankle and average systolic pressure of both upper extremities was regarded as ABI. The normal ABI was equal to or more than 0.9. If ABI < 0.9 occurred at one side, patients were diagnosed as PAD. On the second morning after hospitalization, blood was collected to measure fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (PBG2h), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Among them, blood glucose, lipid and other biochemical markers were measured with enzyme chemistry assay and HbA1c was measured with HbA1c meter based on high liquid phase. Measurement data and enumeration data were compared with t test and Chi-square test, and multiple factors were dealt with Logistic regression analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of correlation between ABI and metabolic markers with multivariate linear regression analysis; risk factors of CI plus PAD with Logistic regression analysis; comparisons of metabolic markers between PAD and non-PAD patients. RESULTS: All 124 patients with acute CI were involved in the final analysis. ① Comparisons of metabolic markers: Levels of serum LDL-C and uric acid (UA) were higher of PAD patients than those of non-PAD patients (t =2.051 9, 3.339 1, P < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences among other metabolic markers (P > 0.05). ② Results of multivariate linear regression analysis: PBG2h, LDL-C and UA were obvious correlation with ABI of posterior tibial artery of lower limb and dorsal pedis artery (partial regression coefficient = -0.231 to -1.010, P < 0.05). ③ Risk factors of CI plus PAD with Logistic regression analysis: Age, smoking history, sum of CI focus (≥3) and LDL-C were independent risk factor of CI plus PAD (OR =1.524-5.422, P < 0.05-0.01). CONCLUSION: ① Levels of serum LDL-C and UA of patients with CI plus PAD are high. ② ABI of lower limbs is correlation with PBG2h, LDL-C and UA. In addition, measuring ABI is beneficial for early diagnosing PAD of lower limbs of patients who have poorly controlled blood glucose, abnormal lipid and poor renal function. ③ Age, LDL-C and sum of CI focus (≥3) are independent risk factors of CI plus PAD. It is of significance for screening non-PAD patients to evaluate risk degrees and prognosis and select therapeutic methods based on ABI measurement.

甘油三酯-葡萄糖乘积指数与动脉硬化进展的回顾性队列研究

目的:胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)与动脉硬化和不良心血管病事件均存在密切关联。甘油三酯-葡萄糖(triglyceride-glucose,TyG)指数可作为评估IR的有效指标。本研究旨在探讨Ty G指数与动脉硬化进展风险的关系。方法:本研究为回顾性队列研究。选取2012年1月至2022年12月在中南大学湘雅三医院健康管理医学中心参加健康体检次数≥2且完成动脉硬化检测的成年人作为研究对象,收集其临床资料。TyG指数采用公式ln(甘油三酯×空腹血糖/2)计算。基线TyG指数分别以连续变量和四分位数的分类变量为自变量评价。动脉硬化进展采用臂踝脉搏波传导速度(brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity,baPWV)的年变化速率和新发动脉僵硬度增加为因变量评价。通过线性回归模型和Cox比例风险回归模型,探索TyG指数是否为动脉硬化进展的独立风险因素。根据年龄、性别、体重指数,以及是否合并2型糖尿病、高血压和高脂血症进行亚组分析,以确定TyG指数和动脉硬化进展之间的关联特征。结果:共纳入4971名研究对象,随访时间为(3.01±1.98)年。随访期间,baPWV的年变化速率为(24.94±81.15)cm/s,共计278例为新发动脉僵硬度增加。在全面校正混杂因素后,自变量为连续变量时,基线Ty G指数与baPWV的年变化速率(β=17.5,95%CI 9.00~25.94,P<0.001)和新发动脉僵硬度增加[风险比(hazard ratio,HR)=1.43,95%CI 1.18~1.74,P<0.001]呈独立正相关。自变量为分类变量时,与第1四分位数组相比,第2、3、4四分位数组的baPWV年变化速率依次增加,新发动脉僵硬度增加的风险也依次增高(均P<0.05)。年龄≥45岁、男性、BMI<28 kg/m2、高血压病、无高血压病、无2型糖尿病和无高脂血症亚组中,基线TyG指数(连续和分类变量)与新发动脉僵硬度增加具有明显关联(均P<0.05),各亚组均不存在显著的交互作用(均P>0.05)。结论:TyG指数与动脉硬化进展风险增加独立相关,可用作体检人群动脉硬化进展风险的评估指标。

踝肱指数联合血清25-羟维生素D水平对2型糖尿病下肢血管病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨踝肱指数(ABI)联合血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平对2型糖尿病下肢血管病变的诊断价值。方法 选择2018年7月至2021年1月安徽省亳州市人民医院收治的179例2型糖尿病患者,根据是否发生下肢血管病变将其分为未病变组(106例)与病变组(73例)。分析2型糖尿病患者发生下肢血管病变的影响因素,分析ABI联合血清25(OH)D水平对其的诊断价值。结果 病变组年龄、糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于非病变组,白蛋白、ABI、血清25(OH)D水平低于非病变组(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄(OR=2.843,95%CI:1.250~6.468)、糖化血红蛋白(OR=3.056,95%CI:1.343~6.951)、ABI (OR=2.724,95%CI:1.197~6.196)、血清25(OH)D水平(OR=3.979,95%CI:1.749~9.051)为2型糖尿病患者发生下肢血管病变的影响因素(P<0.05)。ABI、血清25(OH)D水平联合预测2型糖尿病下肢血管病变的曲线下面积高于二者单独预测(P<0.05)。结论 ABI联合血清25(OH)D水平对2型糖尿病患者发生下肢血管病变具有一定的诊断价值,临床中应予以重视。

超声测量踝肱指数、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体联合检测在中年2型糖尿病患者下肢血管病变中的应用价值

目的探讨超声测量踝肱指数(ABI)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)联合检测在中年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者下肢血管病变(LEAD)中的应用价值。方法收集2021年2月至2023年2月于新疆医科大学第二附属医院就诊的210例T2DM患者的临床资料,根据患者是否发生LEAD将其分为病变组(n=55)和非病变组(n=155)。收集患者的相关指标,分析T2DM患者发生LEAD的影响因素,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分析ABI、FIB、D-D单独及联合检测T2DM患者发生LEAD的诊断效能。结果病变组患者糖尿病(DM)病程长于非病变组患者,年龄、腰臀比(WHR)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、甘油三酯(TG)、FIB、D-D均高于非病变组患者,ABI低于非病变组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,长DM病程和高水平HbA1c、FIB、D-D及低ABI均是T2DM患者发生LEAD的危险因素(P﹤0.05)。ABI、FIB、D-D联合检测诊断T2DM患者发生LEAD的AUC(95%CI)为0.947(0.907~0.973),均高于各项单独检测(P﹤0.05)。结论ABI、FIB及D-D与T2DM患者发生LEAD密切相关,且ABI、FIB、D-D联合检测对筛查中年T2DM患者发生LEAD具有较高的参考价值。

血浆致动脉硬化指数与臂-踝脉搏波传导速度在早发冠心病发生及其冠状动脉病变程度中的评估价值

目的探讨血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)与臂-踝脉搏波传导速度(ba-PWV)在早发冠心病(PCAD)的发生及其冠状动脉病变程度中的评估价值。方法收集2020年12月至2021年12月因胸痛疑诊冠心病在新疆医科大学第一附属医院住院行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查且男性<55岁,女性<65岁的患者336例,根据CAG确诊早发冠心病(PCAD)组163例,其中急性冠状动脉综合征92例(56.4%),稳定型冠心病71例(43.6%),未达冠心病诊断标准的173例患者设为对照组。又根据Gensini评分分为A组(0分)129例、B组(1-14分)126例、C组(>14分)81例。对各组间一般临床资料与相关实验室检查进行统计学分析。采用logistic回归模型筛选PCAD的独立危险因素,并进一步分析AIP及ba-PWV对PCAD的诊断价值。结果与对照组相比,PCAD组AIP、ba-PWV等均明显偏高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析显示,AIP、ba-PWV与Gensini评分均呈正相关(rs分别为0.321、0.440,均P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,ba-PWV、AIP、吸烟、糖尿病、Hcy等均为PCAD的独立危险因素(均P<0.05);以AIP联合ba-PWV绘制的ROC曲线下面积为0.780(95%CI 0.730~0.830,P<0.05),敏感度和特异度分别为70.60%、77.50%。结论AIP及ba-PWV均为PCAD的独立危险因素,二者联合时可以提高诊断PCAD的敏感度,且二者与冠状动脉病变程度均呈正相关。

外周血栓抽吸导管在治疗动脉血栓性闭塞致急性肢体缺血中的临床应用

目的探讨外周血栓抽吸导管在治疗动脉血栓性闭塞致急性肢体缺血(ALI)中的临床应用效果。方法收集2022年9—12月河北医科大学第二医院收治的10例动脉血栓性闭塞致ALI患者的临床资料。观察全部患者的手术情况(血栓脱落情况、腔内手术取栓成功率、血栓抽吸时间、血栓清除率、术中出血量)和术后情况。对所有患者进行随访,记录不同时间(术前、术后5 d、术后3个月)的踝肱指数(ABI)、围手术期并发症的发生情况及临床疗效。结果10例患者的腔内手术取栓成功率为100%(10/10),平均导管抽吸时间为(13.4±2.3)min,术中失血量为(132.8±15.3)ml,血栓清除率均﹥50%,术中未发生血管壁夹层、动脉破裂等并发症。术后,所有患者的心肌酶水平均出现了不同程度的升高,经治疗后均于3~5 d回落至术前水平;血色素和肾功能指标较术前均无明显变化。6例患者术后出现患肢肿胀,经硫酸镁持续湿敷后症状缓解,未出现骨筋膜室综合征等神经压迫症状。术后5 d、术后3个月的ABI基本一致,均较术前明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术后5 d,10例患者中,痊愈5例,良好5例;术后3个月,痊愈8例,良好2例。所有患者围手术期均未出现死亡、心脑血管疾病、急性动脉血栓形成或出血事件。结论对于动脉血栓性闭塞致ALI的患者,使用外周血栓抽吸导管的血栓抽吸技术可快速地清除动脉内急性血栓病变,迅速改善患者ALI症状,并可减少开放手术以及体内留置溶栓导管所致的出血、感染等不良事件的发生。

心脏彩色超声联合心踝血管指数和踝臂指数用于冠心病早期诊断的价值研究

目的:研究心脏彩色超声联合心踝血管指数(CAVI)和踝臂指数(ABI)用于冠心病早期诊断的价值。方法:选取2019年12月至2022年12月乐山市人民医院收治的146例冠心病患者,将其纳入观察组,另将同期在医院体检的70名正常体检者纳入健康对照组。两组受试者均行心脏彩色超声并检测CAVI、ABI,比较两组心肌做功指数(Tei指数)、舒张期E峰血流速度(E)与舒张晚期A峰血流速度(A)比值(E/A)、左心房内径(LAD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、CAVI以及ABI水平;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析Tei指数、E/A、LAD、LVEF、CAVI及ABI单独诊断冠心病的价值;以冠状动脉造影结果为“金标准”,以一致性Kappa检验分析Tei指数、E/A、LAD、LVEF、CAVI及ABI联合诊断冠心病的效能。结果:观察组Tei指数、LVEF及CAVI水平明显高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=19.357、25.728、21.766,P<0.05),E/A、LAD及ABI水平明显低于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.721、2.769、10.610,P<0.05)。经ROC分析证实Tei指数、E/A、LAD、LVEF、CAVI及ABI能够用于诊断冠心病,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.914、0.796、0.553、0.950、0.930和0.834。经一致性Kappa检验分析,Tei指数、E/A、LAD、LVEF、CAVI及ABI联合诊断冠心病的灵敏度为98.6%,特异度为92.9%,准确率为96.8%(Kappa=0.925,P<0.05)。结论:Tei指数、E/A、LAD、LVEF、CAVI及ABI可用于诊断冠心病,且联合诊断的效能更高。

四逆散治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的效果及对震动感觉阈值的影响

目的 研究四逆散治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的效果及对震动感觉阈值(VPT)的影响。方法 纳入2018年3月至2023年3月我院收治的80例糖尿病周围神经病变患者,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组、观察组,各40例。对照组采用常规治疗(甲钴胺联合依帕司他),观察组在此基础上加用四逆散治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果 观察组的治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)水平及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)均显著降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的中医证候积分、多伦多临床评分系统(TCSS)评分均显著降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的VPT显著降低,臂踝指数(ABI)显著升高,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组的不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 四逆散治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的效果显著,可缓解患者的临床症状,调节血糖水平,修复受损神经功能,具有较高安全性。

Manifestation of lower extremity atherosclerosis in diabetic patients with high ankle-brachial index

Background The ankle brachial index （ABI） is a simple, inexpensive, noninvasive tool that correlates well with angiographic disease severity and functional symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify the manifestation of lower extremity atherosclerotic lesions in patients with high ABI by retrospective clinical study.Methods A cohort of 184 diabetic patients, （63±14） years old, 144 males, who underwent simultaneously ABI testing and low extremity arterial duplex ultrasound within one week, were enrolled randomly into this study. According to the ABI value, they were divided into three groups： the high, normal and low ABI groups. The severity and location of atherosclerotic lesions in the lower extremity were determined based on the results of low extremity artery duplex ultrasound. The chi-square test was used to compare the atherosclerosis severity grade and lesion location across the three groups.Results The prevalence of low extremity artery occlusion was significantly lower in the high ABI group than in the low ABI group （3.3% vs. 63.5%, P〈0.01）, and the main atherosclerotic lesions were diffuse dot-like hyperechogenicity spots or small plaques （86.7%）. In addition, the atherosclerotic lesions were mostly found in the distal segment of the lower extremity in patients with high ABI （46.3%）.Conclusion A high ABI may be an integrative marker for intimal and medial calcification, which has a high positive predictive value for artery calcification.

绝经女性OSTA指数对baPWV的影响及对外周动脉硬化的预测价值

目的探究绝经女性亚洲骨质疏松自我评估工具(OSTA)指数对其臂-踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)和外周动脉硬化的影响及预测价值。方法纳入正常体检的1138例绝经女性并收集其一般临床资料,计算OSTA指数,测量baPWV,根据baPWV数值将其分为对照组(baPWV<1400 cm/s,539例)和外周动脉硬化组(baPWV≥1400 cm/s,599例)。采用线性回归、Logistic回归分析绝经女性OSTA指数对baPWV及外周动脉硬化的影响;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价其对外周动脉硬化的预测价值。结果外周动脉硬化组OSTA指数低于对照组[-0.40(-2.20,1.00)vs.0.40(-0.60,1.40),P<0.05];单因素线性回归分析显示OSTA指数为baPWV的影响因素,经校正危险因素后,多因素线性回归分析提示OSTA指数仍影响baPWV数值(P<0.05),线性回归方程为baPWV=-27.911-39.752×OSTA+6.444×收缩压+7.008×舒张压+11.506×同型半胱氨酸+27.942×超敏C反应蛋白。Logistic回归分析提示OSTA指数增高为外周动脉硬化的保护因素(OR=0.664,95%CI:0.535~0.823,P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析提示OSTA指数以-1.25为最佳截断点,预测外周动脉硬化的曲线下面积为0.619,敏感度为36.2%,特异度为86.3%。结论在绝经女性中,OSTA指数为baPWV的影响因素,可通过OSTA指数预测baPWV数值,OSTA指数增高是外周动脉硬化的保护因素。

药物涂层球囊联合血管减容对下肢动脉硬化闭塞病变病人血运重建率、血管内皮功能及踝肱指数的影响

目的观察药物涂层球囊(DCB)联合血管减容对下肢动脉硬化闭塞病变(LEAOD)病人血运重建率、血管内皮功能及踝肱指数(ABI)的影响。方法选择2018年6月至2021年6月黄河三门峡医院收治的LEAOD病人100例,按随机数字表法分两组,对照组(n=50)予DCB,研究组(n=50)予DCB联合血管减容。比较靶血管通畅率、靶血管血运重建(TLR)率、再狭窄率、Rutherford分级情况、血管内皮功能、ABI、下肢动脉最小管腔直径(MLD)、晚期管腔丢失(LLL)值。结果术后12个月,研究组靶血管通畅率(92.00%,46/50)均较对照组(74.00%,37/50)高(P<0.05)。术后12个月,研究组TLR率(2.00%,1/50)、再狭窄率(0,0/50)均较对照组(18.00%,9/50)、(12.00%,6/50)低(P<0.05)。术后,两组Rutherford分级情况均优于术前(P<0.05),且研究组Rutherford分级情况均优于对照组(Z=-2.21,P=0.027)。术后个12个月,两组血流介导的血管内皮舒张程度值(FMD)、硝酸甘油介导的血管内皮舒张程度值(NMD)、足背动脉ABI、胫后动脉ABI均高于术前(P<0.05),且研究组高于对照组(均P<0.05)。术后个12个月,两组的下肢动脉MLD、LLL值均低于术后次日(P<0.05),且研究组下肢动脉MLD高于对照组(P<0.05),LLL值低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论DCB联合血管减容能提高LEAOD病人靶血管通畅率,降低TLR率、再狭窄率,改善Rutherford分级情况、血管内皮功能、ABI,调节下肢动脉MLD、LLL值。

踝臂指数、趾臂指数、LDL-C/HDL-C在冠状动脉疾病中的应用价值

目的探讨踝臂指数(ABI)、趾臂指数(TBI)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(LDL-C/HDL-C)在冠状动脉疾病患者中的应用价值。方法纳入2011年10月-2013年2月于中国医科大学附属第一医院心内科住院治疗的160例患者,依据冠状动脉多层螺旋CT造影(CTA)检查结果将患者分为两组,其中对照组患者57例(冠状动脉狭窄程度≤25%),冠状动脉病变组患者103例(冠状动脉狭窄程度>25%)。冠状动脉病变组患者中冠状动脉单支病变患者30例(单支病变组)、双支病变患者31例(双支病变组)、三支病变患者42例(三支病变组);轻度病变组患者55例(冠状动脉狭窄程度≤50%)及中重度病变组患者48例(冠状动脉狭窄程度>50%)。对入组患者行ABI、TBI、LDL-C/HDL-C检查,分析冠状动脉病变不同亚组间ABI、TBI、LDL-C/HDL-C水平变化及其对判断冠状动脉病变程度的价值。结果对照组与冠状动脉单支病变组、双支病变组、三支病变组间ABI、TBI呈降低趋势,LDL-C/HDL-C水平呈升高趋势,组间ABI、TBI、LDL-C/HDL-C水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);三支病变组与对照组、单支病变组ABI、TBI及LDL-C/HDL-C水平间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);双支病变组与对照组ABI水平间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组与冠状动脉狭窄轻度病变组、中重度病变组间ABI、TBI呈降低趋势,LDL-C/HDL-C水平呈升高趋势,组间ABI、TBI、LDL-C/HDL-C水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);中重度病变组与对照组ABI、TBI及LDL-C/HDL-C水平间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中重度病变组与轻度病变组及轻度病变组与对照组ABI水平间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ABI能较好反应冠脉病变程度,ABI值越低冠脉狭窄越重,但并不能全面反映冠脉病变范围;LDL-C/HDL-C、TBI对冠脉病变的判断有一定意义,但不适用于准确评价冠脉病变程度及范围。