Annoyance-type speech emotion detection in working environment

In order to recognize people＇s annoyance emotions in the working environment and evaluate emotional well- being, emotional speech in a work environment is induced to obtain adequate samples of emotional speech, and a Mandarin database with two thousands samples is built. In searching for annoyance-type emotion features, the prosodic feature and the voice quality feature parameters of the emotional statements are extracted first. Then an improved back propagation （BP） neural network based on the shuffled frog leaping algorithm （SFLA） is proposed to recognize the emotion. The recognition capability of the BP, radical basis function （RBF） and the SFLA neural networks are compared experimentally. The results show that the recognition ratio of the SFLA neural network is 4. 7% better than that of the BP neural network and 4. 3% better than that of the RBF neural network. The experimental results demonstrate that the random initial data trained by the SFLA can optimize the connection weights and thresholds of the neural network, speed up the convergence and improve the recognition rate.

Annoyance Rate Evaluation Method on Ride Comfort of Vehicle Suspension System

The existing researches of the evaluation method of ride comfort of vehicle mainly focus on the level of human feelings to vibration. The level of human feelings to vibration is influenced by many factors, however, the ride comfort according to the common principle of probability and statistics and simple binary logic is tmable to reflect these uncertainties. The random fuzzy evaluation model from people subjective response to vibration is adopted in the paper, these uncertainties are analyzed from the angle of psychological physics. Discussing the traditional evaluation of ride comfort during vehicle vibration, a fuzzily random evaluation model on the basis of annoyance rate is proposed for the human body＇s subjective response to vibration, with relevant fuzzy membership function and probability distribution given. A half-car four degrees of freedom suspension vibration model is described, subject to irregular excitations from the road surface, with the aid of software Matlab/Simulink. A new kind of evaluation method for ride comfort of vehicles is proposed in the paper, i.e., the annoyance rate evaluation method. The genetic algorithm and neural network control theory are used to control the system. Simulation results are obtained, such as the comparison of comfort reaction to vibration environments between before and after control, relationship of annoyance rate to vibration frequency and weighted acceleration, based on ISO 2631 / 1 （1982）, ISO 2631-1 （1997） and annoyance rate evaluation method, respectively. Simulated assessment results indicate that the proposed active suspension systems prove to be effective in the vibration isolation of the suspension system, and the subjective response of human being can be promoted from very uncomfortable to a little uncomfortable. Furthermore, the novel evaluation method based on annoyance rate can further estimate quantitatively the number of passengers who feel discomfort due to vibration. A new analysis method of vehicle comfort is presented.

Subjective annoyance caused by indoor low-level and low frequency noise and control method

The influence of low_level noise has not been widely noticed. This paper discovered that low_level and low frequency noise(A_weighted equivalent level L eq <45 dB) causes higher probability of subjective annoyance. The fuzzy mathematic principle was applied to deal with the threshold level of subjective annoyance from noise in this study; there is preferable relationship between the indoor noise and noise annoyance at low frequency noise level. Study indicated at the same centered noise level, the change of annoyance probability is mainly caused by the change of the frequency spectrum characteristic of the indoor noise. Under low noise level environment, without change of the medium_low frequency noise, the slight increase of medium_high frequency noise level with the help of noise sheltering effect can significantly reduce the noise annoyance. This discovery brings a new resolution on how to improve the environmental quality of working or living places. A noise control model is given in this study according to the acoustic analysis.

Assessment of Traffic Noise Pollution in Burla Town,India;An InclusiveAnnoyance Study

Noise pollution is one of the major public health problems in urban areas throughout the world.Noise is unwanted sound which produces undesirable problems in day to day life of human being(e.g.,physiological and psychological problems).Rapid increase of the industrialization,urbanization,infrastructure,volume of motor vehicles,and increase in the road networks brought noise pollution to the highest level of disaster in a current situation.In urban areas,road traffic noise plays commanding role among all noise sources and affects the exposed inhabitants.The present work is done to evaluate and assess the traffic noise and its effects in Burla town.Burla,Vidyanagari of Odisha,is an emerging town in India,as it hosts national level of teaching and research institutions like IIM Sambalpur,a medical college-cum-hospital(VIMSAR),a technical university(VSSUT)and Sambalpur University.In last two decade,the road traffic volume has been increased and is facing severe noise pollution to its inhabitants.Noise pollution assessment was made at different locations of the town.This study unveiled the dismal state of noise pollution in the town.Noise contour maps were drawn to visualize the noise level at the traffic and its surroundings.The numbers of hearing impaired patients in different hospitals of the locality are increasing.That shows grim picture of the situation.Regression equations were established taking noise levels with percentage of highly annoyed people during study indicates strong correlation.

A Study of Noise &Development of Traffic Noise Annoyance Models

Although noise annoyance is a major public health problem in urban areas, noise problem is still a great challenge for both public and transportation planners. The quantitative study of traffic noise and its relationship with annoyance & traffic volume was discussed in the paper and at the same time we tried to develop new statistical regression models to relate them. In the present study we also tried to fit different regression models such as Log-Linear, Linear, Log-Log Linear and Quadratic over noise data and decided which model fitted the best by using mathematics of principle of maxima & minima. After the identification of best fit curve we use this to fit our data. The aim of the study was to assess the predictive value of various factors on noise annoyance in noisy and quiet urban streets of New Delhi, capital of India.

Effects of Noise Sensitivity, Noise Exposure, and Affluent Status on Aircraft Noise Annoyance

Subjective discomfort of airport community is often assessed as reported noise annoyance in relation to noise exposure level and noise sensitivity. In addition, it has been mentioned that higher affluent people appear to have higher contention to aircraft noise, but there is little literature explicitly supporting that. This paper investigates the relationships among aircraft noise exposure level, noise sensitivity, affluence status, aircraft noise annoyance, and annoyance by other noise sources (e.g., road traffic and neighbor noise). A structural equation model is developed and estimated using data collected from residents, aged between 18 and 77 years old, living near Manila airport in the Philippines (N = 321). Results show that noise sensitivity, noise exposure level, and affluent status have positive effects on aircraft noise annoyance, suggesting that higher affluent people are substantially more annoyed by the aircraft noise than lower affluent people. The results also indicate that the annoyance by other noise sources is significantly influenced by noise sensitivity (p < 0.01), but not by the affluent status. This implies that people with higher affluent status consider more about the noise generated from aircraft than the noise from other sources. Following an airport development plan, the aviation authorities should also consider the affluent status of nearby communities in order to formulate a better aircraft noise management near that airport.

Noise Annoyance Due to Wind Flow Interaction with a Building’s Facade

The analysis of acoustic emissions generated by the interaction between the wind and a building’s facade of approximately 90 m high, located in the city of Montevideo, is presented. There is a helipad on the roof of the building. It is surrounded by a perforated plate (4.87 m high). Once the building was finished, complaints about the noise annoyance were expressed by some neighbors and working population in the building. Measurements of sound pressure levels on the site have been done. Also the possible acoustic sources were physically characterized. The noise source was identified: the acoustical emissions were associated with a phenomenon caused by wind speeds above 20 m/s from different directions, generating high sounds pressure levels in octave band of 4000 Hz, after its passage through the perforated plate on the contour of the roof. These studies were complemented by measurements in wind tunnel using a physical model built with the same plate installed in the building, which allowed verifying the results.

Annoyance and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study Involving Two Noise Sources

Noise remains a potent degrader of health in many global contexts, capable of inducing severe annoyance and sleep disturbance. An epidemiological study was undertaken to compare noise annoyance and health-related quality of life of individuals residing close to a major international airport or wind turbine complex with those located in demographically matched areas. Results indicate that domains of health-related quality of life may be degraded in those living in areas more likely to induce noise annoyance. Furthermore, the addition of aviation noise to environments already encroached by road noise may induce further annoyance and degradations in health-related quality of life, indicating that one noise sources may not mask the impact of another.

基于音调度模型的电驱动总成噪声分析

为分析低速大扭矩电驱动总成不同频段噪声对烦恼度的贡献,以某低速大扭矩电驱动总成为研究对象,结合心理声学理论建立了电驱动总成音调理论分析模型,考虑到不同频率下音调对主观烦恼度影响程度的差异性,建立修正音调(烦恼度)理论分析模型,并结合噪声源分布特征对比分析了由电驱动总成引起的低频噪声(0~400 Hz)、中频噪声(>400~2500 Hz)和高频噪声(>2500 Hz)的声品质烦恼度,结果表明,影响烦恼度的最重要因素是电磁力波和开关频率引起的噪声,其次为变速器齿轮噪声。

劳动之烦何以形成?

真正的劳动是一种自由的劳动,而不是异化劳动;是自觉的劳动,而不只是出自本能的活动;是创造性的劳动,而不是简单重复的劳动。它是基于辛劳和痛苦的价值创造和自我实现,因此它带给人的是劳动之乐。但是在现实生活中,人们却因为劳动之苦、劳动之卑、劳动之缚产生了劳动之烦,马克思也从劳动、劳动产品、劳动者的类本质、劳动者间的关系四个方面全面、系统地论述了劳动之烦的根源——异化劳动。劳动教育的目标就是教育学生从劳动之烦体验到劳动之乐,并乐于劳动。

音频注入法及其在家用电器中的应用

噪声污染是当今社会亟需解决的重要问题之一,过量的噪声会对人的听觉和非听觉健康造成不同程度的伤害,传统的噪声控制方法主要以降低声能量为目标。然而,从听觉感知的角度看,降噪的根本目的是降低以烦恼为主的负面效应,为此人们提出了另一种减轻噪声烦恼度的方法,即音频注入法(Audio Injection Method,AIM)。相较于传统的噪声控制方法,AIM具有实施简便、成本低廉等显著优点,在各个领域,尤其是家电领域有广泛的应用前景。综述了国内外针对AIM的研究进展,首先介绍产品声品质评价的综合性参数和属性参数,之后介绍AIM中相消效应的形成与评价,主要包括音频注入法的原理及相关术语、调控声的确定方法、实验方法等,最后给出了AIM在户外及家电产品声品质提升中的实际案例。

地铁线路邻近建筑物室内振动烦恼率预测分析

为实现地铁线路邻近建筑物室内振动舒适度定量计算,提出场地振动响应数值模拟与链式衰减公式相结合的预测的方法,得到不同类型建筑物室内振动响应。首先,以预测振级为自变量,采用正态分布函数描述人对振动感觉的随机性,建立地铁线路邻近建筑物室内振动烦恼率模型;其次,以石家庄地铁为例,建立了场地振动预测模型,借助链式衰减公式,得到不同类型建筑物的室内振动烦恼率分布规律。研究结果表明:建立的烦恼率模型变异系数取0.15时,均方根误差为0.086,模型预测精度满足要求;在设计工况下给出了各类建筑物在不同区域的达标距离,对于0类区域,Ⅰ~Ⅴ类建筑物达标距离分别为12,14,20,44和46 m,对于5类区域任意距离都达标。该研究成果可为烦恼率评价法在地铁沿线建筑物振动舒适度预测和评估应用提供参考。

电动汽车座舱内部噪声的非线性心理声学烦恼度建模

拟研究电动汽车座舱内部噪声特性对声学舒适性的影响。通过道路试验获取4种典型路面工况下某型电动汽车在不同车速下的舱内噪声,计算分析其心理声学参数,开展烦恼度主观评价实验,并基于非线性Zwicker心理声学烦恼度及其修正模型进行建模研究。结果显示,随着车速和路面粗糙程度变大,响度逐渐提高,尖锐度也随车速增大而变大;Zwicker心理声学烦恼度模型更适用于电动汽车座舱内部噪声。

声源水平位置对噪声烦恼度影响的实验研究

开展了自由空间中声源水平位置变化对噪声烦恼度变化规律及其影响因素的实验研究。将三类典型声信号通过头相关传递函数滤波后得到不同水平方位下的待评价声信号,然后通过主观评价实验得到烦恼度的水平空间分布特性,最后基于双耳声学参量对烦恼度进行相关与回归分析。结果表明,不同类型声音的烦恼度随水平角的变化趋势基本一致,在11级评分中,由声源水平位置引起的相对正前方的烦恼度变化范围大约是-1~2分;声源位于正后方时烦恼度最小,在左方和右方烦恼度最大。分析表明:相对双耳响度或双耳响度差对三种声音的烦恼度影响显著;相对双耳互相关系数对宽带声的影响大,但对窄带声影响不明显;主要影响参量的种类与观测信号的频率分布有关。影响烦恼度的主要因素既与声音整体感知有关,也与耳间差异有关。

城市公园鸟鸣声持续时间对交通噪声烦恼度的影响研究

鸟鸣声作为城市绿色空间中生物声景的主导成分之一,对减缓城市居民压力起到关键的作用。本研究目的在于探究城市公园中鸟鸣声持续时间对交通声造成心理压力的恢复作用以及鸟鸣声驱动因素与交通噪声烦恼度的内在联系。以加拿大温哥华市的3个城市公园为例,对41个观测点进行实验研究。通过让受试者先后倾听交通噪声和鸟鸣声,比较受试者交通噪声烦恼度的数值变化。研究结果表明:1~4 kHz的倍频带频率与鸟鸣声持续时间以及交通噪声烦恼度具有较强的相关性;持续时间超过20秒的鸟鸣声均可降低交通噪声烦恼度,但超过120秒后效果将减弱;鸟鸣声持续时间达到60秒和80秒时效果最优,交通噪声烦恼度减缓率可达26.67%和22.22%。在实际应用中可增加浆果类植物吸引鸣禽,并增设可调控时长的鸟鸣声播放设备,以期有效降低城市公园交通噪声烦恼度。

低频声信号的等烦恼度曲线研究

低频噪声污染扰民问题越来越受到关注。由于低频噪声会使人们主观上感受到烦恼,因此基于等烦恼度的低频噪声主观评价方法成为研究热点。为此,从人体主观感受的角度研究低频噪声引起的烦恼变化规律,从而得到低频声信号的等烦恼度曲线。研究中招募被试,对声级从45~75 dB、频率从100~315 Hz的42个低频声信号开展主观烦恼度的绝对幅值评估实验,并对评价结果进行方差分析和数据拟合,得到不同频率下的剂量-效应公式,经过验证后绘制100~315 Hz低频范围内的等烦恼度曲线。研究结果表明,在声压级方面,低频声烦恼度满足剂量-效应的幂指数变化规律。在频率方面,同声级更低频率的声信号引起的烦恼度更高。该研究成果可为低频噪声的评价和治理提供思路与借鉴。

Assessing the inter-annual variability of separation distances around odour sources to protect the residents from odour annoyance

In recent years, there has been a growing concern about potential impacts on public health and wellbeing due to exposure to environmental odour. Separation distances between odour-emitting sources and residential areas can be calculated using dispersion models, as a means of protecting the neighbourhood from odour annoyance. This study investigates the suitability of using one single year of meteorological input data to calculate reliable direction-dependent separation distances. Accordingly, we assessed and quantified the inter-annual variability of separation distances at two sites with different meteorological conditions, one in Brazil and the other in Austria. A 5-year dataset of hourly meteorological observations was used for each site. Two odour impact criteria set in current regulations were selected to explore their effect on the separation distances. The coefficient of variation was used as a statistical measure to characterise the amount of annual variation. Overall,for all scenarios, the separation distances had a low degree of inter-annual variability(mean coefficient of variation values from 8% to 21%). Reasonable agreements from year to year were therefore observed at the two sites under investigation, showing that one year of meteorological data is a good compromise to achieve reliable accuracy. This finding can provide a more cost-effective solution to calculate separation distances in the vicinity of odour sources.

地铁场站咽喉区上盖建筑结构振动测试

为研究地铁运行对上盖建筑的振动影响,以福州市某轨道交通线地铁场站咽喉区上盖建筑为测试对象,采用现场测试的方法,对地铁场站咽喉区上盖建筑楼板中央和剪力墙脚处的振动响应特征进行分析,并基于烦恼度模型对其舒适度作出评价。研究结果表明:随着楼层数的增加,楼板跨中铅垂向振动逐渐衰减,而第四层为振动放大层,其楼板及剪力墙脚的振动加速度有效值均被放大;楼板铅垂向振幅峰值的优势频率为40~70 Hz,剪力墙脚铅垂向振幅峰值集中在10 Hz附近,随着楼层数的增加呈现先衰减后放大的趋势,而水平垂轨向振幅与楼层数正相关,振幅峰值集中在0~20 Hz和40~60 Hz;楼板振动加速度级VAL在1~50 Hz随频率增加而增大,在50~80 Hz随频率增加而逐渐降低,且第一层VAL超出一级限值,各铅垂向Z振级VLZ整体上随楼层数的增加而减小;地铁运营状态下,地铁场站咽喉区上盖物业居住者在第一层卧室中可能会产生“轻度烦恼”的生活体验。研究成果可为地铁场站上盖建筑结构的减振设计提供参考。