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Ozone and Aerosol Influence on Ultraviolet Radiation on the East Coast of the Brazilian Northeast 被引量:4
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作者 Alexandre Boleira Lopo Maria Helena Constantino Spyrides +1 位作者 Paulo Sérgio Lucio Javier Sigró 《Atmospheric and Climate Sciences》 2014年第1期92-99,共8页
The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of Total Ozone and Aerosols about variability of Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) in the east coast of the Northeastern region of Brazil through measures from multi... The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of Total Ozone and Aerosols about variability of Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) in the east coast of the Northeastern region of Brazil through measures from multispectral sensor GUV (Ground-based Ultraviolet Radiometer). The methodology consisted of descriptive study and cluster analyses using data of UV in channels UVB (305 nm) and UVA (320 nm, 340 nm and 380 nm) and data of UV index, Total Ozone, Aerosol, Global Solar Radiation, Cloudiness and Wind. The results for city of Natal indicated that an annual event occurs in September/October which stabilizes the UV or UV Index when Total Ozone levels reach their annual maximum. This event is influenced by marine Aerosol that is found on mainland at a higher concentration in September due to greater Wind intensity and their southeasterly direction (sea for land). The cluster analysis using the variables above allowed us to detect three different groups: the first group is formed by Natal, Recife and Jo?o Pessoa and so determined that this event occurs in these three cities;the second group is formed by Maceió, Aracaju and Salvador and the third group includes only Fortaleza and had different results. 展开更多
关键词 Cluster Analyses RADIOMETER Global Solar Radiation CLOUDINESS annual event of spring from uv
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论西周金文记时语词及大事系“年”的史学意义 被引量:6
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作者 王晖 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2015年第1期122-132,共11页
以《孟子·离娄下》"《诗》亡然后《春秋》作"及今天所见所有出土文字资料情况来看,在春秋之前还未产生由史官记载下来的《春秋》类编年体史书,但是编年体史书的两大要素即年月日时间与国家大事记在西周时期金文中已经出... 以《孟子·离娄下》"《诗》亡然后《春秋》作"及今天所见所有出土文字资料情况来看,在春秋之前还未产生由史官记载下来的《春秋》类编年体史书,但是编年体史书的两大要素即年月日时间与国家大事记在西周时期金文中已经出现了。西周金文资料中所记述事件的开头往往有年、月、月相、干支日,用来表明事件发生的时间,也常常记载相当于后世"起居注"形式的时王活动以及国家大事;还常有大事系"年"的现象,表明这一时期已具有选择一件大事作为某年标志的历史意识。这一现象的出现,标志着西周时的人们要在漫长历史岁月中记住那些发生了历史大事及其相应年岁的历史观念,而这种历史大事和相应的年岁正是编年体史书的两大要素。由此可见《春秋》编年体史书的两大要素在西周时已经基本酝酿成熟了,但西周还未出现有体系的史书。我国重视历史事件时间要素的现象在世界上是独一无二的。 展开更多
关键词 《春秋》 西周金文 编年体史书 大事系年
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