<strong>Context and Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The product of the electr...<strong>Context and Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The product of the electromagnetic (EM) wave’s power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> times its period </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">τ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, is the amount of energy conserved in EM wave’s absorption in matter. Whether </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is the amount of energy conserved in the emission of EM waves from matter is not assessed. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Motivation:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In this </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">research, we perform a computational study to explore the ability of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to repr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">esent the amount of energy conserved in EM wave’s emission from</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> matter. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hypothesis:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Since the magnitude of the power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of emitted EM waves computed through Larmor’s formula for a rotating dipole is excessively small, we alternatively hypothesize that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the law of conservation of energy can lead to a realistic estimation of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We estimate the power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the anomalous microwave emission (AME), a well-characterized radiation generated in the interstellar medium (ISM) by spinning dust grains, and one </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">possible source of contamination of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">For our estimation of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, we assume the AME to be generated in a molecular cloud mostly populated by spinning silicate nanoparticles (SSNs) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) spinning dust grains. Indeed, SSNs and PAHs are listed among the most probable sources of AME, and their characteristics are well-known. We discriminate between realistic and non-realistic values of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> based upon the magnitude of two parameters that depend on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: the significant distance </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">z</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and the time of photon production </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The parameter z is the space interval from the spinning dust grain within which the spinning dust grain’s electric field is effective. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Using the information available for AME, SSNs and PAHs, we estimate the power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> using both Larmor’s formula and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. We compare and comment the results obtained for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">z</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Our study highlights the effectiveness of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">over Larmor’s formula in providing a realistic value of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. This finding might have consequences in quantum technology of single photon detection and production.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
文摘<strong>Context and Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The product of the electromagnetic (EM) wave’s power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> times its period </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">τ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, is the amount of energy conserved in EM wave’s absorption in matter. Whether </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is the amount of energy conserved in the emission of EM waves from matter is not assessed. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Motivation:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In this </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">research, we perform a computational study to explore the ability of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to repr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">esent the amount of energy conserved in EM wave’s emission from</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> matter. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hypothesis:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Since the magnitude of the power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of emitted EM waves computed through Larmor’s formula for a rotating dipole is excessively small, we alternatively hypothesize that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the law of conservation of energy can lead to a realistic estimation of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We estimate the power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the anomalous microwave emission (AME), a well-characterized radiation generated in the interstellar medium (ISM) by spinning dust grains, and one </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">possible source of contamination of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">For our estimation of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, we assume the AME to be generated in a molecular cloud mostly populated by spinning silicate nanoparticles (SSNs) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) spinning dust grains. Indeed, SSNs and PAHs are listed among the most probable sources of AME, and their characteristics are well-known. We discriminate between realistic and non-realistic values of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> based upon the magnitude of two parameters that depend on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: the significant distance </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">z</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and the time of photon production </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The parameter z is the space interval from the spinning dust grain within which the spinning dust grain’s electric field is effective. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Using the information available for AME, SSNs and PAHs, we estimate the power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> using both Larmor’s formula and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. We compare and comment the results obtained for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">z</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Our study highlights the effectiveness of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">over Larmor’s formula in providing a realistic value of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. This finding might have consequences in quantum technology of single photon detection and production.</span></span></span></span>