Wideband radar cross-section reduction by a double-layer-plasma-based metasurface

Reduction of the radar cross-section(RCS) is the key to stealth technology. To improve the RCS reduction effect of the designed checkerboard metasurface and overcome the limitation of thinlayer plasma in RCS reduction technology, a double-layer-plasma-based metasurface—composed of a checkerboard metasurface, a double-layer plasma and an air gap between them—was investigated. Based on the principle of backscattering cancellation, we designed a checkerboard metasurface composed of different artificial magnetic conductor units;the checkerboard metasurface can reflect vertically incident electromagnetic(EM) waves in four different inclined directions to reduce the RCS. Full-wave simulations confirm that the doublelayer-plasma-based metasurface can improve the RCS reduction effect of the metasurface and the plasma. This is because in a band lower than the working band of the metasurface, the RCS reduction effect is mainly improved by the plasma layer. In the working band of the metasurface,impedance mismatching between the air gap and first plasma layer and between first and second plasma layers cause the scattered waves to become more dispersed, so the propagation path of the EM waves in the plasma becomes longer, increasing the absorption of the EM waves by the plasma. Thus, the RCS reduction effect is enhanced. The double-layer-plasma-based metasurface can be insensitive to the polarization of the incoming EM waves, and can also maintain a satisfactory RCS reduction band when the incident waves are oblique.

Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna for Radar Applications

The work in this article focuses on developing and improving the performance of new leaky-wave antenna configurations that can be adapted for use in radar systems. The study focused on the W-band, where we demonstrated the possibility of modifying resonant frequencies and reducing the number of patches required. The antenna was designed using HFSS, based on the finite element method. It we designed enabled us to observe the influence of the number of patches on the radiation pattern, and also to achieve low levels of minor’s lobes. and good directivity at the operating frequency. These patches are arranged in the shape of an inverted T. The interest of this study is to meet the requirements of radar antennas dedicated to detection.

Ultra-wideband low radar cross-section metasurface and its application on waveguide slot antenna array

A novel approach devoted to achieving ultra-wideband radar cross section reduction（RCSR） of a waveguide slot antenna array（WGSAA） while maintaining its radiation performance is proposed. Three kinds of artificial magnetic conductors（AMCs） tiles consisting of three types of basic units resonant at different frequencies are designed and arranged in a novel quadruple-triangle-type configuration to create a composite planar metasurface. The proposed metasurface is characterized by low radar feature over an ultra-wideband based on the principle of phase cancellation. Both simulated and measured results demonstrate that after the composite metasurface is used to cover part of the antenna array, an ultrawideband RCSR involving in-band and out-of-band is achieved for co-and cross-polarized incident waves based on energy cancellation, while the radiation performance is well retained. The proposed method is simple, low-cost, and easy-tofabricate, providing a new method for ultra-wideband RCSR of an antenna array. Moreover, the method proposed in this paper can easily be applied to other antenna architectures.

RADAR CROSS-SECTION COMPUTATIONS OF ARBITRARILY COMPLICATED TARGETS BY APPLYING THE PANEL METHOD

The present paper deals with the method for the radar cross-section (RCS)computations of arbitrarily complicated targets based on the work by D. Klement et al.(1988).This method is convenient in use, fast in operation and precise in calculating RCS of a complicatedtarget. With this method, the RCS of classic scatterers, for example, a cone and a cylinder, arecomputed with the result of good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, the RCS’of an aircraft model at various attitudes are calculated with the result of good agreement withexperimental data also.

Radar Cross-section Imaging of a Rotating Object with a Multi-frequency Holography

A new method called multi-frequency holography (MFH) for two-dimensional radar cross-section imaging of rotating objects is introduced, in which a constant coherent reference signal from transmitted signal is added into received signal over certain frequency-width. With the MFH only the intensity of received composite signals needs to be measured. Both imaging situations of far field and near field are considered in details. Special restrictions about the MFH are also discussed and simulated by numerical computation. Examples of numerical simulation show that the method is effective, applicable and perspective.

An ultra-wideband 2-bit coding metasurface using Pancharatnam–Berry phase for radar cross-section reduction

An ultra-wideband 2-bit coding metasurface is designed for radar cross-section(RCS) reduction. The design process is presented in detail, in which a polarization conversion metasurface(PCM) is first proposed. The proposed PCM can realize ultra-wideband circular polarization(CP) maintaining reflection. Moreover, Pancharatnam–Berry(PB) phase will be generated in the co-polarized reflection coefficient by rotating the metallic patches in its unit cells. Thus, based on the PCM, the four coding elements of a 2-bit coding metasurface are constructed using PB phase, and an ultra-wideband PB 2-bit coding metasurface is proposed according to an appropriate coding sequence. The simulated and experimental results show that the coding metasurface has obvious advantages of wideband and polarization-insensitivity. Compared to a metallic plate of the same size, it can achieve more than 10 dB RCS reduction in the frequency band from 9.8 GHz to 42.6 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 125.2% under normal incidence with arbitrary polarizations.

MONOSTATIC RADAR CROSS SECTION FOR REFLECTOR ANTENNAS

The calculation formulas of monostatic radar cross-section (RCS) of arbitrary re-flectors with arbitrarily polarized plane-wave incidence are derived, where the spicular field isobtained by geometrical optics (GO) and the edge-diffracted field is calculated by the method ofequivalent currents (MEC). Some typical calculated results are given by means of RCS spatialgraphs. For both horizontal and vertical polarizations, the theoretical results obtained in thispaper agree very well with the experimental results as well as the results from uniform theory ofdiffraction.

Antenna selection in MIMO radar with collocated antennas

An antenna adjustment strategy is developed for the target tracking problem in the collocated multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO)radar.The basic technique of this strategy is to optimally allocate antennas by the prior information in the tracking recursive period,with the objective of enhancing the worst-case estimate precision of multiple targets.On account of the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound(PCRLB)offering a quantitative measure for target tracking accuracy,the PCRLB of joint direction-of-arrival(DOA)and Doppler is derived and utilized as the optimization criterion.It is shown that the dynamic antenna selection problem is NP-hard,and an efficient technique which combines convex relaxation with local search is put forward as the solution.Simulation results demonstrate the outperformance of the proposed strategy to the fixed antenna configuration and heuristic search algorithm.Moreover,it is able to offer close-to performance of the exhaustive search method.

Antenna geometry strategy with prior information for direction-finding MIMO radars

The antenna geometry strategy for direction finding （DF） with multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） radars is studied. One case, usually encountered is practical applications, is consi- dered. For a directional antenna geometry with a prior direction, the trace-optimal （TO） criterion （minimizing the trace） on the av- erage Cramer-Rao bound （CRB） matrix is employed. A qualitative explanation for antenna geometry is provided, which is a combi- natorial optimization problem. In the numerical example section, it is shown that the antenna geometries, designed by the proposed strategy, outperform the representative DF antenna geometries.

TIME-SPACE 3D MATCHED FILTERING FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SYNTHETIC IMPULSE AND ANTENNA RADAR

The principle and performance of Synthetic Impulse and Antenna Radar(SIAR) are analyzed with the concept of 3D matched filtering. The discussion here is concentrated on the characteristics of SIAR in the case of three dimensions. The results obtained are helpful for designing this new style radar.

An Analysis of Mutual Interference in Radar Systems Using Dual-Band (Ka / X) Antennas

An analysis of mutual interfering sources on RF systems using dual-band (Ka / X) radar is presented. The purpose of this paper is to improve operational performance of the system from the point of view of EMC design. The experimental dual-band antenna system have decreased the disturbing effects of most mutual interfering sources.

Analysis of the False Alarm Fault in Antenna-servo System of Weather Radar

A false alarm fault frequently appeared in antenna-servo system of the CINRAD/SA weather radar of Shanwei in the second half of 2011, so possible reasons for the false alarm fault were listed firstly using method of exhaustion, and then the main reason was determined using exclusive method. That is, the fault was closely related to the signal transmission channel from the antenna mount to servo system in RDA cabinet. After ex- amining questionable nodes in the transmission channels of the alarm signal, we found that the false alarm fault might result from the interference of a burr in the temperature sensing circuit of the elevation motor. In actual operation, a filter capacitor was connected with the corresponding pin in the upper optical board to screen the interference of a burr, thereby successfully eliminating the false alarm fault in antenna-servo system of the CIN- RAD/SA radar of Shanwei.

天气雷达站电磁环境影响监测研究

天气雷达站产生的超标电磁辐射会对人体造成严重的损伤。为此,提出天气雷达站电磁环境影响监测与分析。分析天气雷达站电磁影响因素,结合发射天线的方向函数,构建雷达功率密度模型。测试结果表明,对于S波、C波段、X波段,真实值与计算值呈现随距离增加而降低的趋势。对于三个波的频段,当接近天线的远场区时,计算值与真实值逐渐接近,相对误差均较小,说明模型在远场区的适用性更强;研究算法与实测值的拟合程度较高;在模型的应用中,真实反映了某市区的电磁辐射情况。

基于共享孔径技术的低RCS电磁超构表面天线设计

提出一种基于共享孔径技术设计低雷达散射截面(radar cross section,RCS)电磁超构表面天线的新方法.该方法首先设计具有低RCS性能的超构表面,然后借鉴共享孔径技术思想,将超构表面和传统天线的辐射结构直接共享口径紧密排列,得到新型低RCS天线结构,并结合电流分析和局部结构修正,优化天线的辐射性能,最终同时实现天线的良好辐射和宽带低RCS性能.为了阐明该方法,基于极化旋转机理设计了一款低RCS超构表面,采用共享孔径思想和电流分析,得到了一款宽带低RCS超构表面天线,详细分析了该天线的工作机理与性能.结果表明:设计的天线在保证较好辐射的同时,实现了超宽带RCS减缩,提出的设计方法摒弃了从天线到低RCS天线的传统设计思路,通过逆向思维,将散射的优化问题转化为辐射的优化问题,不仅实现了天线与超构表面的一体化设计,还显著地降低了低RCS天线优化设计的难度,加速了天线优化进程.

大型精密测量相控阵雷达天线座力学仿真应用研究

超大规模雷达天线座结构系统复杂,造价高、研制周期紧张,如何保证天线座结构设计一次成功,满足雷达结构技术要求是天线座研制的难题。文中结合工程研制,从天线座结构系统力学设计,计算模型建模原则、建模方法、轴承等关键部位连接处理、仿真模型简化与等效,有无斜梁结构方案仿真结果比较与选取,以及轨道平面度、辅助支撑力确定到最终结构优化进行了阐述,对大型雷达天线座结构设计具有一定的指导意义。

基片集成波导馈电的毫米波雷达阵列天线

为了满足毫米波雷达的应用需求,本文设计了一款工作于24 GHz的毫米波雷达阵列天线。该天线由八个1×8单元的微带串馈直线阵列组成平面阵列,每一个线阵采用中心馈电的形式,解决了传统串馈阵列波束偏离阵列法线的问题。同时,利用基片集成波导设计了低损耗的馈电网络,且将馈电网络和辐射贴片排布为两层,大大减小了天线的平面尺寸。此外,本设计中还利用泰勒综合法优化设计了阵列单元的宽度和功分器的分配比例,从而同时优化了天线E面和H面的旁瓣电平。测试结果表明,天线在23.7 GHz~24.2 GHz的频带内|S11|<-10 dB,相对带宽约为2.1%,最大增益为21.1 dB。天线在电场面旁瓣电平小于-20 dB,磁场面小于-23 dB,整体效率约为69%。

基于低秩块Hankel矩阵正则化的阵元故障MIMO雷达DOA估计

多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达在阵元故障时虚拟阵列输出数据矩阵会出现大量的整行数据丢失,由于阵列接收数据矩阵的不完整而导致对波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)的估计性能恶化。大多数低秩矩阵填充算法要求缺失数据随机分布于不完整的矩阵中,无法适用于整行缺失数据的恢复问题。为此,提出了一种基于低秩块Hankel矩阵正则化的阵元故障MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。首先,通过奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)降低虚拟阵列输出矩阵的维度,以减少计算复杂度。然后,对降维数据矩阵建立基于块Hankel矩阵正则化的低秩矩阵填充模型,在该模型中将MIMO雷达降维数据矩阵排列成块Hankel矩阵并施加Schatten-p范数作为正则项。最后,结合交替方向乘子法(Alternate Direction Multiplier Method,ADMM)求解该模型,获得完整的MIMO雷达降维数据矩阵。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效恢复降维数据矩阵中的整行数据缺失,具有较高的DOA估计精度和实时性,在阵元故障率低于50.0%时DOA估计精度优于现有方法。

某型雷达天线座旋变轴弯曲故障分析

研究对象为机械扫描的多普勒体制机载雷达,采用平板裂缝天线和伺服传动系统实现雷达的波束扫描。天线座是伺服传动系统的关键组成部分。该型天线座已稳定生产多批次,工艺变更后进行了试生产,首件在随机振动验证试验中出现了方位旋变轴弯曲故障。在分析天线座组成和工作原理的基础上,通过开展仿真分析和试验验证,给出了故障产生的原因和机理,并采取了针对性的改进措施,有效地确保了后续批产天线座的质量稳定,对同类工程问题具有重要的参考价值。

某相控阵雷达分布式液冷系统设计研究

天线阵面是有源相控阵雷达的核心,液冷机组作为一种为电子设备提供特定温度冷却液的装置,目前在雷达天线阵面电子设备的冷却方面得到了广泛的应用。基于机动式雷达的高热耗、高重量指标要求、高可靠性及苛刻的环境适应要求,研制了风冷型100kW液冷机组。采用液冷机组与天线阵面协同设计技术,将液冷机组分5个单元布置在有源阵面的中块骨架上,实现了液冷机组与天线阵的集成设计,使液冷机组重量减少54%、体积减小65%、成本降低30%。同时该液冷机组在防风沙及防盐雾环境适应性设计、管路穿舱密封设计等方面进行了关键技术攻关,对后续高集成液冷机组设计提供了借鉴。

ATLAS VTS雷达天线超强台风受损分析、维修及保护实践

结合ATLAS雷达天线(含齿轮箱,特别说明除外)结构特点,分析该天线在珠海多次超强台风环境下的受损原因、总结维修经验和介绍天线保护实践。以期对使用和维护该天线的单位和个人提供有益参考,为国产VTS雷达天线在抗风能力的设计和完善上提供有价值的使用场景和需求反馈。