The cingulum,the neural tract connecting the orbitofrontal cortex with the medial temporal lobe,plays an important role in cognition(Bush et al.,2000).It is also important in memory because it provides cholinergic i...The cingulum,the neural tract connecting the orbitofrontal cortex with the medial temporal lobe,plays an important role in cognition(Bush et al.,2000).It is also important in memory because it provides cholinergic innervations to the cerebral cortex after obtaining innervation from the medial septal nucleus,the vertical nucleus of the diagonal band, and the nucleus basalis of Meynert via the medial cholinergic pathway (Nieuwenhuys et al., 2008; Naidich and Duvernoy, 2009; Hong and Jang, 2010a).展开更多
In this study, we reported on a patient who showed a new neural tract between the injured anterior cingu- lums and the basal forebrain, as shown by diffusion tensor tractography (DTT).
~[he cingulum, a long neural tract extending from the orbitof- rontal cortex to the medial temporal lobe, obtains cholinergic innervation from three cholinergic nuclei in the basal fore- brain (the nucleus basalis of...~[he cingulum, a long neural tract extending from the orbitof- rontal cortex to the medial temporal lobe, obtains cholinergic innervation from three cholinergic nuclei in the basal fore- brain (the nucleus basalis of Meynert [Ch 4], the medial septal nucleus [Ch 1 ], and the vertical nucleus of the diagonal band [Ch 2]), and is the passage of the medial cholinergic pathway which supplies cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex (Folstein et al., 1975; Selden et al., 1998; Lucas-Meunier et al., 2003). Therefore, it is important for cog- nition, especially memory function (Selden et al., 1998).展开更多
Objectives: The anterior cingulate is thought to be essentially involved in impulsivity and affect regulation and in the pathogenesis of depression as well as of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. At the same t...Objectives: The anterior cingulate is thought to be essentially involved in impulsivity and affect regulation and in the pathogenesis of depression as well as of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. At the same time alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the frontal forebrain have been found in imaging studies in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and in depressive patients. Therefore we hypothesized that glutamate/glutamine (Glx) signals in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of depressed ADHD patients might differ from that in non-depressed patients. Methods: Fourteen male adult patients with ADHD were included into the study. Chemical Shift Imaging of ACC was performed. Subgroups were defined based on scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and ratios of metabolites were compared between groups. Additionally correlation analyses of BDI scores with metabolite ratios were calculated. Results: Significantly lower Glx signals and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) signals were found in the left anterior cingulate cortex of depressed ADHD patients. The Glx/Cr and NAAX/Cr ratios in the left ACC correlated significantly with BDI-scores. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first report about a relationship between depressive symptoms and metabolite disturbances in ACC of adult patients with ADHD. Our preliminary data produce first evidence for a putative link between neurochemical alterations in the ACC and depressive symptoms. They should be controlled for in further studies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIP)No.2015R1A2A2A01004073
文摘The cingulum,the neural tract connecting the orbitofrontal cortex with the medial temporal lobe,plays an important role in cognition(Bush et al.,2000).It is also important in memory because it provides cholinergic innervations to the cerebral cortex after obtaining innervation from the medial septal nucleus,the vertical nucleus of the diagonal band, and the nucleus basalis of Meynert via the medial cholinergic pathway (Nieuwenhuys et al., 2008; Naidich and Duvernoy, 2009; Hong and Jang, 2010a).
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIP)(2015R1A2A2A01004073)
文摘In this study, we reported on a patient who showed a new neural tract between the injured anterior cingu- lums and the basal forebrain, as shown by diffusion tensor tractography (DTT).
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,No.2015R1D1A4A01020385
文摘~[he cingulum, a long neural tract extending from the orbitof- rontal cortex to the medial temporal lobe, obtains cholinergic innervation from three cholinergic nuclei in the basal fore- brain (the nucleus basalis of Meynert [Ch 4], the medial septal nucleus [Ch 1 ], and the vertical nucleus of the diagonal band [Ch 2]), and is the passage of the medial cholinergic pathway which supplies cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex (Folstein et al., 1975; Selden et al., 1998; Lucas-Meunier et al., 2003). Therefore, it is important for cog- nition, especially memory function (Selden et al., 1998).
文摘Objectives: The anterior cingulate is thought to be essentially involved in impulsivity and affect regulation and in the pathogenesis of depression as well as of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. At the same time alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the frontal forebrain have been found in imaging studies in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and in depressive patients. Therefore we hypothesized that glutamate/glutamine (Glx) signals in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of depressed ADHD patients might differ from that in non-depressed patients. Methods: Fourteen male adult patients with ADHD were included into the study. Chemical Shift Imaging of ACC was performed. Subgroups were defined based on scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and ratios of metabolites were compared between groups. Additionally correlation analyses of BDI scores with metabolite ratios were calculated. Results: Significantly lower Glx signals and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) signals were found in the left anterior cingulate cortex of depressed ADHD patients. The Glx/Cr and NAAX/Cr ratios in the left ACC correlated significantly with BDI-scores. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first report about a relationship between depressive symptoms and metabolite disturbances in ACC of adult patients with ADHD. Our preliminary data produce first evidence for a putative link between neurochemical alterations in the ACC and depressive symptoms. They should be controlled for in further studies.