Protective effects of blueberry anthocyanin extracts on hippocampal neuron damage induced by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field

The protective effects of blueberry anthocyanin extracts against damage induced by extremely lowfrequency electromagnetic field(ELF-EMF)were investigated in a rat model.Wistar rats were exposed to ELF-EMF with or without the administration of blueberry anthocyanin extracts(50,100,and 200 mg/kg per day intragastrically once a day)for 30 days.Blueberry anthocyanin extracts supplementation inhibited the decrease in Nissl substance levels,cell membrane integrity,and mitochondrial membrane potential induced by ELF-EMF;prevented the increase in nitric oxide,malondialdehyde,and Ca2+concentrations;suppressed superoxide dismutase and glutathione depletion;and enhanced the cognitive ability of the rats exposed to ELF-EMF.The protective effects of blueberry anthocyanin extracts against hippocampal neuron injury caused by ELF-EMF were dose-dependent.These results demonstrated that blueberry anthocyanin extracts suppress hippocampal neuron injury caused by ELF-EMF by inhibiting cell membrane damage and oxidative stress pathways,and suggested that blueberry anthocyanin treatment potentially prevents hippocampal neuron injury.

Evaluation of the Liver Cancer Prevention of Anthocyanin Extracts from Mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i>L.) Variety PR-01

This study aims to evaluate the preventive effects of anthocyanins extracts (MAEs) from mulberry variety PR-01 against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. It was found that 150 mg·kg-1 MAEs treatment significantly reduced the NDEA-induced hepatic nodules incidence and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence by 58.30% and 41.70% compared to the model group. Meanwhile, MAEs significantly restored the elevated the liver function enzymes, inhibited the tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels, elevated the serum interleukin-10 and interferon-γ and increased hepatic glutathione-S-transferase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B1 enzyme activity. Moreover, 150 mg·kg-1 MAEs supplement enhanced glutathione content and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities but reduced the malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances content by 37.90% and 44.52%. Furthermore, MAEs pretreatment maintained nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, heme oxygenase-1, and NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase1 stimulation and inhibited the expression of TNF-α, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), indicating that MAEs exhibit effectively prevention effects against liver cancer via decreased lipid peroxidation, induced Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes and attenuating the inflammatory mediators COX-2 through NF-κB pathway. Thus, MAEs of mulberry variety PR-01 may be used as a good functional dietary supplement against liver cancer.

Blueberry anthocyanins extract attenuates oxidative stress and angiogenesis on an in vitro high glucose-induced retinopathy model through the miR-33/GLCCI1 axis

Background:Diabetes retinopathy(DR)is a complication of diabetes that affects patients’vision.Previous studies have found blueberry anthocyanins extract(BAE)can inhibit the progression of DR,but its mechanism is not completely clear.Methods:To study the role of BAE in diabetes retinopathy,we treated human retinal endothelial cells(HRCECs)with 30 mM high glucose to simulate the microenvironment of diabetes retinopathy and used BAE to intervene the in vitro high glucose-induced retinopathy model.HRCEC cell viability and apoptosis rates were examined by Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK-8)assay and flow cytometry assay.The binding sites between miR-33 and glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1(GLCCI1)were assessed by luciferase reporter assay.Retinal neovascularization and oxidative stress contribute to diabetic retinopathy.The tubule formation assay was applied to detect the retinal neovascularization.The oxidative stress in the HRCECs was manifested by the reactive oxygen species(ROS)level,the malondialdehyde(MDA)level,and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity.Results:Compared with HRCECs cells cultured under normal conditions,high glucose(HG)can induce oxidative stress in HRCRCs,specifically manifested in the increase of ROS and MDA levels,and the decrease of SOD activity.BAE relieved the tubule formation in n the HRCEC.BAE also relieved the ROS and MDA levels and increased the SOD activity.Luciferase reporter assay revealed that GLCCI1 is a target molecule downstream of miR-33.In HRCEC,BAE significantly inhibited the expression of miR-33 induced by HG.miR-33 mimic inhibited the BAE’s effects on oxidative stress and angiogenesis in an in vitro high glucose-induced retinopathy model.Conclusion:BAE alleviated the oxidative stress and microangiogenesis of HRCEC by regulating the miR-33/GLCCI1 axis.

Optimization of Extraction Process of Anthocyanins from Selenium-enriched Purple Potato by Response Surface Methodology

Ultrasound-assisted extraction method was applied to extract the anthocyanins from selenium-enriched purple potato,and the optimum extraction conditions for anthocyanins in selenium-enriched purple potato were obtained by response surface methodology:the phosphoric acid concentration of 1.0%,the solid-liquid ratio at 5,and the extraction time of 19 min.Under these conditions,the yield of anthocyanins in selenium-enriched purple potato reached(0.409±0.010)mg/g(RSD=2.51%,n=3).The extraction of anthocyanins from selenium-rich fresh purple potato with dilute phosphoric acid has the advantages of less acid consumption and good extraction effect.

微波辅助提取紫甘蓝中花青素工艺优化的研究

以紫甘蓝为提取原料,以乙醇和柠檬酸混合溶液为提取剂,通过微波提取法提取紫甘蓝中的花青素,采用紫外分光光度计法测定紫甘蓝中花青素的吸光度,根据标准曲线和花青素含量的计算公式计算出紫甘蓝中花青素的含量。通过单因素试验得出料液比、乙醇与柠檬酸体积比、提取温度、提取时间对紫甘蓝花青素含量的影响。利用正交试验和验证试验得出紫甘蓝花青素最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶25,乙醇与柠檬酸体积比3∶7,提取功率400 W,提取时间3 min。

酸化甘油-超声辅助提取杨梅花青素工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

目的 通过响应面实验确定酸化甘油-超声辅助提取杨梅花青素最佳提取参数,并探究其体外抗氧化活性。方法 研究了酸化甘油浓度、提取时间、超声功率和提取温度4个单因素对杨梅花青素得率的影响,并优化花青素提取工艺参数。此外,考察了最佳提取工艺下杨梅花青素对3种氧化自由基的清除率和还原力等指标,评估了其抗氧化活性。结果 优化后的酸化甘油-超声辅助提取杨梅花青素的工艺条件为:酸化甘油浓度16%、提取时间42 min、超声功率204 W、提取温度46℃,此条件下杨梅花青素的得率为(6.915±0.027) mg CGE/g DW,接近预测值(6.961 mg CGE/g DW)。提取的杨梅花青素质量浓度为100μg/mL时,对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除率分别为59.35%、46.77%和61.65%。该浓度下,杨梅花青素的还原力为维生素C的39.84%。结论 本研究成功地应用响应面法优化了酸化甘油-超声辅助提取杨梅花青素的提取参数,并且提取物展现出良好的抗氧化活性。

超声波辅助提取黑薯皮中花青素的工艺研究

以黑薯皮为提取原料、酸化甲醇为提取溶剂,采用超声波辅助提取黑薯皮中的花青素。以花青素的提取率为考察指标,首先研究提取温度、料液比、超声功率、超声时间、酸化甲醇浓度等单因素对黑薯皮中花青素提取率的影响。在单因素研究的基础上采用正交实验法进行优化和组合,最终确定黑薯皮中花青素提取的最佳工艺条件如下:提取温度55℃、料液比1∶25(g:mL)、超声功率270 W、超声时间25 min、酸化甲醇浓度50%,在此条件下,黑薯皮中花青素的提取率为10.90%。研究还表明,影响黑薯皮中花青素提取率的因素顺序为:料液比>提取温度>酸化甲醇浓度>超声功率>超声时间。

蓝莓果渣花色苷提取纯化工艺研究

蓝莓果渣中的花色苷经超声辅助乙醇法进行提取,通过正交试验确定提取的最优条件为料液比1∶30(g/mL)、pH 3.0、乙醇体积分数50%、超声时间30 min,然后利用大孔树脂对粗提得到的花色苷进行分离纯化,对比了XDA-6、LX-16、LX-41、LX-180S、LK825、DM216种大孔树脂的吸附和解吸效果。结果表明,LK825型大孔树脂的吸附率和解吸率分别为90.36%、90.19%,具有较强的吸附能力和较好的解吸性能,故选用LK825型大孔树脂进行纯化试验。LK825型大孔树脂静态试验的最优条件为吸附平衡时间7 h、解吸平衡时间5 h、提取液pH 3.0、解吸液pH 3.0、解吸液乙醇体积分数60%。动态试验的最优参数为上样流速1.0 mL/min、上样液体积22 BV、上样浓度1.0 mg/mL、洗脱流速1.5 mL/min、解吸液体积9 BV。纯化后蓝莓果渣花色苷的含量和色价分别是纯化前的12.8倍和17.9倍,纯度明显提高。

黑果枸杞花色苷的提取、纯化及降解动力学研究

以花色苷提取量为主要考察指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化冻干黑果枸杞花色苷提取工艺,并在此条件下研究花色苷纯化工艺及其降解动力学,探讨不同温度、pH下花色苷提取量的变化。结果表明,提取最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:25(g:mL)、乙醇浓度60%、pH4、提取时间2 h,此条件下花色苷提取量达36.507±0.325 mg/g。研究显示AB-8大孔树脂纯化黑果枸杞花色苷效果最好,对花色苷吸附量和解吸量的影响效果最佳,其最佳条件为:上样液浓度200 mg/100 g,解吸乙醇浓度80%,上样流速2 mL/min,洗脱流速2 mL/min,上样体积为5 BV,纯化率为90.02%。降解动力学研究结果表明:相同pH下,随着温度升高花色苷的降解速率增大、半衰期减少;此外,花色苷在酸性环境中较稳定,在碱性环境下易降解,当pH为3,50℃时花色苷稳定性最好,t_(1/2)最大为38.5 h,Ea最大为41.89 kJ/mol。因此黑果枸杞花色苷提取量与其提取、纯化及温度、pH的工艺条件密切相关,本研究为黑果枸杞花色苷的提取及饮品开发提供技术支撑。

蓝莓花色苷生理活性、提取纯化及稳态化研究进展

花色苷是蓝莓中的主要酚类活性成分,因其良好的抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、护眼等活性而备受关注,然而花色苷容易受到光照、氧气、pH值、金属离子等因素的影响,且人体吸收利用率低,限制了其应用。本文综述了蓝莓花色苷的功能活性、提取纯化方法及稳态化技术,为蓝莓花色苷在食品领域的应用提供参考。

桑椹花色苷提取及其改性开发应用研究进展

桑椹作为桑资源中重要的一部分,其含量丰富的花色苷为桑资源的多元化开发利用提供了物质基础。桑椹中主要的花色苷包括矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3-O-芸香糖苷,它们具有抗氧化、抗炎等功效,有着良好的开发应用前景。目前,多样的提取技术也被逐步开发应用于桑椹花色苷的提取,以提高桑椹花色苷的提取效率。然而,桑椹花色苷在稳定性、溶解性方面的劣势限制了更广泛的应用开发,因此需要通过花色苷改性的方法拓展其开发应用场景。本文综述了桑椹花色苷提取方法,并分析目前针对桑椹花色苷改性的开发应用现状,以期为桑椹产业的可持续发展提供参考和建议。

紫马铃薯花色苷提取工艺优化及稳定性、抗氧化活性分析

以甜菜碱为氢键受体,有机酸、糖基和醇基分别为氢键供体制备天然绿色的低共熔溶剂,基于微波辅助提取法,通过单因素实验并结合响应面分析对紫马铃薯花色苷提取工艺进行优化。主要考察了微波时间、微波功率、溶剂含水量、溶剂摩尔比对紫马铃薯花色苷含量的影响。同时比较低共熔溶剂与常规溶剂提取对紫马铃薯花色苷在不同温度、光照条件下的稳定性,以及DPPH、ABTS^(+)、OH自由基清除率评价体外抗氧化能力。结果表明,以甜菜碱和柠檬酸制备酸性低共熔溶剂,摩尔比1:2.1,含水量为28.6%,在微波功率800 W,微波时间28 s条件下,紫马铃薯花色苷含量可达到228.658±1.241 mg/100 g,较常规提取工艺含量提高了56.92%。此外通过低共熔溶剂提取所得花色苷在不同光照、温度条件下稳定性均显著提高。其中太阳光对紫马铃薯花色苷影响最大,避光情况下低共熔溶剂提取花色苷保存率可达90%以上,常规溶剂提取花色苷保存率为82.78%,此外,花色苷含量也随着温度的增加不断降低,二者保存率均明显下降。抗氧化能力结果表明,低共熔溶剂提取所得花色苷抗氧化能力更强,其清除自由基能力IC_(50)值均小于常规溶剂提取。DPPH自由基清除能力IC_(50)值从45.95μg/mL降至41.54μg/mL;ABTS+自由基清除能力IC_(50)值从17.81μg/mL至11.30μg/mL;OH自由基清除能力IC_(50)值从162.00μg/mL至22.44μg/mL。因此紫色马铃薯花色苷含量、稳定性和抗氧化活性与其提取溶剂的选择密切相关,本提取工艺的研究为紫马铃薯花色苷的利用开发提供了新思路。

果蔬花色苷的理化特性、提取技术及功能活性研究进展

花色苷是一种水溶性类黄酮化合物,是果蔬等植物中的主要呈色物质。果蔬花色苷具有抗氧化、改善心血管健康、保护视力、预防肥胖、保护神经以及抗肿瘤等生理功能。该文系统介绍了不同果蔬来源花色苷的理化特性、提取方法及其功能活性的研究进展,以期为其在食品和医药领域的深入研究和应用提供参考。

超声波辅助提取黑枸杞中花青素工艺优化的研究

以青海黑枸杞为原料,采用超声波辅助提取技术对黑枸杞中的花青素进行了提取,然后利用紫外分光光度计法测定其吸光度,并依据花青素含量计算公式计算出黑枸杞中的花青素含量。通过单因素试验得出,乙醇与柠檬酸体积比、料液比、提取时间、提取功率对黑枸杞花青素的提取含量有显著影响。结果表明,在乙醇和柠檬酸的体积比为3∶7(mL∶mL),料液比为1∶20(g∶mL),提取时间为25 min,提取功率为195 W时,黑枸杞花青素的超声波辅助提取达到最佳。

隆子黑青稞花青素提取及体外抗氧化活性分析

为了分析花青素提取液的体外抗氧化活性。以‘隆子黑青稞’为原料,采用超声波辅助酸水法提取‘隆子黑青稞’花青素,并采用正交实验优化了工艺条件。结果表明‘,隆子黑青稞’花青素的提取得率受料液比的影响最大,其次是水浴提取温度和超声温度,在液料比20 mL:1 g,超声温度40℃,超声时间40 min,水浴提取温度60℃,水浴提取时间为3 h的提取条件下,得率最高。同一样品对不同自由基的清除能力不同,整体来说,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力最强,‘隆子黑青稞’花青素粗提液对自由基有一定的清除能力。

紫薯花青素的提取及其对小鼠免疫调节活性的研究

目的:探讨采用微波辅助法提取的紫薯花青素对小鼠的免疫调节作用。方法:选取新鲜紫薯5 g,微波辅助法获得紫薯花青素的粗提物(3.8±0.6)mg。取64只4周龄昆明小鼠为实验对象,分为对照组(生理盐水100 mg·kg^(-1))和不同剂量紫薯花青素低、中、高处理组(40 mg·kg^(-1)、80 mg·kg^(-1)、160 mg·kg^(-1)),每组各16只,每日灌胃处理,30 d后进行小鼠免疫器官指数、腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能以及脾细胞的增殖能力免疫实验测定。结果:与对照组比较,不同剂量紫薯花青素处理组的脾脏指数均显著提高(P<0.05),而胸腺指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同剂量紫薯花青素处理组的巨噬细胞吞噬率与吞噬指数均明显增强,中高剂量组增加更加显著(P<0.05);随着紫薯花青素剂量的增加,紫薯花青素处理组的脾细胞增殖能力也明显增强(P<0.05)。结论:紫薯花青素能够增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力,促进巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,增强非特异性免疫水平,提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力;表明紫薯花青素具有一定的免疫调节功能。

蓝莓花青素提取与分离研究进展

蓝莓花青素是蓝莓中重要的生物活性物质,具有多种生物活性,在食品、医药、化妆品、保健品等领域应用广泛。为了能够更好地开发利用蓝莓花青素,综述了国内外蓝莓花青素的提取、分离方法研究进展,以期为蓝莓花青素的深度开发提供一定技术参考。

葡萄皮渣花青素提取工艺研究

以云南夏黑葡萄皮渣为原料,首先研究了料液比、乙醇体积分数、提取时间、提取温度等单因素对葡萄皮渣花青素提取率的影响,进而采取正交试验将提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,葡萄皮渣花青素提取的最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶40,乙醇体积分数50%,提取时间35 min,提取温度50℃,葡萄皮渣花青素的最大提取量为10.605 mg/g。

Low Cost Process for Phenolic Compounds Extraction from Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon). Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Phenolic compounds are naturally extracted molecules used nowadays for several industrial applications such as food preservatives and neutraciticals;thus industrial needs are in constant growth. Optimization of phenolic compounds (PC) and monomeric anthocyanins (MA) extraction from grape berries using response surface methodology was here achieved. Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) are a rich source of anti-radical phe- nols, extractable as dietary supplements. However, efficiency of extraction strongly depends on specific experimental conditions. In this work, the comparison between two extraction mixtures, Acetone/Water (A/W) and Methanol/Water (M/W) and the effects of three critical variables—Extraction Time (between 8 and 88 h), Extraction Temperature (between 1?C and 35?C) and Solvent Content (between 63% and 97%)—on Phenolic Compounds Yield (PCY) and Monomeric Anthocyanins Yield (MAY) were studied using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Process conditions maximizing the PCY were found to be 87% A/W solvent content, after 88 h incubation at 26?C, and those of the MAY were found to be 97% M/W solvent content, after 8 h incubation at 1?C. In addition, chromatographic profiles of extracts showed very different affinities of the phenolic compounds families to the experimental conditions employed. This process advantages are: low percentage of organic solvent used, high quality of extracted molecules thanks to low temperature treatment, very low energy consumption and low cost of needed machinery. At industrial scale, it may be used as promising technique for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant or byproduct material such as from wine or grape juice industries.

百香果果皮主要有效成分连续提取工艺

百香果是西番莲科西番莲属的芳香热带水果,其果皮约占鲜果的55%,富含膳食纤维、维生素、花色苷及果胶等多种有效成分,加强对百香果皮的产业化利用具有重要的环境价值和商业潜力。为充分利用百香果皮资源,提高百香果皮有效成分的利用率,先后采用微波辅助、超声波辅助和微生物发酵技术,从百香果皮中提取果胶、花色苷和膳食纤维等有效成分,通过单因素试验和响应面分析对提取过程的各阶段关键环节进行优化。结果表明:百香果果皮中果胶最佳提取条件为液料比65∶1(mL/g)、pH 2.5、微波功率450 W、微波时间5.0 min;从提取果胶后的滤渣中提取花色苷的最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度50%,液料比60∶1(mL/g),pH 3.5,超声功率550 W,超声时间35 min;从提取果胶和花色苷后的百香果皮渣中提取膳食纤维最佳提取条件为液料比12.5∶1(mL/g),接种量5.0%,发酵温度35℃,发酵时间20 h,在此工艺条件下,百香果皮中果胶、花色苷和膳食纤维的得率分别为12.45%±0.06%、1.21%±0.03%和55.56%±0.05%。联产工艺中,花色苷、膳食纤维的得率虽然与单产相比分别减少了15.39%、11.43%,但从总效益来看,联产工艺节约了原料,且一次工艺流程可获得3种产品,粗略估算,联产工艺的效益分别是单产果胶、花色苷和膳食纤维的2.67倍、14.99倍、0.31倍。该百香果果皮联产工艺探索了一次性连续提取果胶、花色苷和膳食纤维3种有效成分,减少了资源浪费、环境污染、提取剂消耗,既可使废弃的天然有机资源得到合理的研究、利用及开发,有效降低生产成本,提高百香果皮利用率和附加值,使百香果果皮变废为宝,增加农民收入;又可使工艺更加接近实际生产应用,拓宽百香果生产加工的产业链条,为百香果果皮的精深加工和高值化利用提供示范。