Robustα-Fe_(2)O_(3)/Epoxy Resin Superhydrophobic Coatings for Anti-icing Property

α-Fe_(2)O_(3)/epoxy resin composite superhydrophobic coating was prepared withα-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles and epoxy resin by spin coating method.The coating without epoxy resin has higher contact angle(CA)and lower ice adhesion strength(IAS),but the mechanical properties are poor.Theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)/epoxy resin composite superhydrophobic coating exhibits good mechanical durability.In addition,compared with the bare aluminum substrate,the Ecorr of the composite coating is positive and the Jcorr is lower.The inhibition efficiency of the composite coating is as high as 99.98%in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution.The difference in the microstructure caused by the two preparation methods leads to the changes in mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of composite superhydrophobic coating.

Neurosyphilis complicated by anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor encephalitis: A case report

BACKGROUND Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum that can invade the central nervous system,causing encephalitis.Few cases of anti-N-methyl-Daspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis(AE)secondary to neurosyphilis have been reported.We report a neurosyphilis patient with anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor(GABABR)AE.CASE SUMMARY A young man in his 30s who presented with acute epileptic status was admitted to a local hospital.He was diagnosed with neurosyphilis,according to serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)tests for syphilis.After 14 d of antiepileptic treatment and anti-Treponema pallidum therapy with penicillin,epilepsy was controlled but serious cognitive impairment,behavioral,and serious psychiatric symptoms were observed.He was then transferred to our hospital.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)crude test results showed only 2 points.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant cerebral atrophy and multiple fluidattenuated inversion recovery high signals in the white matter surrounding both lateral ventricles,left amygdala and bilateral thalami.Anti-GABABR antibodies were discovered in CSF(1:3.2)and serum(1:100).The patient was diagnosed with neurosyphilis complicated by anti-GABABR AE,and received methylprednisolone and penicillin.Following treatment,his mental symptoms were alleviated.Cognitive impairment was significantly improved,with a MMSE of 8 points.Serum anti-GABABR antibody titer decreased to 1:32.The patient received methylprednisolone and penicillin after discharge.Three months later,the patient’s condition was stable,but the serum anti-GABABR antibody titer was 1:100.CONCLUSION This patient with neurosyphilis combined with anti-GABABR encephalitis benefited from immunotherapy.

Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on Repairing of Phenol-Induced Vaginal Mucosal Epithelium Damage in Rats

Objective: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of β-glucan on the repair of damaged vaginal mucosa, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the inflammatory factor-6 (IL-6) in vaginal tissues. Methods: Thirty-six adult female specific pathogen free (SPF)-grade Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 phase groups with 12 rats each. Vaginal inflammation rat models were established by injecting phenol gel into the vagina of each rat at a dose of 0.1 ml/100g body weight. After modeling, rats were divided into 4 groups based on different concentrations of the test agent. The control group was injected with 0.5 ml of saline, experimental group A was injected with 0.375 ml saline 0.125 ml β-glucan, experimental group B was injected with 0.25 ml saline 0.25 ml β-glucan, and experimental group C was injected with 0.50 ml β-glucan. The injection sites were selected at the 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock positions of the vagina. Rats were sacrificed at 7-, 14-, and 28-days post-injection, and tissue samples were collected from the injection sites and prepared for histological analysis. New blood vessels and fibroblast numbers in the tissues were observed after Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression levels of VEGF and IL-6 in the tissues were measured using quantificational reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: Histological examination of vaginal tissue specimens at 7-, 14-, and 28-days post-injection showed that on day 7, there were no significant changes in the experimental groups compared to the control group. However, on days 14 and 28, the experimental groups showed more new blood vessels, macrophages, and fibroblasts with increased activity compared to the control group. The expression levels of VEGF in vaginal tissues were elevated on days 14 and 28 in the experimental groups. The comparison of IL-6 levels in vaginal tissues on day 28 showed that serum IL-6 levels returned to normal, and there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: In the 3 experimental phases, the increase in VEGF levels in vaginal tissues on day 14 post-injection was more pronounced with higher concentrations of β-glucan, and IL-6 levels returned to normal on day 28. β-Glucan can enhance VEGF levels in damaged vaginal tissues, promote the repair of damaged vaginal tissues, and higher concentrations of β-glucan have a better effect.

Periodontitis and Inflammation: Plasma High Titer Naturally Occurring Anti-Glucan Antibodies Form Immune Complex with Streptococcus mutans Antigen

Atheromatous plaques usually contain antigens of the periodontitis-causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans though molecular mechanism of this incorporation remains unknown. Since vascular adhesion and inflammatory potential of Immune Complexes (IC) are known we investigated the naturally occurring plasma antibodies that recognize major antigens from S. mutans. S. mutans-binding plasma proteins (SMBP) prepared by affinity chromatography on a column of heat-killed S. mutans could recognize α- and β-linked glucose in dextran and yeast respectively but not galactose in glycoproteins. SMBP contained only three proteins, each corresponding in electrophoretic mobility to standard plasma IgG, IgA or IgM. The major positively and negatively charged protein antigens (PSMAg and NSMAg) isolated from S. mutans by electrophoresis and ion exchange chromatography respectively were recognized sugar-reversibly by the anti-β-glucan antibody (ABG) and though less avidly, by the dextran-binding immunoglobulin (DIg) in normal plasma. NSMAg addition resulted in near doubling of IC-bound immunoglobulins in immunoglobulin-rich fraction of plasma. IC isolated from above fraction after NSMAg addition had substantially more IgA and IgM content than total plasma immunoglobulins. IC formation by NSMAg was significantly inhibited by ABG- and DIg-specific sugars or by selective withdrawal of ABG or DIg from plasma. ABG and DIg being relatively high titer plasma antibodies IC formation with them suggested a possible route for vascular adhesion and damage by S. mutans and its antigens. Further, high IgA content of these ICs indicated their susceptibility to tissue uptake through cell surface galectin-1 for which IgA is the lone immunoglobulin ligand.

Mushroomβ-glucan and polyphenol formulations as natural immunity boosters and balancers:nature of the application

Mushrooms are experiencing a kind of renaissance as a part of the contemporary human diet.These valuable organisms are more than food,they fit in perfectly as a novel market group known as nutra-mycoceuticals.Immune-balancing mushroom dietary fibers and secondary metabolites such as polyphenols are the main focus of the healthcare industry.Wellness and cosmetic companies are increasingly using mushroom extracts rich in these ingredients.This review considers the basic molecular immunomodulatory mechanisms of action of the most commonly used mushroom dietary fibers,β-glucans.The literature data on their bioavailability,metabolic transformations,preclinical and human clinical research,and safety are discussed.Immunomodulatory mechanisms of polyphenol ingredients are also considered.These molecules present great potential in the design of the new immunity balancer formulations according to their widespread structural diversity.Finally,we draw attention to the perspectives of modern trends in mushroom nutraceutical and cosmeceutical formulations to strengthen and balance immunity.

β-Glucans: Characterization, Extraction Methods, and Valorization

β-glucans are bioactive compounds with a wide range of biological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulating properties. Due to their specific physical properties, such as (in)solubility, viscosity, and gelation, β-glucans are increasingly being used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the different types of β-glucans, their sources, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, and the methods of extraction, isolation, and purification of β-glucans, with the aim of optimizing these methods for the efficient production process. Moreover, the physico-chemical properties, modifications, current applications and future prospects of the use of β-glucans in food, medicines, cosmetics and other potential value-added products are summarized. The data presented indicate that β-glucans will play an increasingly important role in the sector of special-purpose food products as well as in other current and future areas.

青枯病生防菌ANTI-8098A的微胶囊化技术

以明胶和阿拉伯胶为壁材,通过复凝聚法进行青枯病生防菌ANTI-8098A微胶囊的制备,研究壁材浓度、 生防菌ANTI-8098A发酵液添加浓度、搅拌速度、酸碱度和甲醛固化条件对微胶囊粒径、形状的影响。试验结果表 明.用2.5％明胶和2.5％阿拉伯胶为壁材制备青枯病生防菌ANTI-8098A微胶囊,条件为pH值4.0、生防菌发酵 液浓度10％～30％、搅拌速度400 r·min-1、固化时添加1％的甲醛溶液.生防菌的包被率可稳定在70％左右,微 胶囊为圆形.平均直径为30.8～57.3μm,生防菌微胶囊萌发率达93％以上。

MAPKs在anti-β_2 GPI/β_2 GPI刺激THP-1细胞表达TF过程中的作用探讨

目的:探讨丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPKs)在anti-β2 GPI/β2 GPI复合物诱导单核细胞株THP-1表达组织因子(TF)中的活化及其作用。方法:利用荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)、TF活性试剂盒等分别检测anti-β2 GPI/β2 GPI复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达TF mRNA及TF活性,Western blot检测细胞表达p38、磷酸化-p38(p-p38)、ERK1/2、磷酸化-ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)、JNK、磷酸化-JNK(p-JNK)的情况。进一步采用p38、ERK1/2、JNK抑制剂(SB203580、U0126、SP600125)观察是否能阻断anti-β2 GPI/β2 GPI复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达TF。结果:Anti-β2 GPI/β2 GPI复合物(100μg/ml)能够显著增强THP-1细胞表达TF,并使p-p38、p-ERK1/2、p-JNK水平显著升高(P<0.05 vs control);其引发的MAPKs磷酸化具有时间效应性,均在刺激30分钟时达到高峰;对应的特异抑制剂SB203580(10μmol/L)、U0126(5μmol/L)、SP600125(90 nmol/L)单独或合并处理THP-1细胞后,anti-β2 GPI/β2 GPI复合物诱导细胞TF mRNA表达及TF活性的效应明显被阻断(P<0.01 vs control)。结论:Anti-β2 GPI/β2 GPI复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达TF过程中,MAPKs被激活进而发挥重要作用。

TLR4在anti-β2GPⅠ/β2GPⅠ复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达TF中的作用探讨

目的:探讨TLR4及相关信号分子在anti-β2GPⅠ/β2GPⅠ复合物诱导单核细胞株THP-1表达组织因子(TF)中的作用。方法:利用荧光定量PCR(Real-timePCR)检测anti-β2GPⅠ/β2GPⅠ诱导THP-1细胞TFmRNA表达,采用试剂盒检测细胞TF活性;利用自制的β2GPⅠ胶联亲和层析柱(β2GPⅠ-Affi-Gel)分析β2GPⅠ与THP-1细胞表面相应受体结合情况;Real-timePCR及Western蛋白印迹检测anti-β2GPⅠ/β2GPⅠ复合物诱导细胞表达TLR4、MyD88、MD-2情况;观察TLR4途径抑制物——紫杉醇是否干预anti-β2GPⅠ/β2GPⅠ复合物对细胞的作用。结果:Anti-β2GPⅠ/β2GPⅠ复合物(100μg/ml)诱导THP-1细胞TF表达显著增加(P<0.05);THP-1细胞表面的TLR4能够结合于β2GPⅠ-Affi-Gel柱;Anti-β2GPⅠ/β2GPⅠ复合物(100μg/ml)刺激THP-1细胞表达TLR4、MyD88、MD-2显著升高(P<0.05);紫杉醇(1μmol/L)能够抑制anti-β2GPⅠ/β2GPⅠ复合物对细胞的刺激效应。结论:TLR4及相关信号分子在anti-β2GPⅠ/β2GPⅠ复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达TF中具有重要作用。

生防菌ANTI-8098A对青枯雷尔氏菌不同致病力菌株抑制作用的差异性

采用共培养法测定了生防菌ANTI-8098A对青枯雷尔氏菌强致病力菌株F-01-V和无致病力菌株F.1.3-010602-01-A的抑制作用,并以链霉素作参照。结果表明,生防菌ANTI-8098A对F-01-V的抑制作用较强,抑制率与生防菌培养液菌体数成正相关;对F.1.3-010602-01-A的抑制作用则较弱,菌体数为20.0×108cfu/ml的生防菌液对F.1.3-010602-01-A的抑制率为14.7%,而对F-01-V的抑制率高达99.5%。链霉素对F-01-V和F.1.3-010602-01-A都具有较强的抑制作用,抑制率与浓度成正相关,但是对F.1.3-010602-01-A的抑制作用更强:浓度为0.25U/ml的链霉素溶液,对F.1.3-010602-01-A的抑制率为50.0%,而对F-01-V的抑制率仅为3.3%。应用生防菌ANTI-8098制剂进行田间防治茄子青枯病的试验结果表明,生防菌制剂的防治效果达92.11%,显著地比农用链霉素的防效(72.81%)高。研究结果为阐述生防菌ANTI-8098对青枯雷尔氏菌的致弱现象提供了依据。

青枯病生防菌ANTI-8098A菌株发酵过程氨基酸变化动态的研究

青枯病生防菌ANTI- 80 98A发酵过程的氨基酸测定结果表明 :ANTI - 80 98A的氨基酸代谢消耗发生在 0～ 2 4h ,消耗了 87.0 7%的总氨基酸 ;代谢累积发生在 2 4～ 4 8h ,4 8h的总氨基酸为 0h的 1 .6 7倍。在 1 7种测定的氨基酸中 ,1 6种氨基酸都表现出与总氨基酸类似的变化趋势 ,丝氨酸在 32h有最大值 ;根据含量大小可分为 3类 ,根据变异系数大小也可分为 3类 ,其中谷氨酸含量 ,丝氨酸变异系数最大。氨基酸种类特性的聚类分析结果表明 :当λ =1 7.5 0时 ,氨基酸变化可分为 4大类。发酵时间的聚类分析结果表明 :当λ=2 5 .36时 ,可分为 3大类 。

生防菌ANTI-8098A对青枯雷尔氏菌致病力的影响

经生防菌蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus菌株ANTI-8098A处理后,番茄青枯雷尔氏菌Ral-stoniasolanacearum强致病力菌株弱化为无致病力菌株,弱化指数由0.40转变为0.86,回接番茄苗发病率由100.0%转变为0。同时,生防菌处理后的无致病力菌株在培养24h以前菌体生长能力显著增加,其中在12h时生长速率增长最快,达到了5.6倍;紫外-可见光吸收值明显下降,OD450nm由0.5740降为0.2644;高效液相离子交换色谱的表征由前峰<后峰转变为前峰>后峰;对生防菌异源蛋白的吸附由2种蛋白质(97.4kD和116.0kD)转变为1种蛋白质(97.4kD)。结果表明:ANTI-8098A对青枯雷尔氏菌具有致弱作用,并使其生理生化特性产生显著的变化。

ANTI-8098A在土壤的存活能力测定及其对土壤微生物种群数量的影响

生防菌ANTI-8098A以制剂和菌粉的状态施用到菜园土壤后,研究其在土壤中的存活状况及其对土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌种群数量的影响,结果表明:经ANTI-8098A制剂处理的土壤,14 d和60 d后ANTI-8098A的菌体数量分别为5.1×105cfu/g、3.6×104cfu/g,比用ANTI-8098A菌粉处理的土壤中ANTI-8098A的菌体数量高159和116倍;ANTI-8098A制剂处理14 d后,土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的种群数量依次为1.7×108cfu/g、2.8×105cfu/g、3.5×106cfu/g,分别比ANTI-8098A菌粉处理的高54.55%、7.69%和45.83%。

青枯病生防菌ANTI-8098A菌株生物学特性的研究

对青枯病生防菌ANTI-8098A菌株的形态、生理生化特征和培养特性进行了初步鉴定和分析,初步确定了该菌的生物学特性。结果表明,该菌为芽孢杆菌(0.8μm×2.2μm),周生鞭毛,多为四联体形式,芽孢椭圆形。该菌甲基红反应阳性,接触酶反应阳性,水解利用淀粉,也能利用赖氨酸。其生长的最适温度在30～35℃。当pH为7.5时,发酵液中含菌量为最高(48 h),菌数达58.2×108个·ml-1,最佳pH值为7.5。在研究培养基营养时,比较了7种碳源和4种氮源,结果表明,葡萄糖是最好的碳源,氨基氮优于硝基氮或尿素。

生防菌ANTI-8098A对青枯雷尔氏菌生物测定方法的研究

试验利用番茄组培苗对青枯雷尔氏菌接菌方法进行了比较 ,并进行了生防菌 ANTI- 80 98A对青枯雷尔氏菌体外抑制作用的生物测定。试验结果表明 ,灌根法接菌 6d后的平均死亡率为 84.40 % ,剪叶法接菌6d后番茄组培苗的平均死亡率为 98.34% ,剪叶法接种的番茄组培苗的发病速度高于灌根法。青枯雷尔氏菌浓度较低 (0 .1× 1 0 8以下 )时 ,灌根法接菌 6d后番茄组培苗的平均死亡率为 61 .5% ,剪叶法接菌 6d后番茄组培苗的平均死亡率为 1 0 0 .0 % ,剪叶法引起的发病率更高。采用剪叶法进行生防菌 ANTI- 80 98A对青枯雷尔氏菌体外抑制作用的结果表明 ,1 0 0和 2 0 0倍菌液处理组的番茄组培苗不发病 ,防效达 1 0 0 % ;30 0倍番茄组培苗第 7d发病率为 1 5% ,防效达 85%。

Effects of dietary yeast β-glucan on nutrient digestibility and serum profiles in pre-ruminant Holstein calves

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of yeast 13-glucan on the nutrient digestibility and serum profiles in pre-ruminant Holstein calves. Forty-two neonatal Holstein calves （（39.6＋4.2） kg） were randomly allotted to six groups, and each was offered one of the following diets： a basal diet （control） or the basal diet supplemented with 25, 50, 75, 100 or 200 mg of yeast 13-glucan kg-~ feed （dry matter basis）. The basal diet consisted of a milk replacer and a starter feed. The trial lasted for 56 d. Two digestibility trials were conducted from d 14 to 20 and from d 42 to 48. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 14, 28 and 42 for serum profile analyses. On d 56, three calves from each group were slaughtered, and intestinal samples were collected to assess the villous height, crypt depth and mucosal thickness. Although feed intake was not affected by dietary treatment （P〉0.05）, the average daily gain （ADG） and gain-to-feed ratios were higher （P〈0.05） for the calves fed 75 mg of yeast β-glucan kg^-1 feed than those in the other groups. The supplementation of yeast β-glucan at 75 mg kg^-1 feed increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter （DM）, crude protein （CP）, ether extract （EE）, and phosphorus （P） （P〈0.05） and the ratio of intestinal villous height to crypt depth （V/C） （P〈0.05） when compared with the control group. No effects of yeast β-glucan on the serum concentrations of total protein （TP）, albumin （ALB）, serum urea nitrogen （SUN） and glucose （GLU） were observed （P〉0.05）. Compared with the control group, supplementation of yeast β-glucan decreased （P〈0.05） the serum concentrations of triglycerides （TG） and total cholesterol （TC）. The serum concentration of immunoglobulin G （IgG） and immunoglobulin M （IgM） increased quadratically （P〈0.05）, whereas the serum concentration of immunoglobulin A （IgA） was unaffected by dietary treatments （P〉0.05）. The supplementation of yeast β-glucan stimu- lated the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase （ALP） （P〈0.05） compared with the control group. The lysozyme （LYZ） concentration increased quadratically （P〈0.05） with increasing yeast β-glucan levels. The results suggested that dietary supplementation of yeast 13-glucan at 75 mg kg^-1 feed improved nutrient digestibility, enhanced immunity by increasing the immunoglobulin concentration and stimulating ALP, and exerted no adverse effects on metabolism in pre-ruminant calves.

State of the art and practice of pavement anti-icing and de-icing techniques

Pavement snow and icing are worldwide problems, but effective countermeasures are just beginning to be developed in China. The two most common snow and ice removal methods are mechanical clearance and chemical melting, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed here, including environmental and structural damage caused by corrosive snow melting agents. New developments in chemical melting agents and mechanical equipment are discussed, and an overview of alternative thermal melting systems is presented, including the use of geothermy and non-geothermal heating systems utilizing solar energy, electricity, conductive pavement materials, and infrared/microwave applications. Strategic recommendations are made for continued enhancement of public safety in snow and ice conditions.

ANTI-8098A防治大白菜软腐病效果好

大白菜软腐病(Erwinia carotovora Var.)属细菌性病害,是白菜的三大病害之一.一般多从根茎部开始发生,初呈水渍状,半透明,后向内、向上蔓延,使包心变褐腐烂、粘滑,并充满黄色菌脓,发出硫化氢臭味.

Anti-Icing Method Based on Reducing Voltage of Transmission Lines

The icing of transmission lines threatens the security of power system. This paper proposes a novel anti-icing method based on reducing voltage of the transmission lines. The line voltage can be reduced by regulating the ratio of the transformers which install the both ends of the transmission lines. The line current can be increased and the power loss of the transmission lines can also be increased, which means the heat generated by power loss increases and the icing process of the transmission lines can be restrained. When the icing may occur in the atrocious weather, the anti-icing transformers installed the both ends of transmission line are put into operation. The ratios of transformers are regulated to the appropriate value. The current of transmission line can be increased to the value that is a little greater than the critical current, which can realize the purpose of anti-icing. At the same time, the conditions of normal running in the load side are kept invariably, which can ensure the security of power system. This method can be applicable to a wide range. It's an effective measure to prevent the icing of the transmission lines.

Characterization and Anti-tumor Activity of Glycopeptides from Ganoderma sinensis

The water-soluble part（GS） of Ganoderma sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang was divided into high molecular（GS-H） and low molecular（GS-L） parts by Cellulose Super Filtration, and GS was also fractionated into four fractions, GS-1, 2, 3, and 4 by ethanol precipitation according to their molecular weights. Chemical analysis shows that GS and GS-1, 2, 3, 4 were complexes of polysaccharide and peptide. The fractions with molecular weights over 4000, GS-1, 2, 3, and GS-H show anti-tumor activities, however, the fractions with molecular weights lower than 4000, GS-4, and GS-L have no anti-tumor activity, indicating that the anti-tumor activity of Ganoderma Sinensis was caused by glucopeptides with molecular weight ranging from 4000 to 20000. Two purified glucopeptides, GS-6b and GS-7b were obtained from GS-H by ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. Their molecular weights, glycosidic linkages, and configurations were detected by means of IR spectrum, sugar composition analysis, and methylation analysis. The polysaccharide parts of GS-6b and GS-7b had glucan backbone consisting of β-1→3 Glc, and side chain containing glucosyl, mannosyl, fucosyl, xylosyl, galactosyl, and glucuronic acid residues attached on 1-2, 1-4, 1-6 positions of the backbone of GS-6b, or 1-6, 1-4 positions of the backbone of GS-7b. The peptide parts in GS-6b and GS-7b were composed of 10 kinds of amino acids, including Asp, Ser, Arg, Gly, Thr, Pro, Ala, Val, Met, and Lys.