Looking up Prescriptions to Treat Infectious Disease:Anti-epidemic Books of Medical Formularies and Epidemic Prevention and Control in the Qing Dynasty

Copying,compiling,publishing,disseminating,and referencing anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were common activities during the outbreak of epidemics in the Qing dynasty.Its emergence,motivated by epidemic disease again and again,was important component parts of epidemic prevention and control.They played a unique role as media on affairs such as treating patients suffering from infectious diseases,mobilizing peoples to make contributions to anti-epidemic activities,integrating and popularizing knowledge of epidemic prevention.Anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were important to link peoples,things,and substances related with epidemic prevention and control,and were a kind of motivation to actively deal with the infectious disease,control the epidemic,and maintain health.Compared to other common measures,anti-epidemic books of medical formularies participated in many prevention and control practices deeply,which actually built a low cost,spontaneous,dispersed and non-institutional system to respond to epidemic,and the system had characteristics of stronger conductibility,bigger coverage area,and better external benefits.

Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Experimental Exploring Molecular Mechanisms of Yinqiao Anti-Epidemic Formula in Regulating Mucosal Immune System of Respiratory Tract

[Objectives]To explore the molecular mechanisms of Yinqiao anti-epidemic formula(YQAEF)in regulating mucosal immune system of respiratory tract.[Methods]The active components of YQAEF were obtained from the TCMSP database,and RMIS targets were obtained from the GeneCards database.A"YQAEF components-RMIS targets-pathways"network was constructed by analyzing the above data to screen core targets for molecular docking verification.A mouse model of acute upper respiratory tract infection(AURI)was developed.Based on the experimental models,the key pathway target genes screened by network pharmacology were verified in vivo.[Results]The main active components of YQAEF involved in the regulation of the RMIS included quercetin,acetic acid,and raffinose.Key targets,such as angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE),galactosidase alpha(GLA),matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2),Serpin Family E Member 1(SERPINE1),and myeloperoxidase(MPO)and important viral infection and endocrine resistance signaling pathways were included in the regulation of the RMIS with YQAEF.Molecular docking assays showed that the key targets had good binding activities with the components of YQAEF.Based on the results of network pharmacology,key target proteins in ACE,GLA,MMP2,SERPINE1,and MPO were selected for experimental verification.The results showed that ACE/ACE2 and MPO expressions were increased in the oral and throat mucosa of the AURI mice.Under YQAEF treatment,the expression levels of ACE/ACE2 and MPO were decreased.[Conclusions]This study revealed the mechanism of YQAEF in the regulation of RMIS,which is associated with multiple components,targets,and pathways.Further experiments confirmed that YQAEF interfered with MPO and ACE/ACE2 signaling pathways to regulate the RMIS in the oral and throat mucosa tissue of mice with AURI,and provide a new direction for exploring the potential antiviral mechanism of YQAEF.

Analysis on the Way of Integrating Educational Drama into Patriotism Education for Primary School Students

In the process of patriotism education for primary school students,educational drama can play a very important role.However,the premise is that educational drama should be successfully integrated into the process of patriotism education of primary school students,instead of simply and mechanically stuffing educational drama into patriotism education of primary school students.As far as the integration mode of educational drama is concerned,educational drama can be divided into three kinds,namely,discipline-oriented drama education,infiltration-oriented drama education and activity-oriented drama.Therefore,the integration methods are also divided into three categories,namely,setting up educational drama courses,using educational drama to infiltrate patriotic education into other disciplines and carrying out activity-oriented drama education.

Construction and Development of the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Drama and Film and Television Disciplines

Taking the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of the Central Academy of Drama as an example,this article explores the construction and development of the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for the practical teaching of drama and film and television disciplines.The article first introduces the background and importance of the demonstration center and then analyzes in depth the construction content and achievements of the demonstration center from four aspects:practical teaching philosophy,practical teaching system,practical teaching resources,and practical teaching effects.Finally,the article summarizes the experience and shortcomings of the demonstration center and proposes future development directions and suggestions.

China's Anti-epidemic Diplomacy Boosts Global Public Health Governance

In 2020 with a pandemic sweeping the world,global political and economic orders seriously disrupted and tens of millions of human lives threatened,the spread of the novel coronavirus is the world's number one challenge.China has efficiently organized domestic epidemic control and vigorously promoted international cooperation in the battle against the pandemic by advancing head-of-state diplomacy.In this ongoing crisis,China has actively led the way for global public health governance,promoted the building of a community with common health for mankind,and demonstrated the actions of a responsible major country.

The Logic of Self-Justification of China’s Anti-Epidemic Effectiveness

The COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 is a syndrome of economic,social and governance crises.It is not only a test of the medical and health system of a country or a region,but also a test of the emergency management system and the comprehensive governance capacity.Based on the complexity of epidemic prevention and control,no single factor can explain and respond to the"exceptional status"of epidemic prevention and control.Only by applying the"Theory of History Resultant Force",establishing systematic thinking,and comprehensively reviewing and analyzing can we comprehensively and objectively clarify its pros and cons.Having taken advantage of the party’s leadership,the nationwide system,and the Socialism with Chinese characteristics with a broad mass base and strong material support,China has achieved obvious results in a relatively short period of time in the process of epidemic prevention and control.It provides other countries or regions with Chinese experience,and Chinese wisdom for anti-epidemic efforts.

Acquisition and Dissemination of Anti-Epidemic Medical Prescriptions During the Outbreaks in the Qing Dynasty of China

During the epidemics in the Qing dynasty,many medical professionals,nonprofessionals,and social organizations collected and sorted medical prescriptions related to infectious diseases.These people also compiled,published,disseminated,and consulted related medical formularies.The above historical event can be viewed as the construction and dissemination of medical knowledge.They edited and published medical formularies on infectious diseases with lower cost and in flexible ways by taking the initiative and giving full scope to creativity.Diverse anti-epidemic medical prescriptions from these medical formularies can be used for infectious diseases in the event of the outbreaks.However,the therapeutic effects of classical prescriptions and folk recipes cannot be regarded as the same.The wide circulation of anti-epidemic medical prescriptions and medical formularies was essentially a process of epidemic prevention resource allocation.Not only did it enable many nonprofessionals to participate in epidemic prevention and control,but it also enhanced awareness,knowledge,and capacity for epidemic prevention at the individual level.At the same time,due to the uneven quality and individual differences in the physical fitness and condition of the prescriptions and formularies,they had the capacity of causing inconveniences to the readers or patients.

Discussing the Dietary Regimen and Disease Prevention and its Application as an Anti-epidemic Measure

This article discusses the role of dietary regimen in the traditional culture of Chinese medicine according to its origin.Dietary regimen is a technique that inherits die traditional culture of Chinese medicine.Through analysis of the characteristics of the dietary regimen and the discussion of the idea of disease prevention,the application of the dietary regimen in disease prevention is sought.Under the guidance of three key factors,the application of the dietary regimen in disease prevention is mainly manifested in two aspects,h irst,the dietary regimen can be used to guide the daily reasonable diet to maintain the human body in a balance of Yin and Yang,which could prevent the occurrence of diseases.Second,on the basis of minimizing health loss,it can be used for disease treatment,adjuvant treatment,and rehabilitation.Finally,taking preventive treatment as the guiding ideology,the application of a dietary regimen as an"anti-epidemic"was briefly discussed.

English Dramas and English Listening & Speaking Ability

With the development and popularization of the Internet, dramas from English-speaking countries, i.e., English dramas, are becoming more and more popular in China. It has become a fashion to contact and learn English and British & American culture through English dramas. This paper analyzes the possibility of learning English with English dramas as the medium and how to make use of English dramas to learn English scientifically and effectively;this paper also expounds the important role played by English dramas in helping students improve their English proficiency in an all-round way, especially in listening and speaking.

清末北京戏剧改良与义务戏

清末北京义务戏深受戏剧改良运动影响,其演进过程呈现出多种新元素,不仅促进戏剧改良,而且在一定程度上推动社会风俗改变。一方面,戏剧改良运动促进艺人与报人合作开演义务戏,推动义务戏在传统表演形式中增添许多近代元素,如戏剧内容革新、舞台元素多样化和女性群体加入。另一方面,义务戏受到近代启蒙思想影响,热心助赈的新艺人成为义演主体,成为启蒙与宣教活动的实践者。同时,义务戏也促进社会风俗改良,艺人社会形象得以重塑,其社会地位也有所提高。清末北京义务戏体现出传统与现代的交织,也是本土文化与外来文化碰撞的结果。

作为政治动员介质的苏区戏剧:布局、变革与调适

苏区戏剧实际上是作为政治动员的传播介质出现的。为了极大地激发戏剧的政治动员功效,苏区戏剧的组织者实施了三项针对性举措。第一,体制化布局。中央苏区展开了多类别、立体性的戏剧机构体制化建设,其整体布局呈现纵向贯通、横向呼应形态。第二,适配性变革。以新型意识形态熔铸新词直接入戏、推动传统剧社改弦更张、大力推出话剧与活报剧等戏剧类型。第三,在地化调适。征用当地材料编排故事、聚焦所在区域重大事件、吸纳近邻人员介入编演流程。苏区戏剧虽然没有彰显出足够的艺术专业性与仪式感,但是在观念劝服、行为引导、精神激励等方面产生了显著的成效。

网剧改编的性别策略、网感呈现与价值建构

网络文学的影视改编,力图突破性别壁垒,逆转“看”与“被看”的性别权力机制,建构一种具有平权意识的影像话语。在叙事特征上,注意采用游戏化的叙事或非线性叙事。突出“类型+”的策略,以喜剧化的风格带来一种“轻语态”,契合年轻观众的文化消费心理。不少优秀的影视改编作品,则力图通过叙述个人的成长历程,塑造一种新型的理想化的人格,建构一种更合乎人性的审美家园,实现网络化的诗意栖居。

经典文学作品改编的时代性阐释——由小说《人生》到电视剧《人生之路》

从经典文学作品到电视剧的改编,成为近年来影视剧创作和关注的热点。编剧既要遵循小说原著的精神,又要勇于开拓和创新,让文学经典走近人们的当前生活,以满足不同年龄时段受众群体的审美期待。由路遥小说《人生》改编的电视剧《人生之路》,在拓展叙事时空、展现地域风貌、塑造人物形象、反映社会民生形态等方面,与时俱进地呈现出社会发展演进的时代性背景和现代化元素,从而有意地突破小说原著叙事时间的局限,拉近文学经典与现代生活的距离,让文学原著的主题精神深入和延续于当下社会,继续发挥文学经典的艺术魅力。这也是该剧的成功价值所在。

论网络文学改编类古装剧的“想象力消费”:现象、本质与反思

网络文学改编类古装剧是近年中国剧集生态中的突出现象,此类改编剧降解了主流话语主导下“再现”历史的“正史”表达功能,加强了大众文化语境中影视剧的文化消费功能,尤其体现在“网生代”对历史可“穿越”、拼贴、杂糅、并置的想象上。这是一种具有明显青年亚文化特性的对历史的“想象力消费”。叙事游戏化与性别想象多元化是此类古装剧在环境、人物、时空设置、性别想象上体现出的新变化。结合大塚英志、东浩纪的二次元文化研究,可以认为这一变化实则表明“想象力消费”已经成为网络文学改编类古装剧乃至网络文化生产与消费的重要原则。但网络文学改编类古装剧创作存在不少问题,应该调整策略,优化质量,以适应在当下文化语境中的生存与发展。

融媒体时代广播剧对乡村文化的传承与发展--以丝路之声系列广播剧为例

21世纪以来,随着市场化的推进、传媒技术的发展及互联网的普及,特别是听觉文化研究的兴起,以声音传播为物质载体的广播剧借助各种社交媒体及网络音频客户端快速融入普通百姓的精神消费中,在文化宣传、价值引领、道德塑造、审美教育等方面发挥着积极的作用。特别是在乡村文化振兴过程中,广播剧利用其声音叙事的特点,占领了乡村文化的高地。首先,丝路之声出品的系列广播剧,或取材于百姓身边的人或事,或讲述非遗民俗文化,或讴歌红色革命精神,深受百姓喜爱,大大拓展了乡村的听觉文化空间;其次,广播剧将传统乡土价值与时代核心价值观融入故事和人物形象中,激发了广大民众向善向美向真的价值追求,有效地发挥了社会主义核心价值观在乡村文化振兴中的价值引领作用;最后,广播剧借助传统的声音叙事优势,以声塑形、以声传情、以声铸魂,引导民众在艺术的审美熏陶中体悟生活的真善美,提升其艺术鉴赏水平和精神修养。

从街头到礼堂:云南校园话剧运动三十年(1920—1950年)

云南校园话剧活动并不全然是由当时内迁云南的外来院校所引领的,它有其内生性的自发驱动力,影响力辐射延伸至校园之外,还引起过社会层面的讨论。基于抗战时期戏剧出版物的传播背景,在举国一致的抗战意志的作用下,云南师生群体有着强烈地将文字出版物转化为行动表现力的能力与集体意愿,于是,成为云南街头剧运动的主体,并在理论与实践两个方面参与了抗战时期的舞台语讨论运动。20世纪30年代活跃于街头的云南校园话剧演出活动,在40年代走入了礼堂,表现出规模化、庙堂化和复杂化的整体特点。云南校园话剧运动三十年提供的启示是:校园话剧应是社会演剧的主潮,庙堂化的范式转向未必完全是正向诱导因素,应重视校园话剧的原创性内容。

《有人将至》:“后戏剧”表演史脉络中的福瑟“新话剧”

诺奖得主中剧作家比例(相较于二战前)的显著下降,揭示了“表演转向”“后戏剧”等思潮背后的艺术生产现实。18世纪末至20世纪,西方表演史历经“文学戏剧”“后剧本”两个代际,现在此脉络中又出现了福瑟“新话剧”带来的新的可能性:它是“文学戏剧”的否定之否定,回归剧作家精确规定的剧本;又具“后剧本”时代解放演员身体动能和鼓励观众参与的进步性。《有人将至》的两个汉语演出版本(2010, 2021)为我们提供具身性入口来理解福瑟剧本“诗意极简”“特定模糊性”的特点:让演员和观众每个人“在高度个人化的层面上接受故事”,又被共时性地凝聚到音乐性的共同体空间。

课程剧赋能思政课实践教学改革的逻辑路向

思政课实践教学改革是提升思政课实效性的关键,也是落实立德树人根本任务的重要环节。课程剧赋能思政课实践教学改革的理论逻辑在于:情景化人的内聚性、理实结合的耦合性以及育人目标的契合性。课程剧赋能思政课实践教学改革的价值逻辑在于:从理论知识到实践体验,再到高水平的认知,并学会反思。课程剧赋能思政课实践教学改革的实践逻辑在于:教学目标、教学内容、教学方法和评价标准。

卡瑞尔·丘吉尔戏剧的后现代语言策略

英国剧作家卡瑞尔·丘吉尔打破了传统戏剧严谨理性的语言范式和法度,赋予戏剧语言更为浓郁的后现代主义色彩。在《天之娇女》《疯狂的森林》等剧作中,丘吉尔通过既有词语碎片化处理去彰显语言开放性和非理性,为戏剧语言注入更大的情感意义和冲击力。以人物对白交叉重叠瓦解传统戏剧单一话语的权威性,为戏剧角色的多话语流和意识流呈现创造出新的舞台空间,为观众提供了更丰富的视角。通过歌曲、舞蹈、动作、表情等符号语言的引入,丘吉尔赋予了舞台剧更丰富的表现元素和新的美学张力,让戏剧更直指人心。

文化润疆视域下红色舞剧在新疆高校的思政教育价值分析

在文化润疆工程下,新疆高校开展思想政治教育是弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化、培养爱国之情、促进社会稳定的重要举措。结合文化润疆工程,依托舞蹈专业特色,将思政内容与舞蹈专业特点结合,通过必要性、作用以及应用策略三个方面,探讨红色舞剧进入新疆高校对开展思想政治教育起到的积极影响。