Novel foaming agent used in preparation process of aluminum foams

The performances of a novel foaming agent used in the preparation process of aluminum foams were investigated, and the effects of some factors, such as addition of the foaming agent, foaming temperature on the porosity, and appearance of aluminum foams were also discussed. Experimental results show that the novel foaming agent has a wide decomposition temperature range and a mild decomposed rate; the foaming agent has the ability to enhance the viscosity of aluminum melt, as a result, an extra viscosifier such as Ca or SiCp is unnecessary while using this foaming agent; the bubble-free zone in material decreases and the foaming effi- ciency increases with the increase of foaming agent; the bubble-free zone disappears and the foaming efficiency is near 100% when the addition of foaming agent is more than 1.4wt%; the porosity of the aluminum foam increases with the increase of foaming agent when the addition of foaming agent is less than 2.2wt%.

Nanoparticle foaming agents for major gas fields in China

The conventional foaming agents have the problems of poor adaptability and high cost during the application in different types of gas fields,especially in high temperature,high salinity,high acidic gas and high condensate oil and gas fields.In this study,the Gemini foaming agent was used as the main agent to enhance foaming and foam stability of the foaming agent,the grafted nanoparticles were used as foam stabilizer to further improve the foam stability,and the characteristic auxiliaries were added to make the foaming agent suitable for different types of gas reservoirs.Two types and six subtypes of nanoparticle foaming agents have been prepared for the main gas fields of China.The experimental evaluation results show that the overall temperature resistance,salinity resistance,H2S resistance,CO2 resistance and condensate resistance of the nanoparticle foaming agents can reach 160℃,250000 mg/L,100 mg/L,100%and 40%,respectively.The new foaming agents have been used in 8685 wells in China.Compared with conventional foaming agent,the average gas flow rate per well increased by 62.48%,the pressure difference(casing-tubing)decreased by 18.9%,and the cost dropped by 45%.The effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency is obvious.

Experimental assessments of methanol-based foaming agent in latex modified foamed binders and warm asphalt mixtures

Latex is one of the natural rubbers that is used to enhance the performance of asphalt pavement for the last few decades.The presence of latex,which is categorized as an elastomer,helps to improve pavement performance and durability.Conversely,higher viscosity of latex modified asphalt binder increases the production-temperatures of asphalt mixture,thus consuming higher energy during asphalt mixture’s production stage.In this study,the effectiveness of methanol as an energy-efficient foaming agent was assessed to reduce the viscosity and enhance the workability of the modified asphalt binder.The basic and rheological properties of the asphalt binders were determined through multiple laboratory tests including expansion ratio and half-life,rotational viscosity,softening point,torsional recovery,and dynamic shear rheometer.The properties of asphalt mixtures were assessed through the service characteristics,mechanical performance,and moisture resistance criteria.It was found that the presence of latex results in an approximately twofold higher expansion ratio and a lower half-life of the asphalt binder at about the same ratio.Through the rotational viscosity test,the application of methanol into asphalt binder decreased the viscosity and led to better workability,despite the addition of latex as an asphalt modifier.The application of methanol into asphalt binder improved the workability of mixture samples and lowered the compaction energy of the compaction process,which are the crucial criteria for a better mixing and compaction process.Methanol foamed asphalt mixtures with latex show much higher resistance to moisture damage and stiffness than control sample even though they were prepared at a lower temperature.

Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of a Synthetic Based Foaming Agent

The aim of this study was to create a foaming agent and then evaluate its performance.This foaming agent is made up of Sodium lauryl sulfate,Ethanol,Lauryl alcohol and Water.On aeration,the diluted foaming solution produces a stable foam whose properties,density,capacity and drainage were studied.The compressive strength,water absorption and density of foamed concrete were also studied.Test results show that the initial foam density is 104kg/m3 at an optimum dilution ratio of 1:40.Foamed concrete’s density can vary from 450kg/m3 to 1 950bkg/m3 and its compressive strength is in0.5~23 MPa.Compressive strength test results of this foaming agent are higher than those produced with EABASSOC foaming agent.According to ASTM 869-91,this chemical composition qualifies to be used as a foaming agent.

Preparation of Controllable Cross-Linking Polyethylene Foaming Materials and Their Properties

In order to prepare the polyethylene materials with controlling properties,we developed two kinds of controllable cross-linking polyethylene foaming system.2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (tert-butyl peroxy) hexane was used as cross-linking agent and TEMPO as cross-linking inhibitor,azodicarbonamide (AC) was used as foaming agent and citric acid as foaming promoter.The density,expansion ratio,cellular structure and mechanical property of these two kinds of controllable materials were studied.Experimental results show that,properties of these two kinds of materials appear similar trend:cellular size and expansion ratio are enlarged with the amount of cross-linking inhibitor or foaming promoter increasing,while density and mechanical strength appear decreasing trend.Through comparing those two material systems’ properties,cross-linking polyethelene foaming system with citric acid as foaming promoter has better properties.

基于分子动力学模拟的矿物基础油泡沫破裂性能研究

润滑油中的泡沫会增加设备间的磨损,减少油品中的泡沫可以有效降低能源消耗。选用四种矿物型基础油的代表性烃类组分构建了泡沫液膜的分子模拟体系,通过分子动力学模拟分析了液膜破裂过程的微观机理,并计算了单组分及混合组分液膜的破裂时间作为液膜稳定性的评价指标。在此基础上,研究了基础油结构与添加剂、抗泡剂的加入对油基泡沫液膜破裂时间的影响。结果显示,在液膜破裂的过程中,初始孔洞的出现,会显著加快液膜破裂进程,在各基础油体系中加入添加剂、抗泡剂后,液膜破裂时间变化与扩散系数的变化一致,符合泡沫破裂的排液机理。提出的研究方法可从分子层面深入分析油基泡沫的稳定性及破裂机理,探索减少润滑油品泡沫的方法。

利用废岩棉制备高性能泡沫玻璃陶瓷的实验研究

以工业垃圾废岩棉和废玻璃为原料,以CaCO_(3)为发泡剂制备出高强度泡沫玻璃陶瓷。研究了废岩棉和废玻璃的添加量及烧结温度对泡沫玻璃陶瓷材料性能的影响。结果表明:随着废岩棉添加量的增加和烧结温度的提高,熔体黏度会降低,不利于气泡结构的稳定;在废岩棉添加量为40%、750℃烧结温度下得到的样品容重为0.54 g/cm^(3)、孔隙率为62.5%、抗压强度为4.76 MPa;样品主晶相为亚硅酸钙和石英晶相,加入TiO_(2)作为晶核剂后主晶相改变为榍石;TiO_(2)掺量为10%时,在750℃烧结20 min更经济,所得样品容重为0.82 g/cm^(3)、孔隙率为50%、抗压强度为7.76 MPa。

无水乙醇、泡沫硬化剂治疗儿童大型静脉畸形的疗效比较

目的探讨无水乙醇、泡沫硬化剂治疗儿童大型静脉畸形的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析60例大型孤立性静脉畸形患儿的临床资料。将先注射无水乙醇再注射泡沫硬化剂作为A组(n=30),先注射泡沫硬化剂再注射无水乙醇作为B组(n=30),对比两组患儿的临床疗效、并发症、注射次数及无水乙醇用量等。结果A、B两组的总有效率均为100%。A组显著有效率为63.33%(19/30),B组显著有效率为90%(27/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无水乙醇用量A组为(10.30±3.19)mL,B组为(6.73±2.06)mL;注射次数A组为(3.57±1.01)次,B组为(2.63±0.61)次,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组均无严重并发症发生,水疱发生率A组30%(9/30),B组为6.67%(2/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论无水乙醇、泡沫硬化剂联合应用治疗儿童大型静脉畸形,可以增加疗效,减少无水乙醇用量,降低并发症;尤其先注射泡沫硬化剂再注射无水乙醇疗效更佳。

泡沫灭火综合教学实验平台的设计与实践

根据消防工程专业课程实践教学中的灭火实验需求,设计和搭建了泡沫灭火综合教学实验平台,该实验平台由发泡实验平台、析液实验平台、蔓延实验平台、灭火实验平台和抗烧实验平台构成,能够实现泡沫灭火剂的稳定性、蔓延性能、灭火效能和抗烧性能的测试,满足泡沫灭火实验教学要求。通过实验操作与结果分析将理论与实践紧密联系,有助于巩固学生理论知识和增强学生学习兴趣,为培养具有工程实践和科研创新能力的高素质和高质量消防人才发挥积极作用。

基于ASPEN软件的戊烷发泡剂生产实践及增产措施

炼化企业中,戊烷发泡剂可以利用预加氢装置拔出的轻石脑油组分进行生产,而国家标准GB T 22053—2020对发泡剂质量要求更加严格。通过构建预加氢装置汽提塔、分馏塔及脱戊烷塔的ASPEN PLUS模型,对戊烷发泡剂生产流程的控制参数进行分析测算,制定了生产调整方案。工业试验结果表明:戊烷发泡剂组成与脱戊烷塔塔顶灵敏板温度密切相关,保证塔顶发泡剂组分质量分数差值范围为±2%,其塔顶温度变化需控制±0.3℃。同时,从汽提塔操作、产品牌号、加工原油种类等方面入手,对戊烷发泡剂增产效果进行分析,提高企业的经济效益。

一种O/W型聚氨酯水性外脱模剂的制备及性能研究

传统油基脱模剂含有可能对环境产生污染的有机溶剂,随着全球环保意识的增强,更为绿色环保无毒的水性脱模剂逐渐成为研究热点.为了开发汽车内饰使用的新型脱模剂,以二甲基硅油、含氢硅油等为主要原料,制备出一种O/W型聚氨酯水性外脱模剂.通过测定脱模剂样品性能,探讨了主脱模剂种类及配比、乳化体系复配比例对脱模剂性能的影响.采用能谱仪(EDS)对脱模后的聚氨酯泡沫表面进行元素分析.结果表明:二甲基硅油和含氢硅油按照1∶1配比作为基础聚合物,固含量19.41%,采用非离子表面活性剂SP⁃80、TW⁃80复合乳化体系制备的O/W型聚氨酯水性外脱模剂稳定性最好,脱模后的聚氨酯泡沫表面没有Si元素残留,具有最佳脱模效果.

腔内射频消融联合泡沫硬化剂与高位结扎联合点式剥脱术治疗大隐静脉曲张的效果对比

目的比较腔内射频消融联合泡沫硬化剂与高位结扎联合点式剥脱术治疗大隐静脉曲张的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2022年5月~2023年5月我院收治的80例大隐静脉曲张患者的临床资料。将接受腔内射频消融联合泡沫硬化剂治疗的患者纳入射频消融组(43例),接受高位结扎联合点式剥脱术治疗的患者纳入高位结扎组(37例)。对比两组患者的围术期参数(手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间)、术后疼痛、静脉临床危重程度评分(VCSS)、慢性静脉功能不全生活质量问卷(CIVIQ)评分及术后并发症发生率(切口/穿刺点感染、色素沉着、瘀斑)。结果射频消融组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间均少于高位结扎组(P<0.05);射频消融组患者术后疼痛程度低于高位结扎组(P<0.05)。两组术前、术后1个月、术后6个月的VCSS、CIVIQ评分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。组内比较,术后6个月的VCSS评分低于术后1个月,术后1个月VCSS评分低于术前(P<0.05);术后6个月的CIVIQ评分高于术后1个月,术后1个月CIVIQ评分高于术前(P<0.05)。射频消融组患者术后并发症发生率低于高位结扎组(P<0.05)。结论两种术式的疗效相当,均能提高患者的生活质量,但在手术时间、术后恢复和手术安全性方面,腔内射频消融联合泡沫硬化剂的效果更好。

微发泡聚丙烯共混改性研究进展

综述了微发泡聚丙烯(PP)制备中常用的化学发泡剂和物理发泡剂,以及近几年有关微发泡PP共混改性用无机填料和有机填料对其发泡性能和力学性能的影响。经共混改性的微发泡PP泡孔直径为1~100μm,泡孔密度达1×10^(10)个/cm^(3)。分析了微发泡PP的发展现状及应用前景,以进一步促进新产品开发。

基于可低温加工SEBS的发泡母粒及微发泡热塑性弹性体的制备

以可低温加工的氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)为基体,将偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)发泡剂、助发泡剂和表面活性剂制备成基于SEBS的发泡母粒,并采用双螺杆挤出机将发泡母粒与动态硫化三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)/聚丙烯(PP)热塑性弹性体材料(TPE)共混熔融挤出,制备了微发泡TPE材料。研究了SEBS引入量与发泡母粒添加量对微发泡TPE样品的密度、拉伸性能以及泡孔形貌的影响。结果表明,当SEBS的质量分数低于6%,发泡母粒的质量分数为3%时,制备的微发泡TPE材料具有较低的密度、较高的拉伸性能,且泡孔规整度达到最优。

疏水改性纳米二氧化硅对无氟泡沫灭火剂性能影响

采用三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)对二氧化硅纳米颗粒(NPs)进行改性得到疏水NPs,并将改性后的NPs添加到无氟泡沫灭火剂中,研究不同改性程度的NPs对无氟泡沫灭火剂性能的影响。利用热重分析(TGA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散X射线光谱(EDX)和水接触角等对不同TMCS浓度下表面疏水改性的NPs进行表征。TGA、EDX结果证实TMCS实现了对NPs的有效表面改性。水接触角测试结果表明,TMCS的质量分数为16.67%时,NPs的接触角可达150.9°。SEM分析表明NPs的分散性得到改善,改性后的NPs粒径主要分布在60~150nm之间。改性NPs对无氟泡沫溶液的发泡性、稳泡性和灭火有效性的性能影响的研究结果表明,TMCS的质量分数为13.04%时改性的NPs对泡沫的发泡性能、稳定性能和灭火有效性能有最大的提升。

定量核磁共振波谱法快速测定灭火剂材料中全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物

泡沫灭火剂中全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)的使用受到严格管控.针对灭火剂中PFOS快速测定的需求,建立了基于19F的定量核磁共振波谱(qNMR)检测方法.方法以全氟丁基磺酸钾为标准物质,通过计算全氟丁基磺酸钾的-CF3在化学位移δ-78.94处19F特征峰和PFOS的-CF2在化学位移δ-117.12处19F特征峰的积分面积比值,进而实现PFOS定量分析.经测试,全氟丁基磺酸钾百分含量与定量峰面积线性相关系数为0.9955,检出限为0.024%,定量限为0.080%.8种灭火剂产品的定性测定结果与实际标注情况相吻合,其中4种泡沫灭火剂产品中PFOS含量在0.106%~1.339%之间.研究结果表明,方法受基质干扰小、检测速度快、灵敏度高,可为泡沫灭火剂中PFOS的管控提供可靠的检测方法与数据支撑.

原材料对泡沫混凝土吸水性能的影响研究

通过测试吸水率、孔洞微观形貌,研究了矿物掺合料(矿渣粉、粉煤灰、硅灰)、聚合物乳液(氯丁胶乳液、苯丙乳液、硬质环氧乳液)、憎水剂(有机硅、硬脂酸钙)对泡沫混凝土吸水性能的影响,并对作用机理进行了阐述。结果表明:矿渣粉对吸水率的影响程度有限,粉煤灰可在一定程度上降低吸水率,硅灰的加入显著提高了吸水率;三种聚合物乳液对吸水率的影响程度由大到小依次为氯丁胶乳液>苯丙乳液>硬质环氧乳液;憎水剂能有效降低吸水率,其中硬脂酸钙的效果明显好于有机硅;憎水剂在合适掺量范围内能有效降低孔洞缺陷率,同时由于其本身具有较好的疏水特性,进而可显著降低材料的吸水率。

高性能泡沫混凝土的制备及性能研究

以P.O 42.5普通硅酸盐水泥为原料,通过添加植物蛋白复合型水泥发泡剂制备出了高性能泡沫混凝土,研究了发泡剂和水的体积比对泡沫混凝土的孔径分布、容重、吸水率、力学性能和保温性能的影响。结果表明,随着发泡剂和水的体积比增大,泡沫混凝土的气孔尺寸增大,气孔的外形逐渐趋近于圆孔状,气孔的完整度增加,容重持续降低,吸水率持续增大。当V(发泡剂)∶V(水)=4∶80时,孔形状因子最小为1.351,孔隙形状最趋近于球形。随着发泡剂和水的体积比增大,泡沫混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度先增大后减小,导热系数先降低后增大。当V(发泡剂)∶V(水)=4∶80时,泡沫混凝土的孔径尺寸分布最为均匀,其抗压强度和抗折强度均为最大值,分别为8.16和1.29 MPa,导热系数最低为0.163 W/(m·K),力学性能和保温性能最优。

我国胶磷矿浮选药剂研究进展

我国磷矿资源丰富,以难选的中低品位胶磷矿为主。泡沫浮选是分选此类磷矿最有效的方法,浮选药剂是浮选中最重要的影响因素之一。从介质调整剂、絮凝剂、起泡剂、抑制剂及捕收剂等方面综述了胶磷矿浮选药剂在选矿工艺、药剂开发及机理研究等方面的最新进展,重点归纳了国内外磷矿抑制剂和捕收剂的研究现状与热点。药剂分子间的协同效应、多功能基药剂合成及药剂复配在处理中低品位胶磷矿时表现出了良好的分选效果,研制新型绿色高效、经济环保的捕收剂和抑制剂将是胶磷矿浮选药剂的重要发展方向。

占位法制备球形孔泡沫铝的结构与性能研究

以氯化钙、硬脂酸、硫代硫酸钠、尿素作为造孔剂,利用占位法进行孔径为1~2 mm,孔隙率为60%、70%、80%球形孔泡沫铝的制备。对其孔结构(孔面积、孔圆形度)、压缩性能和吸能效果进行对比分析。结果表明:氯化钙-泡沫铝因其具备较好的孔结构,所表现出的压缩性能和吸能效果也更优异。