The effectiveness of waqf administration is impeded by poor management of assets,opacity,and unstandardized reporting.Blockchain is expected to solve these issues due to its ability to record and trace every transacti...The effectiveness of waqf administration is impeded by poor management of assets,opacity,and unstandardized reporting.Blockchain is expected to solve these issues due to its ability to record and trace every transaction,allowing administrators to discharge their accountability to waqf stakeholders.While there have been numerous proposals for waqf blockchain,there is no explicit framework for the governance of blockchain in waqf institutions.We propose a governance of blockchain framework for waqf institutions based on IT governance dimensions and blockchain governance dimensions from the literature.The framework comprises three dimensions(formation and context,actors,and means of governance/decision making)that subsume eight sub-dimensions across three layers and three stages.We then apply the framework on a blockchain-based waqf organization to examine its usefulness.The framework is among the first to be designed for waqf institutions.展开更多
As the development of the modern economy is increasingly insep-arable from credit support,the traditional credit investigation mode has yet to meet this demand.Because of the difficulties in conventional credit data s...As the development of the modern economy is increasingly insep-arable from credit support,the traditional credit investigation mode has yet to meet this demand.Because of the difficulties in conventional credit data sharing among credit investigation agencies,poor data portability,and centralized supervision,this paper proposes a data-sharing scheme for credit investigation agencies based on a double blockchain.Given the problems such as difficult data sharing,difficult recovery of damaged data,and accessible data leakage between institutions and users with non-traditional credit inves-tigation data other than credit,this paper proposes a data-sharing scheme for credit investigation subjects based on the digital envelope.Based on the above two solutions,this paper designs a double blockchain credit data-sharing plat-form based on the“public chain+alliance chain”from credit investigation agencies’and visiting subjects’perspectives.The sharing platform uses the alliance chain as the management chain to solve the problem of complex data sharing between credit bureaus and centralized supervision,uses the public chain as the use chain to solve the problem of complex data sharing between the access subject and the credit bureaus,uses the interplanetary file system and digital envelope and other technologies to solve the problem of difficult recovery of damaged data,data leakage,and other issues.After the upload test,the average upload speed reaches 80.6 M/s.The average download speed of the system is 88.7 M/s after the download test.The multi-thread stress test tests the linkage port on the system package,and the average response time for the hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP)is 0.6 ms.The system performance and security analysis show that the sharing platform can provide safe and reliable credit-sharing services for organizations and users and high working efficiency.展开更多
The adopters of IoT face challenges with the surging Internet-based attacks on their IoT assets and inefficiencies within the technology. Unfortunately, IoT is overly distributed, still evolving and facing implementat...The adopters of IoT face challenges with the surging Internet-based attacks on their IoT assets and inefficiencies within the technology. Unfortunately, IoT is overly distributed, still evolving and facing implementation and security challenges. Given the above scenario, we argue that the IoT network should always be decentralized design, and security should be built by design. The paper is the design and construction of a decentralized IoT security framework, with the goal of making emerging IoT systems more resilient to attacks and supporting complex communication and resource sharing. The framework improves efficiency and scalability in IoT, exposes vulnerable subsystems and components as possible weak links to system compromise, and meets the requirements of a heterogeneous computing environment. Other features of the framework including efficient resource sharing, fault tolerance, and distributed storage support the Internet of Things. We discuss the design requirements and carry out the implementation of Proof of Concept and evaluation of our framework. Two underlying technologies: the actor model and the blockchain were used for the implementation. Our reason for choosing the actor model and blockchain is to compare its suitability for IoT integration in parallel. Hence, evaluation of the system is performed based on computational and memory efficiency, security, and scalability. We conclude from the evaluations that the actor-based implementation has better scalability than the block-chain-based implementation. Also, the blockchain seems to be computationally more intensive than the actors and less suitable for IoT systems.展开更多
基金This research was supported by Fundamentals of Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)provided by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia with grant code:FRGS/1/2019/SS01/USIM/02/7 for the research titled“Developing A Blockchain-Based Governance Framework for Waqf Organisations:Toward a Sustainable Economic Wellbeing”.
文摘The effectiveness of waqf administration is impeded by poor management of assets,opacity,and unstandardized reporting.Blockchain is expected to solve these issues due to its ability to record and trace every transaction,allowing administrators to discharge their accountability to waqf stakeholders.While there have been numerous proposals for waqf blockchain,there is no explicit framework for the governance of blockchain in waqf institutions.We propose a governance of blockchain framework for waqf institutions based on IT governance dimensions and blockchain governance dimensions from the literature.The framework comprises three dimensions(formation and context,actors,and means of governance/decision making)that subsume eight sub-dimensions across three layers and three stages.We then apply the framework on a blockchain-based waqf organization to examine its usefulness.The framework is among the first to be designed for waqf institutions.
基金supported in part by the Advanced and High-level Discipline Construction Fund of Universities in Beijing(No.3201023)in part by the Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute of Basic Research Funds Outstanding Master Training Project(No.328202233)in part by the National First-class Undergraduate Discipline Construction of”Communication Engineering”and“Electronic Information Engineering,”and in part by the National Cryptography Science Foundation of China.
文摘As the development of the modern economy is increasingly insep-arable from credit support,the traditional credit investigation mode has yet to meet this demand.Because of the difficulties in conventional credit data sharing among credit investigation agencies,poor data portability,and centralized supervision,this paper proposes a data-sharing scheme for credit investigation agencies based on a double blockchain.Given the problems such as difficult data sharing,difficult recovery of damaged data,and accessible data leakage between institutions and users with non-traditional credit inves-tigation data other than credit,this paper proposes a data-sharing scheme for credit investigation subjects based on the digital envelope.Based on the above two solutions,this paper designs a double blockchain credit data-sharing plat-form based on the“public chain+alliance chain”from credit investigation agencies’and visiting subjects’perspectives.The sharing platform uses the alliance chain as the management chain to solve the problem of complex data sharing between credit bureaus and centralized supervision,uses the public chain as the use chain to solve the problem of complex data sharing between the access subject and the credit bureaus,uses the interplanetary file system and digital envelope and other technologies to solve the problem of difficult recovery of damaged data,data leakage,and other issues.After the upload test,the average upload speed reaches 80.6 M/s.The average download speed of the system is 88.7 M/s after the download test.The multi-thread stress test tests the linkage port on the system package,and the average response time for the hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP)is 0.6 ms.The system performance and security analysis show that the sharing platform can provide safe and reliable credit-sharing services for organizations and users and high working efficiency.
文摘The adopters of IoT face challenges with the surging Internet-based attacks on their IoT assets and inefficiencies within the technology. Unfortunately, IoT is overly distributed, still evolving and facing implementation and security challenges. Given the above scenario, we argue that the IoT network should always be decentralized design, and security should be built by design. The paper is the design and construction of a decentralized IoT security framework, with the goal of making emerging IoT systems more resilient to attacks and supporting complex communication and resource sharing. The framework improves efficiency and scalability in IoT, exposes vulnerable subsystems and components as possible weak links to system compromise, and meets the requirements of a heterogeneous computing environment. Other features of the framework including efficient resource sharing, fault tolerance, and distributed storage support the Internet of Things. We discuss the design requirements and carry out the implementation of Proof of Concept and evaluation of our framework. Two underlying technologies: the actor model and the blockchain were used for the implementation. Our reason for choosing the actor model and blockchain is to compare its suitability for IoT integration in parallel. Hence, evaluation of the system is performed based on computational and memory efficiency, security, and scalability. We conclude from the evaluations that the actor-based implementation has better scalability than the block-chain-based implementation. Also, the blockchain seems to be computationally more intensive than the actors and less suitable for IoT systems.
