Analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Typhonium trilobatum L.Schott

Objective:To explore the efficacy of ethanolic leaf extract of Typhonium trilobatum L.Schott in treating diarrhea,pain and inflammation using experimental models.Methods:In the present study,acetic acid-induced writhing,xylene-induced ear edema and castor oil-imluced diarrlieal model were used to evaluate the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities,respectively.Acute toxicity test was carried out to fix the safe doses of the plant extract.Results:The plant extract demonstrated a significant inhibition of writhing(P<0.01)compared with the control group in acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.The extract also significantly inhibited the xylene induced ear edema formation(P<0.05).In anti-diarrheal test,the extract significantly decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period(P<0.0l)in castor oil-induced diarrheal model mice at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight.Conclusions:These results suggest that the extract possesses significant analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities that support to the ethnopharmacologicl uses of this plant.

Anti-diarrheal and spasmolytic activities study of 3,4-Dihydro-2-(4-Morpholinylmethy)-1(2H)-Naphthalenone(CY)

Objective To investigate the spasmolytic and anti-diarrheal activities of 3,4-dihydro-2-(4-morpholinylmethy)-1(2H)-naphthalenone(CY),which was first synthesized by Welch,Willard M et al.in 1977.Methods The spasmolytic effects of CY were tested on isolated rabbit small intestine at the concentration of 0.01 to 3 mM;the diarrheal-index was evaluated on diarrhea mice to study the anti-diarrheal activities of CY.Results CY(0.1-1 mM)inhibited spontaneous motility of rabbit small intestine and at the concentration of 0.01 to 3 mM CY inhibited the contractile response of rabbit small intestine and colon induced by acetylcholine(10-2 mg·mL-1),high K+(60 mM)and BaCl2(1 mg·mL-1).When tested against calcium channel blocked in rabbit small intestine and colon,CY caused a rightward shift in the Ca2+ dose-response curves,similar to that produced by verapamil,a well-known calcium antagonist.CY could inhibit the diarrhea induced by castor oil,MgSO4 and liquid paraffin and LD50 of CY is 277.2 mg·kg-1.Conclusions CY may produce its spasmolytic and anti-diarrheal effects as a calcium antagonist.

Curculigo recurvata W.T.Aiton exhibits anti-nociceptive and anti-diarrheal effects in Albino mice and an in silico model

Background: Curculigo recurvata(C. recurvata) is an enthnomedicinally important herb reported to have significant medicinal values. The present study aimed to explore the in vivo and in silico anti-nociceptive and anti-diarrheal effects of a C. recurvate rhizome methanol extract(Me-RCR).Methods: The analgesic effects of Me-RCR were assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing and the formalin-induced flicking test. The drugs were administered intraperitoneally(IP) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight(bw). Anti-diarrheal activity was evaluated by assessing intestinal motility, hypersecretion, and fecal score in mice at oral doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg·bw. Computer facilitated analyses for anti-nociceptive and anti-diarrheal activities of three isolated compounds from C. recurvata were undertaken to identify the best-fit phytoconstituents.Results: The Me-RCR showed significant(P <.05) peripheral anti-nociception at the highest dose. The extract inhibited both early and late phases of nociception in the formalin-induced writhing test. In the castor oil-induced diarrhoea model, the extract significantly(P <.05) prolonged the onset time of diarrhoea, inhibited percentage of diarrhoea, and decreased both the volume and weight of intestinal contents. Rates of intestinal fluid accumulation inhibition were(33.61 ± 1.00)% and(46.44 ± 0.89)% at Me-RCR doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg·bw, respectively. Moreover, a significant(P <.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility was observed. An absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and/or toxicity(ADME/T) test showed that the selected compounds yielded promising results, satisfying Lipinski's rule of five for predicting drug-like potential. Notably, of the three phytoconstituents curculigine and isocurculigine possessed the highest affinity for the COX-1 and COX-2. Isocurculigine was also identified as the most effective anti-diarrheal compound in the computer-facilitated model.Conclusion: An extract of the plant C. recurvata showed potential analgesic and antidiarrheal activity due to the presence of one or more active secondary metabolite(s).

黄连、黄芩之“坚阴厚肠”与“苦寒伤胃”

黄连、黄芩为临床常用的苦寒清热药,即能够坚阴厚肠止利,又能够苦寒伤胃而致泻,临床如何做到有的放矢,笔者对此从“证”和“量”两个方面展开讨论。