Research on the evolution law of dynamic performance of CR400BF EMU train based on stochastic dynamics simulation

Purpose–This paper aims to obtain the evolution law of dynamic performance of CR400BF electric multiple unit(EMU).Design/methodology/approach–Using the dynamic simulation based on field test,stiffness of rotary arm nodes and damping coefficient of anti-hunting dampers were tested.Stiffness,damping coefficient,friction coefficient,track gauge were taken as random variables,the stochastic dynamics simulation method was constructed and applied to research the evolution law with running mileage of dynamic index of CR400BF EMU.Findings–The results showed that stiffness and damping coefficient subjected to normal distribution,the mean and variance were computed and the evolution law of stiffness and damping coefficient with running mileage was obtained.Originality/value–Firstly,based on the field test we found that stiffness of rotary arm nodes and damping coefficient of anti-hunting dampers subjected to normal distribution,and the evolution law of stiffness and damping coefficient with running mileage was proposed.Secondly stiffness,damping coefficient,friction coefficient,track gauge were taken as random variables,the stochastic dynamics simulation method was constructed and applied to the research to the evolution law with running mileage of dynamic index of CR400BF EMU.

Inhibition of Toxic Effects of Viper and Cobra Venom by Indian Medicinal Plants

The mortality rate from snakebites in West Bengal is very high and most of the deaths are caused by the Daboia russelli and Naja naja envenomation. Twenty-three plants from the seventeen families were collected from the traditional healers and explored for the first time for antisnake venom activity. In our previous report, the methanolic root extract of the Indian medicinal plants Pluchea indica, Hemidesmus indicus, Vitex negundo and Emblica officinalis significantly neutralized the Viper and Cobra venom-induced pathophysiological changes [1][2]. In the present study, we explored four plant extracts (Curcuma aromatica, Aristolochia indica, Androgrphis paniculata and Curcuma zeodaria) for the antisnake venom activity. The plant extracts significantly antagonized Daboia russelli, Echis carinatus, Ophiophagus hannah and Naja kaouthia venom-induced lethal activity both in in vitro and in vivo studies. Daboia russellii venom-induced haemorrhage, coagulant, defibrinogenating and PLA2 activity were significantly neutralized by the extracts. No precipitating bands were observed between the plant extract and venom. This observation confirmed the role of active constituents of plants and plant materials involved in snake venom inhibition. Further studies are going on in our laboratory for the identification of active molecules as well as their mechanism of venom inhibition.

Fatal intracranial bleedings in a viper bite:A case report

Viper bite envenomation represents a significant occupational hazard among agricultural workers in India.The viper bite envenomation is usually suspected when a patient presents with predominant local symptoms at the bitten site,including pain,swelling,and necrosis.Further,systemic findings such as diffuse intravascular coagulation,hypotension,and shock may alert physicians of viper bite envenomation rather than a neurotoxic snake bite.However,cerebral complications are rare in viper bites but may potentially fatal.Central nervous system involvement in a viper bite is either due to neurotoxins or hemorrhagins present in the venom,which may induce cerebral thrombosis,ischemia,infarction,and hemorrhage.Here we present a case of a previously healthy adult male who succumbed to extensive subarachnoid,intracerebral,and intraventricular hemorrhages involving bilateral cerebral hemispheres following viper snake bite envenomation.This report highlights the importance of anticipating cerebral complications in viper bite envenomation,a rare occurrence.It also emphasizes the need for early antisnake venom administration to prevent and control systemic envenomation and its complications.

Snakebite Envenomation During a Third Trimester of Pregnancy: A Case Report

To editor:Snakebite envenomation(SBE)is a life-threatening disease that typically results from the injection of toxins following the bite of a venomous snake.It affects people in predominantly poor,rural communities in tropical and subtropical countries.About 50%–55%of all snakebites result in envenoming.1 Snakebite is a common neglected public health issue.In Burkina Faso,the snake species belong to six families,among which Elapidae and Viperidae are the most venomous.A retrospective study showed that the total number of snakebite cases recorded from 2010 to 2014 was 114126 with an average annual incidence of(136±9)bites per 100000 people.2 With over 20000 snake bites,of which nearly 15000 envenomations,treated in health facilities about 300 deaths reported every year.Woman is more frailty to envenomation with high risk of complication than other group of population.Snake bite induced coagulopathy is the most lifethreatening complication with poor maternal and perinatal outcome.3 Literature to guide management of this rare obstetric complication remains limited.We report a case of a 3 gravida of 36 weeks of gestation with snakebite who was succesfully managed.Written consent for the use of case presentation and figures,and consent for publication in print and electronically has been given by the patient.