Anti-thymocyte globulin for treatment of T-cell-mediated allograft rejection

Anti-thymocyte globulin(ATG)is a pivotal immunosuppressive therapy utilized in the management of T-cell-mediated rejection and steroid-resistant rejection among renal transplant recipients.Commercially available as Thymoglobulin(rabbit-derived,Sanofi,United States),ATG-Fresenius S(rabbit-derived),and ATGAM(equine-derived,Pfizer,United States),these formulations share a common mechanism of action centered on their interaction with cell surface markers of immune cells,imparting immunosuppressive effects.Although the prevailing mechanism predominantly involves T-cell depletion via the complement-mediated pathway,alternate mechanisms have been elucidated.Optimal dosing and treatment duration of ATG have exhibited variance across randomised trials and clinical reports,rendering the establishment of standardized guidelines a challenge.The spectrum of risks associated with ATG administration spans from transient adverse effects such as fever,chills,and skin rash in the acute phase to long-term concerns related to immunosuppression,including susceptibility to infections and malignancies.This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough exploration of the current understanding of ATG,encompassing its mechanism of action,clinical utility in the treatment of acute renal graft rejections,specifically steroid-resistant cases,efficacy in rejection episode reversal,and a synthesis of findings from different eras of maintenance immunosuppression.Additionally,it delves into the adverse effects associated with ATG therapy and its impact on long-term graft function.Furthermore,the review underscores the existing gaps in evidence,particularly in the context of the Banff classification of rejections,and highlights the challenges faced by clinicians when navigating the available literature to strike the optimal balance between the risks and benefits of ATG utilization in renal transplantation.

Immunomodulation with rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin in solid organ transplantation

Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin's manifold mechanisms of action may be attribuited to its polyclonal nature. Its T-cell depleting effect on lymphoid cells is well established: Occurring in the blood and secondary lymphoid tissues, depletion proceeds through complement-dependent lysis, opsonization and apoptotic pathways. Clinical studies have shown that rabbit antithymocyte globulin's immunomodulatory effect extends beyond the initial T-cell depletion and up to the period during which lymphocyte populations begin to recover. The drug is able to mediate immunomodulation and graft tolerance by functionally inactivating cell surface receptors involved in antigen recognition, leukocyte trafficking and leukocyte endothelium adhesion. The complex and prolonged immunomodulation induced by this drug contributes to its efficacy in solid organ transplantation, mainly by reducing the incidence of acute graft rejection.

An investigation of long-term outcome of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin and cyclosporine therapy for pediatric severe aplastic anemia

Children with severe aplastic anemia(SAA)face heterogeneous prognoses after immunosuppressive therapy(IST).There are few models that can predict the long-term outcomes of IST for these patients.The objective of this paper is to develop a more effective prediction model for SAA prognosis based on clinical electronic medical records from 203 children with newly diagnosed SAA.In the early stage,a novel model for long-term outcomes of SAA patients with IST was developed using machine-learning techniques.Among the indicators related to long-term efficacy,white blood cell count,lymphocyte count,absolute reticulocyte count,lymphocyte ratio in bone-marrow smears,C-reactive protein,and the level of IL-6,IL-8 and vitamin B12 in the early stage are strongly correlated with long-term efficacy(P<.05).Taken together,we analyzed the long-term outcomes of rabbit antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine therapy for children with SAA through machine-learning techniques,which may shorten the observation period of therapeutic effects and reduce treatment costs and time.

Analysis of the Prognostic Factors of Very Severe Aplastic Anemia Treated with Chinese Kidney-Invigorating Drugs in Combination with Anti-lymphocyte Globulin or Anti-thymocyte Globulin

Objective： To explore the prognostic factors for very severe aplastic anemia （VSAA） patients treated mainly with Chinese Kidney （Shen）-invigorating drugs （CKID） combined with anti-lymphocyte globulin （ALG） or anti-thymocyte globulin （ATG）. Methods： Twenty-seven VSAh. patients were treated with CSID＋ALG/ ATG therapy in conjunction with cyclosporine A, androgen, hemopoietic growth factor, etc. The relationship of the effectiveness and some factors （age of patients, course of illness, blood and bone marrow figures, etc.） were analyzed. Results： In the 25 evaluated VSAA patients who had been followed up for over 1 year, 9 patients （36.0%） were basically cured, 5 （20.0%） remitted, 6 （24.0%） were markedly improved, and 5 （20.0%） were treated in vain, with the total effective rate of treatment being 80.0% （20/25）. Better clinical therapeutic effects were shown in patients newly diagnosed with VSAA, of male sex （P=0.037）, 〉20 years old （P=0.045）, with an illness course ≤ 1 month （,P=0.048）, with peripheral neutrophil count 〉0.1 × 10^9/L （P=0.023）, and with reticulocyte count 〉10 × 10^9/L （P=0.002）. Platelet count （P=0.620） and bone marrow lymphocyte percentage （P=0.736） showed no correlation with the therapeutic effectiveness. Multi-factor analysis by the Kaplan-Meier procedure on the factors influencing survival showed that rather longer survival times occurred in patients 〉 20 years old, with peripheral neutrophil count ≤〈0.1 × 10^9/L, reticulocyte count ≤10 × 10^9/L, and platelet count 〉 10 × 10^9/L （allP=0.0001）. Bone marrow lymphocyte percentage and the initiation time of ALG/ATG application （from onset of the illness） showed no significant influence on patients＇ survival time （P=0.085 and P=0.935, respectively）. Conclusions： CSKD＋ALG/ATG therapy for treatment of VSAA could enhance the current clinical therapeutic effects and elevate patients＇ survival rate. Conditions including male sex, age 〉20 years, illness course ≤1 month, neutrophil count 〉0.1× 10^9/L, and reticulocyte count 〉10 × 10^9/L are the likely effective indices for predicting favorable therapeutic effectiveness in newly diagnosed VSAA patients.

A retrospective comparison of the efficacy and safety in kidney transplant recipients with basiliximab and anti-thymocyte globulin

Background Induction therapy are utilized to achieve an adequate immunosuppression at the time of transplantation. The use of basiliximab or anti-thymocyte globulin （ATG） for induction therapy has significantly reduced the incidence of acute rejection episodes post-transplantation. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the basiliximab in patients with immuno-induction therapy after kidney transplantation with the ATG. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in kidney transplant recipients including 146 patients with the basiliximab and 116 cases with the ATG and the acute rejection, graft function, infective complications and 1-year and 5-year actuarial patient and graft survival after renal transplantation were compared between the two treatment groups. Results There were no statistically significant difference between groups regarding age, sex, cold ischemic time, warm ischemic time, human leukocyte antigen （HLA） matching type between the donor and recipient, lymphotoxin test and the use of immunosuppressive agents. There was no statistical significance regarding the incidence of the acute rejection （9.59% vs. 8.62%, P=0.481） and delayed graft function （10.27% vs. 9.48%, P=0.501） between groups. There were significantly lower lung infection incidence （5.48% vs. 12.93%, P=0.029） in the basiliximab-treated group in comparison with the ATG-treated group. One-year patient and graft survival rates were 98%, 97% for the basiliximab-treated group, and 95%, 73% for the ATG-treated group, respectively. Five-year patient and graft survival rates were 92%, 86% for the basiliximab-treated group and 93%, 72% for the ATG-treated group, respectively. Log rank test showed statistically significant difference with P=0.038 for patients and P=-0.033 for grafts, respectively. There were significantly lower the incidence of granulocytopenia （8.22% vs. 17.24%, P=0.022） and thrombocytopenia （4.11% vs. 19.83%, P=0.000） after transplantation in the basiliximab-treated group in comparison with the ATG-treated group. There was no statistical significance regarding the incidence of the heart dysfunction after transplantation between the two groups （6.16% vs. 6.90%, P=0.502）. Conclusion The immuno-induction therapy with the basiliximab in kidney transplant recipients is efficient and safe with less complication compared with the ATG.

Haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation for severe acquired aplastic anemia: a case-control study of post-transplant cyclophosphamide included regimen vs. anti-thymocyte globulin & colony-stimulating factor-based regimen

Dear Editor,Haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT),a curative therapy for severe aplastic anemia(SAA)patients,has been used clinically for decades.Two models,not involving ex vitro T-cell depletion,have been adopted for haplo-HSCT in patients with SAA.The first is referred to as the"Beijing protocol"(Xu et al.,2017),and comprises a conditioning regimen using busulfex(BU),cyclophosphamide(CY).

Risk factors for chronic graft-versus-host disease after anti-thymocyte globulin-based haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia

Chronic graft-versus-host disease(cGVHD)is a major complication following unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT).We aimed to identify the risk factors for cGVHD in patients who underwent anti-thymocyte globulin-based haplo-HSCT for acute myeloid leukemia(n=280).The diagnosis of cGVHD was in accordance with the National Institutes of Health consensus criteria.A total of 169 patients suffered from cGVHD.The patients who had 3 loci mismatched had a higher 8-year incidence of cGVHD(total,66.0%vs.53.7%,P=0.031;moderate to severe,42.4%vs.30.1%,P=0.036)than the patients who had 1 to 2 loci mismatched.The patients who had maternal donors had a higher 8-year incidence of moderate to severe cGVHD(49.2%vs.32.9%,P=0.024)compared with the patients who had other donors.The patients who had grades III to IV acute GVHD(aGVHD)had higher 8-year incidence of cGVHD(total,88.0%vs.50.4%,P<0.001;moderate to severe,68.0%vs.27.0%,P<0.001)compared with the patients without aGVHD.In multivariate analysis,grades III to IV aGVHD was the only independent risk factor for cGVHD.Thus,further interventions should be considered in patients with severe aGVHD to prevent cGVHD.

The Effect of the Direct Anti-Human Globulin Test on the Clinical Outcome of Patients Receiving Blood Transfusion

Objective:To study the effect of the direct anti-human globulin test on the clinical efficacy of blood transfusion patients.Methods:52 transfused patients were selected for this study,of which 26 cases with positive direct anti-human globulin tests were included in the positive group,and another 26 cases with negative direct anti-human globulin tests were included in the negative group.The apparent efficacy of the patients in the two groups after blood transfusion was compared.Results:After blood transfusion,the apparent efficacy of the negative group was significantly higher,P<0.05;in the positive group,the proportion of the predominantly multi-antibody group was the highest;after blood transfusion,the post-transfusion apparent efficacy of the simple IgG group was higher than that of the multi-antibody group,P<0.05;comparing the intensity of the different antibodies resulted in the 1+group,and the 3+to 4+groups were significantly lower after blood transfusion,P<0.05.Conclusion:The use of the direct antiglobulin test in transfused patients showed that patients with positive results would have better clinical efficacy.Direct anti-human globulin tests will have an impact on the clinical efficacy of blood transfusion in patients with positive results,so it is very important to carry out a direct anti-human globulin test on blood transfusion patients.

Multi-protective effects of wheat embryo globulin on D-gal-induced aging mice

Wheat embryo globulin(WEG)has been proven to possess multiple biological activities,including antioxidative properties,immunomodulatory,and so on.Aged mouse model were established by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose(D-gal),and the effects of WEG on learning,memory,and antioxidant capacity in aging mice were explored through behavioural tests and antioxidant enzyme activities determination.Compared with the Model group,WEG improved the percentage of the platform quadrant,increased the number of crossing platforms,and enhanced the identification indexs.WEG also increased total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities in the liver and brains of aging mice,and reduced malondialdehyde(MDA)content.Pathological observations indicated that WEG protected against damage to brain in D-gal-induced aging mice.These results effectively revealed that WEG not only improved the abilities of learning and memory,and the cognitive impairment,but also delayed the aging process of the D-gal-induced mice.

白蛋白-球蛋白比值与维持性血液透析患者预后的相关性

目的:分析白蛋白-球蛋白比值(AGR)与维持性血液透析(MHD)患者预后的相关性。方法:回顾2010年01月—2020年12月在韶关市第一人民医院收治的320例MHD患者的临床资料,AGR水平波动于0.41~3.26之间,根据AGR中位数(1.21)将患者分为高AGR组(n=162)和低AGR组(n=158),通过倾向性匹配评分匹配分为高AGR组和低AGR组各94例,分析患者死亡原因,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析两组生存情况,并用COX比例风险模型分析AGR对MHD患者心血管死亡和全因死亡的影响。结果:(1)低AGR组患者白细胞计数、血小板计数、纤维蛋白原、球蛋白水平均高于高AGR组,血清磷、血尿酸、血肌酐、血尿素氮、白蛋白水平均低于高AGR组(P<0.05)。(2)中位随访时间41.35个月,随访期间转腹膜透析治疗4例(2.13%),肾移植1例(0.53%),失访2例(1.06%),死亡62例(32.98%),死亡原因分别为:心血管疾病44例(70.97%)、感染9例(14.52%)、肿瘤3例(4.84%)、其它6例(9.68%)。(3)Kaplan-Meier分析显示,高AGR组患者累积全因生存率(P<0.001)和累积心血管疾病存活率(P<0.001)均优于低AGR组患者。(4)COX回归分析显示,未校正的模型中低AGR组患者全因死亡风险(HR:3.842)及心血管死亡风险(HR:3.752)均显著增加,校正后,低AGR组患者全因死亡风险(HR:2.657)和心血管死亡风险(HR:2.764)仍显著增加,在此基础上进一步校正变量后,低AGR仍然是增加全因死亡风险(HR:2.740)和心血管死亡风险(HR:2.651)的独立风险因素。此外,AGR预测全因死亡风险和心血管死亡风险的AUC分别为:0.751和0.744。结论:低AGR是MHD患者心血管和全因死亡的独立危险因素,AGR可作为评估MHD患者预后可靠指标。

特发性矮小症发生影响因素及血清鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白的临床诊断价值

目的 探究特发性矮小症发生影响因素以及血清鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白在该类患儿中的表达水平和临床诊断价值。方法 收集南阳市中心医院2020年5月至2022年10月诊治的86例特发性矮小症患儿为疾病组,另外收集86例在同一时期进行体检的健康儿童作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测两组儿童血清中鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白表达水平,logistic回归分析特发性矮小症发生的影响因素;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白表达水平对特发性矮小症患儿的诊断价值。结果 疾病组血清鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,血清鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白、性发育状态、骨龄指数是发生特发性矮小症的影响因素(P<0.05);血清鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白两者分别诊断特发性矮小症患儿的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.816、0.871,两者联合诊断特发性矮小症患儿的AUC为0.941,两者联合优于血清鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白各自单一诊断(Z=3.896、3.500,P<0.05)。结论 特发性矮小症患儿血清中鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白表达水平均较低,且两者均是儿童发生特发性矮小症的影响因素,两者联合监测对特发性矮小症早期诊断有一定的应用价值。

基于孟德尔随机化分析研究儿童肥胖与妊娠期糖尿病的因果关系及性激素结合球蛋白的调节作用

目的:探讨儿童肥胖与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)之间的独立因果关系,并确定性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)对这一关系的中介作用。方法:利用全基因组关联研究(GWAS)对儿童肥胖和GDM的统计数据进行了双样本孟德尔随机化分析,评估儿童肥胖与GDM的因果影响,并通过中介分析研究儿童肥胖和GDM之间的关联是否通过性激素结合球蛋白发挥作用。结果:单变量孟德尔随机化结果显示,儿童肥胖可显著增加GDM的风险,儿童肥胖与SHBG呈负相关,SHBG与GDM呈负相关。多因素孟德尔随机化分析显示,儿童肥胖是GDM的独立危险因素,SHBG并非是GDM的独立危险因素。中介效应分析显示,SHBG是儿童肥胖所致的GDM的中介因子。结论:儿童期肥胖对GDM发病存在因果关系,SHBG可部分调控儿童肥胖导致的GDM发生。

不同Child-Pugh分级肝硬化患者血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶的表达水平差异及其疾病预后危险因素分析

目的分析不同Child-Pugh分级肝硬化患者血清凝血酶敏感蛋白-1(TSP-1)、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶的表达水平差异及其疾病预后危险因素。方法回顾性选取2020年2月至2023年2月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的70例肝硬化患者作为主要研究对象,根据Child-Pugh分级将其分为Child-Pugh A级组(n=20),Child-Pugh B级组(n=34),Child-Pugh C级组(n=16),另选取同期在本院进行体检的50名健康人群作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测4组及肝硬化不同预后患者的血清TSP-1、球蛋白、胆碱酯酶、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平;采用双变量Spearman相关性检验血清TSP-1、球蛋白、胆碱酯酶、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶与肝硬化患者Child-Pugh分级和预后的相关性;建立多因素Logistic模型分析影响肝硬化患者预后的独立危险因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶对肝硬化预后的预测价值。结果与对照组比较,Child-Pugh A级组、Child-Pugh B级组、Child-Pugh C级组患者的血清TSP-1、球蛋白、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平较高,血清胆碱酯酶表达水平较低;与Child-Pugh A级组患者比较,Child-Pugh B级组、Child-Pugh C级组患者的血清TSP-1、球蛋白、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平较高,血清胆碱酯酶表达水平较低;与Child-Pugh B级组比较,Child-Pugh C级组患者的血清TSP-1、球蛋白、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平较高,血清胆碱酯酶表达水平较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与预后良好组比较,预后不良组血清TSP-1、球蛋白、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平较高,血清胆碱酯酶表达水平较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肝硬化患者血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶与Child-Pugh分级和预后均呈正相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,Child-Pugh分级、TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶均是影响肝硬化患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶与TSP-1+球蛋白/胆碱酯酶预测肝硬化患者预后的曲线下面积值分别为0.814、0.824、0.885。结论血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶异常表达与肝硬化Child-Pugh分级及其预后均存在一定关联,可作为肝硬化患者的Child-Pugh分级及预后的辅助预测指标。

鼠神经生长因子联合丙种球蛋白治疗慢性格林巴利综合征临床疗效观察

目的探讨鼠神经生长因子(mNGF)联合丙种球蛋白(IVIG)治疗格林巴利综合征(GBS)的临床疗效及对炎性因子及肌力评分的影响。方法我院收治的73例GBS患者,按治疗方法分为观察组(mNGF联合IVIG治疗)40例和对照组(IVIG治疗)33例。对比两组临床疗效、炎性因子、肌力评分及肢体功能Hughes量表评分,并记录治疗期间不良反应发生率。结果观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组血清IL-4水平高于对照组,IL-21、IL-23水平低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组上、下肢肌力评分高于对照组,肢体功能Hughes评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论mNGF联合IVIG对慢性GBS的临床效果优于单纯使用IVIG治疗,二者联合治疗可有效抑制相关促炎因子的表达,明显改善患者肌力和肢体功能。

自身免疫性肝炎临床误诊分析

目的探讨自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)的诊治措施及误诊原因、防范措施。方法回顾性分析2020年1月—2022年5月收治的AIH误诊为病毒性肝炎21例的临床资料。结果21例主要症状为食欲缺乏、乏力、黄疸、发热,伴腹胀12例,恶心5例,胸闷和胸痛4例,呕吐及关节痛各3例。体形消瘦,巩膜及皮肤黏膜黄染明显。查血丙氨酸转氨酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶升高;7例γ-谷氨酰转肽酶升高,碱性磷酸酶和总胆红素升高各6例。腹部B超检查示肝大18例,肝内回声不均。初期外院诊断为病毒性肝炎,予相应治疗15 d无好转,遂转我院。查血抗平滑肌抗体(SMA)、抗核抗体(ANA)阳性,血γ-球蛋白、IgG升高,结合肝炎病毒血清学检测阴性及相关病史,遂明确诊断为AIH。误诊时间18~21 d。确诊后,18例予泼尼松单独治疗,3例予泼尼松联合硫唑嘌呤治疗。治疗1年后随访,患者病情稳定,无复发。结论AIH发病较隐匿,以年轻女性高发,临床表现多样且无特异性,易误诊为病毒性肝炎,行肝炎病毒血清学检查及ANA、SMA、抗肝肾微粒体、免疫球蛋白或肝组织病理检查可区分二者,确诊后应及时予有效治疗,以改善患者预后。

遵义市2021—2023年性早熟女童的昼夜自发性促性腺激素水平检测

目的探讨与分析2021—2023年遵义市性早熟女童的昼夜自发性促性腺激素水平检测价值。方法选择2021年9月—2023年3月在遵义市妇幼保健院诊治的78例性早熟女童作为性早熟组,同期选择在遵义市妇幼保健院进行体检的78名健康女童作为健康组。检测两组昼夜自发性促性腺激素水平、25-羟维生素D、性激素结合球蛋白含量,同时判定所有女童的卵泡生长状况。结果性早熟组子宫长径、卵巢容积、总卵泡数、最大卵泡直径都显著高于健康组(P<0.05)。性早熟组夜间自发血、日间自发血的血清促黄体生成素、促卵泡生成素含量都显著高于健康组(P<0.05)。性早熟组空腹血清25-羟维生素D、性激素结合球蛋白含量都低于健康组(P<0.05)。在78例性早熟女童中,Spearman分析显示夜间自发血、日间自发血的血清促黄体生成素、促卵泡生成素含量、子宫长径、卵巢容积、总卵泡数、最大卵泡直径、25-羟维生素D、性激素结合球蛋白与女童性早熟存在相关性(r=0.744、0.699、0.714、0.766、0.794、0.636、0.715、0.677、-0.688、-0.714,P<0.05)。结论2021—2023年遵义市性早熟女童多表现为子宫长径、卵巢容积、总卵泡数、最大卵泡直径增加,也伴随有昼夜自发性促性腺激素水平升高与血清25-羟维生素D、性激素结合球蛋白含量降低,对性早熟女童的昼夜自发性促性腺激素水平检测具有重要的临床价值。

绿豆球蛋白淀粉样纤维的形成、结构表征及乳化特性

基于不同酸热处理时间探讨绿豆球蛋白淀粉样纤维(mung bean globulin amyloid fibrils,MBGFs)形成过程中的结构演变规律,同时探究各阶段形成的MBGFs乳化特性。结果表明:加热0~12 h过程中,绿豆球蛋白(mung bean globulin,MBG)的亚基逐渐降解,水解成以小分子多肽为主的纤维结构单元;并产生大量β-折叠结构,相对含量从0 h的(18.28±0.75)%提升到12 h的(53.61±1.15)%,与硫磺素T结合后荧光强度增强;MBGFs形态逐渐变得细长、柔韧,在此过程中发生了定向的纤维化聚集;在加热16~24 h过程中,成熟的MBGFs结构逐渐发生解离,纤维结构特征被破坏;与MBG相比,MBGFs乳液的乳化活性指数、乳化稳定性指数、蛋白吸附率和界面蛋白含量均有明显提高,其中酸热处理4 h形成的MBGFs乳化效果最优;4 h MBGFs乳液油滴体积较小、分布均匀有序,表观黏度最高,具有弹性凝胶结构。综上,不同酸热处理时间对MBGFs结构和乳化特性具有显著影响,MBGFs与MBG相比具有更优异的乳化性能。本研究为明晰MBGFs形成规律提供理论支撑,为高效食品级乳化剂的研发提供思路。

亚油酸含量对大豆11S球蛋白膜理化性质的影响

为探究成膜液和膜中脂质和蛋白之间的相互作用,研究了亚油酸含量(蛋白质量的0%、10%、20%、30%和40%)对11S球蛋白成膜液的黏度及膜的微观结构和理化性质的影响。共聚焦激光扫描显微镜图像显示,成膜液中油滴尺寸均随亚油酸含量增加而增大,干燥成膜后油滴尺寸进一步增大。扫描电子显微镜结果显示,添加亚油酸后光滑致密的蛋白膜上表面出现油滴聚集,而下表面变得粗糙,但未出现油滴。添加40%亚油酸后,膜的玻璃化转变温度、抗拉伸强度和水蒸气透过系数分别由53.50℃、12.67MPa和2.52×10^(-10)g/(m·Pa·s)降低至50.38℃、7.30 MPa和1.83×10^(-10)g/(m·Pa·s),而断裂延伸率由95.58%增加至198.15%。分子动力学模拟结果表明,11S球蛋白与亚油酸分子在200 ns内没有发生相互作用。添加亚油酸会导致11S球蛋白膜中离子键和二硫键比例下降,而疏水相互作用和非二硫键共价键比例增加。以上结果表明,添加亚油酸可以通过改变膜中蛋白间的化学相互作用,从而影响膜的理化性质。研究结果将为大豆蛋白乳液膜成膜机制的研究提供理论参考。

基于质谱法检测的杭州地区育龄妇女血清雄激素水平特征分析

目的采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法检测浙江省杭州地区20~40岁妇女血清6种雄激素亚型并进行特征分析。方法回顾性选取2021年11月至2022年2月在浙江省人民医院、杭州市第一人民医院和浙江省立同德医院3家医院符合纳入和排除标准的杭州地区健康育龄体检女性380人为受试者,年龄20~40岁,采用LC-MS/MS法测定其血清总睾酮(TT)、游离睾酮(FT)、二氢睾酮(DHT)、雄烯二酮(A4)、脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)和硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)水平,采用百分位数法(P_(2.5)~P_(97.5))建立分布区间并分层分析差异,同时分析这6种雄激素亚型与代谢参数的关系。结果总受试人群的TT、FT、DHT、A4、DHEA和DHEAS的分布区间分别为81.77~477.21、1.00~4.05、50.00~157.28、550.33~2172.06、1675.51~12054.90 pg/mL和0.92~4.05μg/mL,其中TT、FT和DHT分布区间P_(97.5)明显低于梅奥诊所实验室的;20~30岁组和31~40岁组的血清雄激素水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DHT、DHEA、DHEAS在卵泡早中期、卵泡晚期和黄体期比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),而TT、FT、A4比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。此外,正常BMI健康育龄妇女的6种血清雄激素及性激素结合球蛋白与糖脂代谢参数均有不同程度的相关性(均P<0.05)。结论杭州地区育龄女性血清雄激素水平与国外人群有较大差异,需建立本地参考值以供临床参考。

桥本甲状腺炎UGRP1与Fas介导的凋亡通路的相关性研究

目的探讨桥本甲状腺炎(HT)中子宫球蛋白相关蛋白1(UGRP1)与Fas介导的凋亡通路的相关性。方法免疫组化(IHC)法检测正常人、HT患者甲状腺细胞UGRP1的表达。在体外用质粒转染大鼠甲状腺细胞(FRTL-5细胞),分别为空载体质粒组、UGRP1质粒组、Fas质粒组,采用实时荧光定量逆转录PCR(RT-qPCR)方法检测各组细胞Fas、UGRP1基因表达水平的变化。结果HT患者甲状腺细胞UGRP1表达呈阳性,正常人甲状腺细胞UGRP1表达呈阴性。转染UGRP1质粒组的Fas基因表达水平较空载体质粒组无明显变化(1.0850±0.1249 vs1.0210±0.1139),转染Fas质粒组的UGRP1基因表达水平较空载体质粒组显著升高(P<0.0001,5.8070±0.3232 vs0.7527±0.0760)。结论桥本甲状腺炎UGRP1高表达可能与Fas介导的凋亡通路相关。