Anti-thymocyte globulin for treatment of T-cell-mediated allograft rejection

Anti-thymocyte globulin(ATG)is a pivotal immunosuppressive therapy utilized in the management of T-cell-mediated rejection and steroid-resistant rejection among renal transplant recipients.Commercially available as Thymoglobulin(rabbit-derived,Sanofi,United States),ATG-Fresenius S(rabbit-derived),and ATGAM(equine-derived,Pfizer,United States),these formulations share a common mechanism of action centered on their interaction with cell surface markers of immune cells,imparting immunosuppressive effects.Although the prevailing mechanism predominantly involves T-cell depletion via the complement-mediated pathway,alternate mechanisms have been elucidated.Optimal dosing and treatment duration of ATG have exhibited variance across randomised trials and clinical reports,rendering the establishment of standardized guidelines a challenge.The spectrum of risks associated with ATG administration spans from transient adverse effects such as fever,chills,and skin rash in the acute phase to long-term concerns related to immunosuppression,including susceptibility to infections and malignancies.This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough exploration of the current understanding of ATG,encompassing its mechanism of action,clinical utility in the treatment of acute renal graft rejections,specifically steroid-resistant cases,efficacy in rejection episode reversal,and a synthesis of findings from different eras of maintenance immunosuppression.Additionally,it delves into the adverse effects associated with ATG therapy and its impact on long-term graft function.Furthermore,the review underscores the existing gaps in evidence,particularly in the context of the Banff classification of rejections,and highlights the challenges faced by clinicians when navigating the available literature to strike the optimal balance between the risks and benefits of ATG utilization in renal transplantation.

Immunomodulation with rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin in solid organ transplantation

Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin's manifold mechanisms of action may be attribuited to its polyclonal nature. Its T-cell depleting effect on lymphoid cells is well established: Occurring in the blood and secondary lymphoid tissues, depletion proceeds through complement-dependent lysis, opsonization and apoptotic pathways. Clinical studies have shown that rabbit antithymocyte globulin's immunomodulatory effect extends beyond the initial T-cell depletion and up to the period during which lymphocyte populations begin to recover. The drug is able to mediate immunomodulation and graft tolerance by functionally inactivating cell surface receptors involved in antigen recognition, leukocyte trafficking and leukocyte endothelium adhesion. The complex and prolonged immunomodulation induced by this drug contributes to its efficacy in solid organ transplantation, mainly by reducing the incidence of acute graft rejection.

An investigation of long-term outcome of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin and cyclosporine therapy for pediatric severe aplastic anemia

Children with severe aplastic anemia(SAA)face heterogeneous prognoses after immunosuppressive therapy(IST).There are few models that can predict the long-term outcomes of IST for these patients.The objective of this paper is to develop a more effective prediction model for SAA prognosis based on clinical electronic medical records from 203 children with newly diagnosed SAA.In the early stage,a novel model for long-term outcomes of SAA patients with IST was developed using machine-learning techniques.Among the indicators related to long-term efficacy,white blood cell count,lymphocyte count,absolute reticulocyte count,lymphocyte ratio in bone-marrow smears,C-reactive protein,and the level of IL-6,IL-8 and vitamin B12 in the early stage are strongly correlated with long-term efficacy(P<.05).Taken together,we analyzed the long-term outcomes of rabbit antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine therapy for children with SAA through machine-learning techniques,which may shorten the observation period of therapeutic effects and reduce treatment costs and time.

Analysis of the Prognostic Factors of Very Severe Aplastic Anemia Treated with Chinese Kidney-Invigorating Drugs in Combination with Anti-lymphocyte Globulin or Anti-thymocyte Globulin

Objective： To explore the prognostic factors for very severe aplastic anemia （VSAA） patients treated mainly with Chinese Kidney （Shen）-invigorating drugs （CKID） combined with anti-lymphocyte globulin （ALG） or anti-thymocyte globulin （ATG）. Methods： Twenty-seven VSAh. patients were treated with CSID＋ALG/ ATG therapy in conjunction with cyclosporine A, androgen, hemopoietic growth factor, etc. The relationship of the effectiveness and some factors （age of patients, course of illness, blood and bone marrow figures, etc.） were analyzed. Results： In the 25 evaluated VSAA patients who had been followed up for over 1 year, 9 patients （36.0%） were basically cured, 5 （20.0%） remitted, 6 （24.0%） were markedly improved, and 5 （20.0%） were treated in vain, with the total effective rate of treatment being 80.0% （20/25）. Better clinical therapeutic effects were shown in patients newly diagnosed with VSAA, of male sex （P=0.037）, 〉20 years old （P=0.045）, with an illness course ≤ 1 month （,P=0.048）, with peripheral neutrophil count 〉0.1 × 10^9/L （P=0.023）, and with reticulocyte count 〉10 × 10^9/L （P=0.002）. Platelet count （P=0.620） and bone marrow lymphocyte percentage （P=0.736） showed no correlation with the therapeutic effectiveness. Multi-factor analysis by the Kaplan-Meier procedure on the factors influencing survival showed that rather longer survival times occurred in patients 〉 20 years old, with peripheral neutrophil count ≤〈0.1 × 10^9/L, reticulocyte count ≤10 × 10^9/L, and platelet count 〉 10 × 10^9/L （allP=0.0001）. Bone marrow lymphocyte percentage and the initiation time of ALG/ATG application （from onset of the illness） showed no significant influence on patients＇ survival time （P=0.085 and P=0.935, respectively）. Conclusions： CSKD＋ALG/ATG therapy for treatment of VSAA could enhance the current clinical therapeutic effects and elevate patients＇ survival rate. Conditions including male sex, age 〉20 years, illness course ≤1 month, neutrophil count 〉0.1× 10^9/L, and reticulocyte count 〉10 × 10^9/L are the likely effective indices for predicting favorable therapeutic effectiveness in newly diagnosed VSAA patients.

A retrospective comparison of the efficacy and safety in kidney transplant recipients with basiliximab and anti-thymocyte globulin

Background Induction therapy are utilized to achieve an adequate immunosuppression at the time of transplantation. The use of basiliximab or anti-thymocyte globulin （ATG） for induction therapy has significantly reduced the incidence of acute rejection episodes post-transplantation. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the basiliximab in patients with immuno-induction therapy after kidney transplantation with the ATG. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in kidney transplant recipients including 146 patients with the basiliximab and 116 cases with the ATG and the acute rejection, graft function, infective complications and 1-year and 5-year actuarial patient and graft survival after renal transplantation were compared between the two treatment groups. Results There were no statistically significant difference between groups regarding age, sex, cold ischemic time, warm ischemic time, human leukocyte antigen （HLA） matching type between the donor and recipient, lymphotoxin test and the use of immunosuppressive agents. There was no statistical significance regarding the incidence of the acute rejection （9.59% vs. 8.62%, P=0.481） and delayed graft function （10.27% vs. 9.48%, P=0.501） between groups. There were significantly lower lung infection incidence （5.48% vs. 12.93%, P=0.029） in the basiliximab-treated group in comparison with the ATG-treated group. One-year patient and graft survival rates were 98%, 97% for the basiliximab-treated group, and 95%, 73% for the ATG-treated group, respectively. Five-year patient and graft survival rates were 92%, 86% for the basiliximab-treated group and 93%, 72% for the ATG-treated group, respectively. Log rank test showed statistically significant difference with P=0.038 for patients and P=-0.033 for grafts, respectively. There were significantly lower the incidence of granulocytopenia （8.22% vs. 17.24%, P=0.022） and thrombocytopenia （4.11% vs. 19.83%, P=0.000） after transplantation in the basiliximab-treated group in comparison with the ATG-treated group. There was no statistical significance regarding the incidence of the heart dysfunction after transplantation between the two groups （6.16% vs. 6.90%, P=0.502）. Conclusion The immuno-induction therapy with the basiliximab in kidney transplant recipients is efficient and safe with less complication compared with the ATG.

Haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation for severe acquired aplastic anemia: a case-control study of post-transplant cyclophosphamide included regimen vs. anti-thymocyte globulin & colony-stimulating factor-based regimen

Dear Editor,Haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT),a curative therapy for severe aplastic anemia(SAA)patients,has been used clinically for decades.Two models,not involving ex vitro T-cell depletion,have been adopted for haplo-HSCT in patients with SAA.The first is referred to as the"Beijing protocol"(Xu et al.,2017),and comprises a conditioning regimen using busulfex(BU),cyclophosphamide(CY).

Risk factors for chronic graft-versus-host disease after anti-thymocyte globulin-based haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia

Chronic graft-versus-host disease(cGVHD)is a major complication following unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT).We aimed to identify the risk factors for cGVHD in patients who underwent anti-thymocyte globulin-based haplo-HSCT for acute myeloid leukemia(n=280).The diagnosis of cGVHD was in accordance with the National Institutes of Health consensus criteria.A total of 169 patients suffered from cGVHD.The patients who had 3 loci mismatched had a higher 8-year incidence of cGVHD(total,66.0%vs.53.7%,P=0.031;moderate to severe,42.4%vs.30.1%,P=0.036)than the patients who had 1 to 2 loci mismatched.The patients who had maternal donors had a higher 8-year incidence of moderate to severe cGVHD(49.2%vs.32.9%,P=0.024)compared with the patients who had other donors.The patients who had grades III to IV acute GVHD(aGVHD)had higher 8-year incidence of cGVHD(total,88.0%vs.50.4%,P<0.001;moderate to severe,68.0%vs.27.0%,P<0.001)compared with the patients without aGVHD.In multivariate analysis,grades III to IV aGVHD was the only independent risk factor for cGVHD.Thus,further interventions should be considered in patients with severe aGVHD to prevent cGVHD.

The Effect of the Direct Anti-Human Globulin Test on the Clinical Outcome of Patients Receiving Blood Transfusion

Objective:To study the effect of the direct anti-human globulin test on the clinical efficacy of blood transfusion patients.Methods:52 transfused patients were selected for this study,of which 26 cases with positive direct anti-human globulin tests were included in the positive group,and another 26 cases with negative direct anti-human globulin tests were included in the negative group.The apparent efficacy of the patients in the two groups after blood transfusion was compared.Results:After blood transfusion,the apparent efficacy of the negative group was significantly higher,P<0.05;in the positive group,the proportion of the predominantly multi-antibody group was the highest;after blood transfusion,the post-transfusion apparent efficacy of the simple IgG group was higher than that of the multi-antibody group,P<0.05;comparing the intensity of the different antibodies resulted in the 1+group,and the 3+to 4+groups were significantly lower after blood transfusion,P<0.05.Conclusion:The use of the direct antiglobulin test in transfused patients showed that patients with positive results would have better clinical efficacy.Direct anti-human globulin tests will have an impact on the clinical efficacy of blood transfusion in patients with positive results,so it is very important to carry out a direct anti-human globulin test on blood transfusion patients.

Multi-protective effects of wheat embryo globulin on D-gal-induced aging mice

Wheat embryo globulin(WEG)has been proven to possess multiple biological activities,including antioxidative properties,immunomodulatory,and so on.Aged mouse model were established by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose(D-gal),and the effects of WEG on learning,memory,and antioxidant capacity in aging mice were explored through behavioural tests and antioxidant enzyme activities determination.Compared with the Model group,WEG improved the percentage of the platform quadrant,increased the number of crossing platforms,and enhanced the identification indexs.WEG also increased total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities in the liver and brains of aging mice,and reduced malondialdehyde(MDA)content.Pathological observations indicated that WEG protected against damage to brain in D-gal-induced aging mice.These results effectively revealed that WEG not only improved the abilities of learning and memory,and the cognitive impairment,but also delayed the aging process of the D-gal-induced mice.

不同Child-Pugh分级肝硬化患者血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶的表达水平差异及其疾病预后危险因素分析

目的分析不同Child-Pugh分级肝硬化患者血清凝血酶敏感蛋白-1(TSP-1)、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶的表达水平差异及其疾病预后危险因素。方法回顾性选取2020年2月至2023年2月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的70例肝硬化患者作为主要研究对象,根据Child-Pugh分级将其分为Child-Pugh A级组(n=20),Child-Pugh B级组(n=34),Child-Pugh C级组(n=16),另选取同期在本院进行体检的50名健康人群作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测4组及肝硬化不同预后患者的血清TSP-1、球蛋白、胆碱酯酶、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平;采用双变量Spearman相关性检验血清TSP-1、球蛋白、胆碱酯酶、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶与肝硬化患者Child-Pugh分级和预后的相关性;建立多因素Logistic模型分析影响肝硬化患者预后的独立危险因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶对肝硬化预后的预测价值。结果与对照组比较,Child-Pugh A级组、Child-Pugh B级组、Child-Pugh C级组患者的血清TSP-1、球蛋白、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平较高,血清胆碱酯酶表达水平较低;与Child-Pugh A级组患者比较,Child-Pugh B级组、Child-Pugh C级组患者的血清TSP-1、球蛋白、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平较高,血清胆碱酯酶表达水平较低;与Child-Pugh B级组比较,Child-Pugh C级组患者的血清TSP-1、球蛋白、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平较高,血清胆碱酯酶表达水平较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与预后良好组比较,预后不良组血清TSP-1、球蛋白、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶表达水平较高,血清胆碱酯酶表达水平较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肝硬化患者血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶与Child-Pugh分级和预后均呈正相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,Child-Pugh分级、TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶均是影响肝硬化患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶与TSP-1+球蛋白/胆碱酯酶预测肝硬化患者预后的曲线下面积值分别为0.814、0.824、0.885。结论血清TSP-1、球蛋白/胆碱酯酶异常表达与肝硬化Child-Pugh分级及其预后均存在一定关联,可作为肝硬化患者的Child-Pugh分级及预后的辅助预测指标。

白蛋白-球蛋白比值与维持性血液透析患者预后的相关性

目的:分析白蛋白-球蛋白比值(AGR)与维持性血液透析(MHD)患者预后的相关性。方法:回顾2010年01月—2020年12月在韶关市第一人民医院收治的320例MHD患者的临床资料,AGR水平波动于0.41~3.26之间,根据AGR中位数(1.21)将患者分为高AGR组(n=162)和低AGR组(n=158),通过倾向性匹配评分匹配分为高AGR组和低AGR组各94例,分析患者死亡原因,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析两组生存情况,并用COX比例风险模型分析AGR对MHD患者心血管死亡和全因死亡的影响。结果:(1)低AGR组患者白细胞计数、血小板计数、纤维蛋白原、球蛋白水平均高于高AGR组,血清磷、血尿酸、血肌酐、血尿素氮、白蛋白水平均低于高AGR组(P<0.05)。(2)中位随访时间41.35个月,随访期间转腹膜透析治疗4例(2.13%),肾移植1例(0.53%),失访2例(1.06%),死亡62例(32.98%),死亡原因分别为:心血管疾病44例(70.97%)、感染9例(14.52%)、肿瘤3例(4.84%)、其它6例(9.68%)。(3)Kaplan-Meier分析显示,高AGR组患者累积全因生存率(P<0.001)和累积心血管疾病存活率(P<0.001)均优于低AGR组患者。(4)COX回归分析显示,未校正的模型中低AGR组患者全因死亡风险(HR:3.842)及心血管死亡风险(HR:3.752)均显著增加,校正后,低AGR组患者全因死亡风险(HR:2.657)和心血管死亡风险(HR:2.764)仍显著增加,在此基础上进一步校正变量后,低AGR仍然是增加全因死亡风险(HR:2.740)和心血管死亡风险(HR:2.651)的独立风险因素。此外,AGR预测全因死亡风险和心血管死亡风险的AUC分别为:0.751和0.744。结论:低AGR是MHD患者心血管和全因死亡的独立危险因素,AGR可作为评估MHD患者预后可靠指标。

特发性矮小症发生影响因素及血清鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白的临床诊断价值

目的 探究特发性矮小症发生影响因素以及血清鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白在该类患儿中的表达水平和临床诊断价值。方法 收集南阳市中心医院2020年5月至2022年10月诊治的86例特发性矮小症患儿为疾病组,另外收集86例在同一时期进行体检的健康儿童作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测两组儿童血清中鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白表达水平,logistic回归分析特发性矮小症发生的影响因素;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白表达水平对特发性矮小症患儿的诊断价值。结果 疾病组血清鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,血清鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白、性发育状态、骨龄指数是发生特发性矮小症的影响因素(P<0.05);血清鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白两者分别诊断特发性矮小症患儿的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.816、0.871,两者联合诊断特发性矮小症患儿的AUC为0.941,两者联合优于血清鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白各自单一诊断(Z=3.896、3.500,P<0.05)。结论 特发性矮小症患儿血清中鸢尾素、性激素结合球蛋白表达水平均较低,且两者均是儿童发生特发性矮小症的影响因素,两者联合监测对特发性矮小症早期诊断有一定的应用价值。

基于孟德尔随机化分析研究儿童肥胖与妊娠期糖尿病的因果关系及性激素结合球蛋白的调节作用

目的:探讨儿童肥胖与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)之间的独立因果关系,并确定性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)对这一关系的中介作用。方法:利用全基因组关联研究(GWAS)对儿童肥胖和GDM的统计数据进行了双样本孟德尔随机化分析,评估儿童肥胖与GDM的因果影响,并通过中介分析研究儿童肥胖和GDM之间的关联是否通过性激素结合球蛋白发挥作用。结果:单变量孟德尔随机化结果显示,儿童肥胖可显著增加GDM的风险,儿童肥胖与SHBG呈负相关,SHBG与GDM呈负相关。多因素孟德尔随机化分析显示,儿童肥胖是GDM的独立危险因素,SHBG并非是GDM的独立危险因素。中介效应分析显示,SHBG是儿童肥胖所致的GDM的中介因子。结论:儿童期肥胖对GDM发病存在因果关系,SHBG可部分调控儿童肥胖导致的GDM发生。

肾移植术后尿路感染209例的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的探讨肾移植术后不同时期尿路感染的特点及其相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析209例肾移植受者的临床资料,按照术后随访时间分为3个时期,第一时期为移植术后1个月内,第二时期为术后1~6个月,第三时期为术后7~12个月。分析肾移植术后不同时期尿路感染的发生情况,发生尿路感染受者的尿培养结果及常见病原菌耐药特点。分析反复尿路感染者的菌群,分析尿路感染的危险因素及尿路感染对移植肾功能的影响。结果第一时期尿路感染率为90.0%,第二时期尿路感染率为49.3%,第三时期尿路感染率为22.5%。第二时期、第三时期亲属活体器官捐献男性受者的尿路感染率低于女性受者(均为P<0.05)。尿培养结果阳性60例,共检出病原菌84株,以革兰阴性菌为主,其中肺炎克雷伯菌占比最高。66例受者反复发生尿路感染,检出病原菌包括肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、光滑假丝酵母菌和其他。单因素分析结果显示,术后使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白是第一时期发生尿路感染的危险因素,术前尿路感染、供者类型是第二时期发生尿路感染组的危险因素,受者性别、年龄是第三时期发生尿路感染的危险因素;多因素分析结果显示,术后使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白是第一时期发生尿路感染的危险因素,受者性别、年龄是第三时期发生尿路感染的危险因素(均为P<0.05)。第三时期治愈65例,未治愈38例,治愈患者治疗后血清肌酐及白细胞水平较治疗前下降(均为P<0.05)。结论肾移植受者尿路感染以革兰阴性菌为主,其耐药性较高;术后使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白、女性和高龄是肾移植受者发生尿路感染的危险因素。

鼠神经生长因子联合丙种球蛋白治疗慢性格林巴利综合征临床疗效观察

目的探讨鼠神经生长因子(mNGF)联合丙种球蛋白(IVIG)治疗格林巴利综合征(GBS)的临床疗效及对炎性因子及肌力评分的影响。方法我院收治的73例GBS患者,按治疗方法分为观察组(mNGF联合IVIG治疗)40例和对照组(IVIG治疗)33例。对比两组临床疗效、炎性因子、肌力评分及肢体功能Hughes量表评分,并记录治疗期间不良反应发生率。结果观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组血清IL-4水平高于对照组,IL-21、IL-23水平低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组上、下肢肌力评分高于对照组,肢体功能Hughes评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论mNGF联合IVIG对慢性GBS的临床效果优于单纯使用IVIG治疗,二者联合治疗可有效抑制相关促炎因子的表达,明显改善患者肌力和肢体功能。

RhD阴性孕产妇与HDFN发生的相关性及影响因素分析

目的 通过对RhD阴性孕产妇腹中胎儿和分娩的新生儿发生胎儿新生儿溶血病(hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn,HDFN)的相关指标对比分析,为预防和治疗HDFN提供参考和指导。方法 收集我院2018年1月—2022年12月分娩的RhD阴性孕产妇737名,比较新生儿是否发生RhD血型不合、ABO血型不合导致的HDFN及其影响因素,发生RhD-HDFN和发生ABO-HDFN的相关影响因素。分析发生RhD-HDFN和发生ABO-HDFN患儿的实验室指标差异;分析IgG抗-D效价≤16和≥32的孕产妇分娩的新生儿发生RhD-HDFN的实验室指标差异。结果 737名RhD阴性孕产妇中,发生RhD-HDFN的母婴ABO血型相同或相容者比率88.89%(40/45)显著高于母婴ABO血型不相容者11.11%(5/45)。母体二次妊娠及以上发生RhD-HDFN比率93.33%(42/45)显著高于ABO-HDFN 60.66%(37/61)者。母体IgG抗-D效价≥32者分娩的新生儿血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)最低值低于母体IgG抗-D效价≤16者(χ^(2)=5.61,P<0.05),母体IgG抗-D效价≥32者分娩的新生儿血清总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBil)峰值高于IgG抗-D效价≤16者(χ^(2)=4.471,P<0.05)。结论 RhD阴性孕产妇中,母婴ABO血型相同或相容及孕产次≥2者,相应新生儿更易发生RhD-HDFN,母体IgG抗-D效价≥32者发生新生儿溶血的严重程度显著高于抗-D效价≤16者。

自身免疫性肝炎临床误诊分析

目的探讨自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)的诊治措施及误诊原因、防范措施。方法回顾性分析2020年1月—2022年5月收治的AIH误诊为病毒性肝炎21例的临床资料。结果21例主要症状为食欲缺乏、乏力、黄疸、发热,伴腹胀12例,恶心5例,胸闷和胸痛4例,呕吐及关节痛各3例。体形消瘦,巩膜及皮肤黏膜黄染明显。查血丙氨酸转氨酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶升高;7例γ-谷氨酰转肽酶升高,碱性磷酸酶和总胆红素升高各6例。腹部B超检查示肝大18例,肝内回声不均。初期外院诊断为病毒性肝炎,予相应治疗15 d无好转,遂转我院。查血抗平滑肌抗体(SMA)、抗核抗体(ANA)阳性,血γ-球蛋白、IgG升高,结合肝炎病毒血清学检测阴性及相关病史,遂明确诊断为AIH。误诊时间18~21 d。确诊后,18例予泼尼松单独治疗,3例予泼尼松联合硫唑嘌呤治疗。治疗1年后随访,患者病情稳定,无复发。结论AIH发病较隐匿,以年轻女性高发,临床表现多样且无特异性,易误诊为病毒性肝炎,行肝炎病毒血清学检查及ANA、SMA、抗肝肾微粒体、免疫球蛋白或肝组织病理检查可区分二者,确诊后应及时予有效治疗,以改善患者预后。

清瘟败毒饮加减对小儿川崎病(气血两燔证)的临床改善及对患儿血清炎症和免疫功能的影响

目的观察清瘟败毒饮加减联合丙种球蛋白治疗小儿川崎病(气血两燔证)的临床疗效及其对患儿血清炎症和免疫功能的影响。方法选择2020年1月—2023年12月于医院心内科治疗的220例小儿川崎病患儿并随机分为两组,每组110例,其中对照组患儿予以阿司匹林联合丙球蛋白治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合清瘟败毒饮加减治疗。比较两组患儿的临床疗效、症状消失时间,以及治疗前后血清炎症因子水平、免疫功能、心功能变化。结果对照组患儿的有效率为90.91%(100/110),观察组患儿的有效率为98.18%(108/110),与对照组比较,观察组的有效率显著升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组患儿的发热等典型临床症状消失时间明显缩短(P<0.01)。干预完成后,观察组患儿白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)等血清炎症因子水平相较于对照组均明显降低(P<0.01)。干预前两组患儿的免疫功能指标水平无明显差异(P>0.05);干预完成后,观察组患儿CD_(4)^(+)和CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平相较于对照组明显升高,而CD_(8)^(+)水平明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);CD_(3)^(+)水平有上调趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预前两组患儿的心功能无明显差异(P>0.05);干预完成后,观察组患儿血清中心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(Heart-type fatty acid binding protein,h-FABP)及B型钠尿肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平相较于对照组均明显下降(P<0.01)。干预过程中所有患儿的主要不良反应有恶心呕吐、食欲不振、腹痛腹泻等,症状轻微,两组患儿的不良反应发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论清瘟败毒饮加减联合丙球蛋白治疗小儿川崎病干预效果较好,对改善患儿临床症状、抑制炎症反应、保护心脏功能、调节免疫功能、不良反应有较好干预效果。

遵义市2021—2023年性早熟女童的昼夜自发性促性腺激素水平检测

目的探讨与分析2021—2023年遵义市性早熟女童的昼夜自发性促性腺激素水平检测价值。方法选择2021年9月—2023年3月在遵义市妇幼保健院诊治的78例性早熟女童作为性早熟组,同期选择在遵义市妇幼保健院进行体检的78名健康女童作为健康组。检测两组昼夜自发性促性腺激素水平、25-羟维生素D、性激素结合球蛋白含量,同时判定所有女童的卵泡生长状况。结果性早熟组子宫长径、卵巢容积、总卵泡数、最大卵泡直径都显著高于健康组(P<0.05)。性早熟组夜间自发血、日间自发血的血清促黄体生成素、促卵泡生成素含量都显著高于健康组(P<0.05)。性早熟组空腹血清25-羟维生素D、性激素结合球蛋白含量都低于健康组(P<0.05)。在78例性早熟女童中,Spearman分析显示夜间自发血、日间自发血的血清促黄体生成素、促卵泡生成素含量、子宫长径、卵巢容积、总卵泡数、最大卵泡直径、25-羟维生素D、性激素结合球蛋白与女童性早熟存在相关性(r=0.744、0.699、0.714、0.766、0.794、0.636、0.715、0.677、-0.688、-0.714,P<0.05)。结论2021—2023年遵义市性早熟女童多表现为子宫长径、卵巢容积、总卵泡数、最大卵泡直径增加,也伴随有昼夜自发性促性腺激素水平升高与血清25-羟维生素D、性激素结合球蛋白含量降低,对性早熟女童的昼夜自发性促性腺激素水平检测具有重要的临床价值。

血清白蛋白与球蛋白比值对发热患儿川崎病发病风险的预测价值

目的探讨发热患儿的血清白蛋白与球蛋白比值(A/G)对预测川崎病(KD)发病风险的价值。方法采用单中心回顾性队列设计,基于某三甲医院大数据平台,收集432例0~16岁发热患儿的临床与实验室检查数据,根据其血清A/G的四分位数及中位数将其分为4组,分析A/G与发热患儿KD发病的相关性。结果432例发热患儿KD的总发病率为14.4%(62/432)。A/G与KD的发病呈负相关,每增加0.1的A/G,KD的发病风险降低18%(OR=0.82,95%CI 0.76~0.88,P<0.001)。亚组分析显示,不同年龄、性别及生化指标的患儿,A/G与KD发病之间的负相关趋势均一致。结论A/G可能是预测发热患儿KD发病的有效生物学标志物。随着A/G的上升,KD的发病风险逐渐降低。这一发现对KD的早期诊断和风险评估具有潜在的临床应用价值。