Efficacy of chemotherapy containing bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer according to programmed cell death ligand 1

BACKGROUND Bevacizumab,an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)monoclonal antibody,inhibits angiogenesis and reduces tumor growth.Serum VEGF-C,lactate dehydrogenase,and inflammatory markers have been reported as predictive markers related to bevacizumab treatment.Programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)could act upon VEGF receptor 2 to induce cancer cell angiogenesis and metastasis.AIM To investigate the efficacy of bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(CRC)according to the expression of PD-L1.METHODS This analysis included CRC patients who received bevacizumab plus FOLFOX or FOLFIRI as first-line therapy between June 24,2014 and February 28,2022,at Samsung Medical Center(Seoul,South Korea).Analysis of patient data included evaluation of PD-L1 expression by the combined positive score(CPS).We analyzed the efficacy of bevacizumab according to PD-L1 expression status in patients with CRC.RESULTS A total of 124 patients was included in this analysis.Almost all patients were treated with bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI or FOLFOX as the first-line chemotherapy.While 77%of patients received FOLFOX,23%received FOLFIRI as backbone first-line chemotherapy.The numbers of patients with a PD-L1 CPS of 1 or more,5 or more,or 10 or more were 105(85%),64(52%),and 32(26%),respectively.The results showed no significant difference in progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)with bevacizumab treatment between patients with PDL1 CPS less than 1 and those with PD-L1 CPS of 1 or more(PD-L1<1%vs PD-L1≥1%;PFS:P=0.93,OS:P=0.33),between patients with PD-L1 CPS less than 5 and of 5 or more(PD-L1<5%vs PD-L1≥5%;PFS:P=0.409,OS:P=0.746),and between patients with PD-L1 CPS less than 10 and of 10 or more(PD-L1<10%vs PD-L1≥10%;PFS:P=0.529,OS:P=0.568).CONCLUSION Chemotherapy containing bevacizumab can be considered as first-line therapy in metastatic CRC irrespective of PD-L1 expression.

Post-operative morbidity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection for gallbladder cancer: A national surgical quality improvement program analysis

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract.Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)has improved overall survival by enabling R0 resection.Currently,there is no consensus of guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy in gallbladder cancer.As investigations continue to analyze the regimen and benefit of NACT for ongoing care of gallbladder cancer patients,we examined American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(NSQIP)database to determine if there was higher morbidity among the neo-adjuvant group within the 30-day post-operative period.We hypothesized patients who underwent NACT were more likely to have higher post-operative morbidity.AIM To investigate the 30-day post-operative morbidity outcomes between patients who received NACT and underwent surgery and patients who only had surgery.METHODS A retrospective analysis of the targeted hepatectomy NSQIP data between 2015 and 2019 was performed to determine if NACT in gallbladder cancer increased the risk for post-operative morbidity(bile leak,infection rate,rate of converting to open surgery,etc.)compared to the group who only had surgery.To calculate the odds ratio for the primary and secondary outcomes,a crude logistic regression was performed.RESULTS Of the 452 patients,52 patients received NACT prior to surgery.There were no statistically significant differences in the odds of morbidity between the two groups,including bile leak[odds ratio(OR),0.69;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.16-2.10;P=0.55],superficial wound infection(OR,0.58;95%CI:0.03-3.02;P=0.61),and organ space wound infection(OR,0.63;95%CI:0.18-1.63;P=0.61).CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in the risk of 30-day post-operative morbidity between the NACT and surgery group and the surgery only group.

Effectiveness and tolerability of programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy for upper gastrointestinal tract cancers

BACKGROUND The combination of programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)inhibitor and che-motherapy is approved as a standard first-or second-line treatment in patients with advanced oesophageal or gastric cancer.However,it is unclear whether this combination is superior to chemotherapy alone.AIM To assess the comparative effectiveness and tolerability of combining PD-1 inhibitors with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced gastric cancer,gastroesophageal junction(GEJ)cancer,or oesophageal carcinoma.METHODS We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies that compared the efficacy and tolerance of PD-1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced oesophageal or gastric cancer.We employed either random or fixed models to analyze the outcomes of each clinical trial,en-compassing data on overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),objective response rate,and adverse events(AEs).RESULTS Nine phase 3 clinical trials(7016 advanced oesophageal and gastric cancer patients)met the inclusion criteria.Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the pooled PD-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy group had a significantly longer OS than the chemotherapy-alone group[hazard ratio(HR)=0.76,95%confidence interval(CI):0.71-0.81];the pooled PFS result was consistent with that of OS(HR=0.67,95%CI:0.61-0.74).The count of patients achieving an objective response in the PD-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy group surpassed that of the chemotherapy-alone group[odds ratio(OR)=1.86,95%CI:1.59-2.18].AE incidence was also higher in the combination-therapy group than in the chemotherapy-alone group,regardless of whether≥grade 3 only(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.07-1.57)or all AE grades(OR=1.88,95%CI:1.39-2.54)were examined.We performed a subgroup analysis based on the programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)combined positive score(CPS)and noted extended OS and PFS durations within the CPS≥1,CPS≥5,and CPS≥10 subgroups of the PD-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy group.CONCLUSION In contrast to chemotherapy alone,the combination of PD-1 inhibitor and chemotherapy appears to present a more favorable option for initial or subsequent treatment in patients with gastric cancer,GEJ tumor,or oesophageal cancer.This holds true particularly for individuals with PD-L1 CPS scores of≥5 and≥10.

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with anti-angiogenesis agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)has been proven to be an ideal choice for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(uHCC).HAIC-based treatment showed great potential for treating uHCC.However,large-scale studies on HAIC-based treatments and meta-analyses of first-line treatments for uHCC are lacking.AIM To investigate better first-line treatment options for uHCC and to assess the safety and efficacy of HAIC combined with angiogenesis inhibitors,programmed cell death of protein 1(PD-1)and its ligand(PD-L1)blockers(triple therapy)under real-world conditions.METHODS Several electronic databases were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials for this meta-analysis.Study-level pooled analyses of hazard ratios(HRs)and odds ratios(ORs)were performed.This was a retrospective single-center study involving 442 patients with uHCC who received triple therapy or angiogenesis inhibitors plus PD-1/PD-L1 blockades(AIPB)at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 2018 to April 2023.Propensity score matching(PSM)was performed to balance the bias between the groups.The Kaplan-Meier method and cox regression were used to analyse the survival data,and the log-rank test was used to compare the suvival time between the groups.RESULTS A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included.HAIC alone and in combination with sorafenib were found to be effective treatments(P values for ORs:HAIC,0.95;for HRs:HAIC+sorafenib,0.04).After PSM,176 HCC patients were included in the analysis.The triple therapy group(n=88)had a longer median overall survival than the AIPB group(n=88)(31.6 months vs 14.6 months,P<0.001)and a greater incidence of adverse events(94.3%vs 75.4%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that HAIC-based treatments are likely to be the best choice for uHCC.Our findings confirm that triple therapy is more effective for uHCC patients than AIPB.

Spatiotemporal transformable nano-assembly for on-demand drug delivery to enhance anti-tumor immunotherapy

Induction of tumor cell senescence has become a promising strategy for anti-tumor immunotherapy,but fibrotic matrix severely blocks senescence inducers penetration and immune cells infiltration.Herein,we designed a cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)triggered structure-transformable nano-assembly(HSD-P@V),which can directionally deliver valsartan(Val,CAFs regulator)and doxorubicin(DOX,senescence inducer)to the specific targets.In detail,DOX is conjugated with hyaluronic acid(HA)via diselenide bonds(Se-Se)to form HSD micelles,while CAFs-sensitive peptide is grafted onto the HSD to form a hydrophilic polymer,which is coated on Val nanocrystals(VNs)surface for improving the stability and achieving responsive release.Once arriving at tumor microenvironment and touching CAFs,HSD-P@V disintegrates into VNs and HSD micelles due to sensitive peptide detachment.VNs can degrade the extracellularmatrix,leading to the enhanced penetration of HSD.HSD targets tumor cells,releases DOX to induce senescence,and recruits effector immune cells.Furthermore,senescent cells are cleared by the recruited immune cells to finish the integrated anti-tumor therapy.In vitro and in vivo results show that the nanoassembly remarkably inhibits tumor growth as well as lungmetastasis,and extends tumorbearing mice survival.This work provides a promising paradigm of programmed delivering multi-site nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy.

Camrelizumab,apatinib and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy combined with microwave ablation for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and camrelizumab plus apatinib(TRIPLET protocol)is promising for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(Ad-HCC).However,the usefulness of microwave ablation(MWA)after TRIPLET is still controversial.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of TRIPLET alone(T-A)vs TRIPLET-MWA(TM)for Ad-HCC.METHODS From January 2018 to March 2022,217 Ad-HCC patients were retrospectively enrolled.Among them,122 were included in the T-A group,and 95 were included in the T-M group.A propensity score matching(PSM)was applied to balance bias.Overall survival(OS)was compared using the Kaplan-Meier curve with the log-rank test.The overall objective response rate(ORR)and major complications were also assessed.RESULTS After PSM,82 patients were included both the T-A group and the T-M group.The ORR(85.4%)in the T-M group was significantly higher than that(65.9%)in the T-A group(P<0.001).The cumulative 1-,2-,and 3-year OS rates were 98.7%,93.4%,and 82.0%in the T-M group and 85.1%,63.1%,and 55.0%in the T-A group(hazard ratio=0.22;95%confidence interval:0.10-0.49;P<0.001).The incidence of major complications was 4.9%(6/122)in the T-A group and 5.3%(5/95)in the T-M group,which were not significantly different(P=1.000).CONCLUSION T-M can provide better survival outcomes and comparable safety for Ad-HCC than T-A.

PD-1 antibody in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of SMARCA4-deficient advanced undifferentiated carcinoma of the duodenum:Two case reports

BACKGROUND SMARCA4 is a component of chromatin remodeling of SWItch/sucrose-nonfermenting(SWI/SNF)complexes and plays an essential role in oncogenesis.SMARCA4-deficient malignancies arising from the gastrointestinal tract are rare and have a poor prognosis.There is no standard treatment for advanced and undifferentiated SMARCA4-deficient duodenal malignancies.Programmed death 1(PD-1)antibodies,known as immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies,potentially play a role in treating gastrointestinal tract malignancies.CASE SUMMARY We present two patients with SMARCA4 deficiency and TP53 gene mutation in advanced undifferentiated carcinomas of the duodenum.For both patients,SMARCA4 deficiency was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for the BRG1 protein,while TP53 gene mutations were observed via next-generation sequencing.Both patients were administered chemotherapy in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody.The two patients exhibited completely different responses to treatment and had different prognoses.Case 1 experienced rapid progression after PD-1 infusion and chemotherapy,case 2 experienced a remarkable response after treatment,and the progression-free survival was more than 6 months.CONCLUSION This study described our clinical and pathological observations of SMARCA4-deficient advanced undifferentiated carcinoma of the duodenum.PD-1 combined with chemotherapy showed a certain efficacy in select patients,providing options for treating these highly malignant tumors.Patients with liver metastases had a worse prognosis than did those with only lymph node metastasis.

Effects of different chemotherapy regimens before radical operation for lung cancer on cancer cell growth and anti-tumor immune response

Objective:To investigate the effects of different chemotherapy regimens before radical operation for lung cancer on cancer cell growth and antitumor immune response.Methods: A total of 180 patients with primary lung cancer who underwent surgery in this hospital between February 2013 and August 2017 were divided into the cisplatin group (n=93) who received cisplatin & paclitaxel chemotherapy and the lobaplatin group (n=87) who received lobaplatin & paclitaxel chemotherapy according to different preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens. The differences among the expression of proliferation genes and apoptosis genes in tumor tissues as well as the contents of Th1/Th2 cytokines in serum were compared between the two groups.Results: Proliferation genes DDX17, GPx1, MACC1, RACK1 and SIRT1 mRNA expression levels in tumor tissue of lobaplatin group were lower than those of cisplatin group whereas LRRC3B mRNA expression level was higher than that of cisplatin group;apoptosis gene Fas, FasL and Caspase-3 mRNA expression levels were higher than those of cisplatin group whereas Survivin and Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels were lower than those of cisplatin group;serum Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12 contents were higher than those of cisplatin group whereas Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-10 contents were lower than those of cisplatin group.Conclusion: Lobaplatin chemotherapy before radical operation for lung cancer is more effective than cisplatin chemotherapy to inhibit the proliferation activity and enhance the apoptosis activity of lung cancer cells and optimize the anti-tumor immune response.

Effect of negative emotion on tumor load and anti-tumor immune response in bladder cancer infusion chemotherapyn

Objective: To study the effect of negative emotion on tumor load and anti-tumor immune response in bladder cancer infusion chemotherapy. Methods: Patients with advanced bladder cancer who received bladder infusion chemotherapy in the First People's Hospital of Ziyang between May 2014 and December 2016 were selected and divided into the control group without negative emotions, the anxiety group with anxiety, the depression group with depression and the anxiety depression group with both anxiety and depression according to the assessment results of HAMA scale and HAMD scale. The contents of tumor markers in serum, the contents of immune cells in peripheral blood and the expression of apoptosis genes in urine were detected during chemotherapy. Results: DKK-1, DKK-3, OPN and CYFRA21-1 contents in serum as well as PD-1+CD4+T cell, PD-1+CD8+T cell and B7-H1+CD11c+DC cell contents in peripheral blood of anxiety group, depression group and anxiety depression group were significantly higher than those of control group while DAP2IP, Fas, FasL, Caspase-8 and PTEN protein expression in urine were significantly lower than those of control group, and DKK-1, DKK-3, OPN and CYFRA21-1 contents in serum as well as PD-1+CD4+T cell, PD-1+CD8+T cell and B7-H1+CD11c+DC cell contents in peripheral blood of anxiety depression group were significantly higher than those of anxiety group and depression group while DAP2IP, Fas, FasL, Caspase-8 and PTEN protein expression in urine were significantly lower than those of anxiety group and depression group. Conclusion: The anxiety and depression in bladder cancer infusion chemotherapy can suppress the expression of apoptosis genes and the anti-tumor immune response to lead to more vigorous proliferation of cancer cells.

Immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with advanced cervical cancer:A case report

BACKGROUND Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS)is a rare autosomal dominant disorder,and female patients may develop gynecologic tumours.The prognosis for such patients is poor and the specific pathogenesis remains uncertain.Therefore,there are currently no uniform treatment options.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we introduce the case of a 45-year-old female who was diagnosed with PJS for 45 years and cervical cancer for 3 years.Postoperative pathological examination showed metastases in the right external iliac lymph nodes.The patient was initially treated with a combination of doxorubicin and carboplatin chemotherapy and pelvic magnetic resonance showed that the metastases had grown.Subsequently,we performed whole exome sequencing in this patient and identified the relevant causative gene.In addition to the chemotherapy regimen,sindilizumab was administered and the patient was followed up.After 4 cycles of treatment,the metastases were substantially reduced and were not enlarged after six months of follow-up.This case report suggests that patients with PJS combined with cervical cancer may have a sustained response to immunecombination chemotherapy regimens.CONCLUSION Clinicians should be aware of the importance of immunotherapy in patients with PJS combined with advanced cervical cancer.

PD-1抑制剂联合安罗替尼治疗二线化疗失败的老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的效果

目的 探究程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)抑制剂联合安罗替尼治疗二线化疗失败的老年晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效。方法 选取2019年1月—2021年4月泰州市第二人民医院收治的106例二线化疗失败的老年晚期NSCLC患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为单药组和联合组,各53例。单药组采用安罗替尼治疗,联合组采用PD-1抑制剂联合安罗替尼治疗。比较两组的疾病控制率、毒副反应发生情况、生存率、肿瘤标志物[细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)]、血管新生指标[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)-A、VEGF受体2(VEGFR2)]、血清驱动蛋白超家族蛋白(KIF)C1、N-钙黏蛋白、生活质量核心量表(QLQ-C30)评分。结果 联合组疾病控制率高于单药组(P<0.05);治疗2个周期后,联合组血清CYFRA21-1、CA125、CEA、VEGF-A、VEGFR2、KIFC1及N-钙黏蛋白水平均低于单药组(P<0.05),QLQ-C30评分低于单药组(P<0.05);两组各毒副反应总发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,联合组累积生存率高于单药组(P<0.05)。结论 PD-1抑制剂联合安罗替尼治疗二线化疗失败的老年晚期NSCLC效果显著,可有效调节血清KIFC1、N-钙黏蛋白表达,抑制VEGF-A、VEGFR2水平,降低肿瘤标志物水平,提高生活质量,延长生存时间,安全性高。

程序性死亡配体1在儿童急性髓系白血病中的表达及对耐药的影响

目的研究程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)在儿童初治急性髓系白血病(AML)中的表达及对白血病细胞耐药的影响。方法收集2020年1月至2021年1月郑州大学附属儿童医院血液肿瘤科收治的初诊40例AML病儿骨髓标本,收集同期进行骨髓检查正常病儿的骨髓标本18例作为正常对照组,比较两组骨髓中PD-L1的表达量,并分析初治AML病儿PD-L1的表达量与其临床特征之间的关系;慢病毒构建PD-L1过表达、干扰PD-L1表达的AML细胞,细胞活力检测试剂盒(CCK8)检测细胞增殖能力,并计算细胞对柔红霉素的药物敏感性;凋亡实验检测经柔红霉素诱导的细胞凋亡水平。结果与正常对照组0.887±0.064相比,初治儿童AML病儿骨髓单个核细胞PD-L1的表达量2.927±0.271显著增高(t=7.34,P<0.001);根据一个疗程诱导化疗是否达完全缓解(CR),将初治AML病儿一个疗程达CR者定义为CR组,将未达CR者定义为NR组,相较于CR组的2.346±0.190,NR组PD-L1基因的表达量5.249±0.662显著增高(t=4.22,P=0.003);病儿不同发病年龄,性别,法、美、英(FAB)分型,白细胞计数,预后分层间PD-L1基因相对表达量比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而1个疗程诱导化疗是否达CR与PD-L1基因相对表达量差异有统计学意义(P=0.018);过表达PD-L1的Molm-13细胞对柔红霉素具有更高的IC50值,更低的凋亡率;干扰PD-L1表达的THP1细胞对柔红霉素具有更低的IC50值,更高的凋亡率。结论PD-L1在初治AML病儿中表达增高,且PD-L1的高表达与1个疗程诱导治疗是否达CR显著相关;PD-L1可以促进AML细胞增殖、抑制凋亡,从而导致化疗耐药。

PD-1抑制剂联合一线化疗方案对晚期驱动基因阴性肺腺癌的效果及安全性分析

目的探讨程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1(PD-1)抑制剂联合一线化疗方案治疗晚期驱动基因阴性肺腺癌的效果及安全性。方法回顾性收集2019年1月至2021年12月收治的60例晚期驱动基因阴性的肺腺癌患者病历资料,依据治疗方式不同分组,将30例接受培美曲塞、顺铂联合PD-1抑制剂(信迪利单抗)治疗的病历资料纳入观察组另30例接受培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗的病历资料纳入对照组。对比2组患者治疗前、治疗30 d时2组临床疗效[客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)]、免疫功能[CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(8)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)]、肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)]、不良反应[恶心、粒细胞减少、肝功能异常、甲状腺功能异常、肺炎、皮疹、血小板降低]。结果观察组ORR显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组DCR比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平高于治疗前,且高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,2组CYFRA21-1、CEA水平均下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组甲状腺功能异常、肺炎、皮疹等发生例数显著多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PD-1抑制剂联合化疗一线治疗可有效改善晚期驱动基因阴性肺腺癌患者免疫功能,并降低肿瘤标志物水平,疗效确切。

PD-1抑制剂联合化疗一线治疗HER2阴性晚期胃或胃食管交界部癌的Meta分析

目的评价程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)抑制剂联合化疗一线治疗人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)阴性晚期胃或胃食管交界部癌(G/GEJC)的有效性及安全性。方法检索中国知网、万方、Pubmed、Cochrane、Embase、Web of Science、Clinical Trials.gov等数据库和中国抗癌协会、韩国临床肿瘤学会、日本临床肿瘤学会等会议摘要中有关PD-1抑制剂联合化疗一线治疗HER2阴性晚期G/GEJC患者的临床随机对照试验(RCT),筛选文献,提取资料,采用R 4.3.1进行Meta分析。结果纳入5篇RCT共5297例HER2阴性晚期G/GEJC的成年患者。PD-1抑制剂联合化疗一线治疗可延长患者的总生存期(OS)(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.74~0.85,P<0.001)及无进展生存期(PFS)(HR=0.74,95%CI:0.69~0.80,P<0.001),并提高客观有效率(ORR)(RR=1.23,95%CI:1.15~1.31,P<0.001)。亚组分析结果显示:在综合阳性分数(CPS)≥1、CPS≥5、CPS≥10的患者中,PD-1抑制剂联合化疗一线治疗方案的OS、PFS、ORR均获益,且程序性死亡配体1表达程度越高,疗效获益均更佳。此外,微卫星高度不稳定性(MSI-H)的患者PD-1抑制剂联合化疗一线治疗方案延长OS更为显著(HR=0.35,95%CI:0.21~0.59,P<0.001)。与化疗组相比,PD-1抑制剂联合化疗一线治疗方案未增加治疗相关不良反应的发生率(P>0.05)。结论PD-1抑制剂联合化疗一线治疗HER2阴性晚期G/GEJC的疗效优于化疗,且高CPS或MSI-H患者获益更大,具有良好的安全性。

乳腺癌患者化疗相关不良反应可视化评估管理程序的研发及可用性评价

目的 研发基于知识和数据可视化的乳腺癌患者化疗相关不良反应评估管理程序,并评价其可用性。方法 组建多学科研发团队,采用专家工作组法构建乳腺癌患者化疗相关不良反应可视化评估管理程序研发框架,基于敏捷软件开发原则研发可视化评估管理程序,选取13例乳腺癌患者基于眼动追踪技术进行可用性评价。结果 基于研发框架研发了乳腺癌患者化疗相关不良反应可视化评估管理程序,基于眼动追踪技术发现可用性问题5项并进行了程序优化,系统可用性量表平均得分为(76.35±13.17)分。结论 研发的乳腺癌化疗患者不良反应可视化评估及管理程序可用性良好,适用于乳腺癌患者不良反应的评估及管理。

FOLFOX-肝动脉灌注化疗联合程序性死亡受体-1抑制剂和靶向药物治疗中国肝癌分期Ⅲa期肝细胞癌

目的观察FOLFOX-肝动脉灌注化疗(HAIC)联合程序性死亡受体-1(PD-1)抑制剂和靶向药物治疗中国肝癌分期(CNLC)Ⅲa期肝细胞癌(HCC)的价值。方法回顾性分析61例接受PD-1抑制剂+靶向药物治疗的CNLCⅢa期HCC患者,根据是否接受联合FOLFOX-HAIC治疗将其归入观察组(n=30)及对照组(n=31);比较组间一般资料、治疗方案、不良反应及疗效,分析观察组方案的治疗价值。结果组间患者一般资料及PD-1抑制剂+靶向药物方案差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);1~2级不良反应中,观察组恶心、呕吐及腹痛发生率均高于对照组(P均<0.05),而其余1~2级及3级不良反应组间发生率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。观察组客观缓解率(ORR)、无进展生存期(PFS)及总生存期(OS)均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论FOLFOX-HAIC联合PD-1抑制剂+靶向药物治疗CNLCⅢa期HCC疗效较佳而安全性尚可。

化疗及化疗联合免疫方案治疗小细胞肺癌的成本-效果分析

目的运用成本-效果分析评价化疗(依托泊苷联合卡铂/顺铂)、化疗联合程序性细胞死亡受体配体1(PD-L1,阿替利珠单抗/度伐利尤单抗)和化疗联合程序性细胞死亡受体1(PD-1,斯鲁利单抗)3种方案治疗小细胞肺癌的经济性。方法回顾性分析山东省立医院2020年1月—2023年4月收治的94例小细胞肺癌患者的病历资料,根据不同治疗方案分为3组,评估3组患者治疗4个周期后的临床疗效,记录不良反应,并进行成本-效果分析。结果3组客观缓解率分别为:化疗组56.25%,化疗联合PD-L1组63.33%,化疗联合PD-1组62.50%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组之间白细胞减少、血小板减少、肝功异常不良反应发生情况无显著差异(P>0.05),胃肠道不良反应发生率分别为:化疗组41.66%,化疗联合PD-L1组40.00%,化疗联合PD-1组6.25%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以客观缓解率为临床疗效指标,3组治疗方案的成本-效果比分别为480.88、2026.80和1001.47;以化疗组为参照,化疗联合PD-L1组和化疗联合PD-1组的增量成本-效果比分别是14309.06和5686.81。敏感度分析与成本-效果分析的结论一致。结论广泛期小细胞肺癌的一线治疗中,单独化疗与联合免疫方案相比,ORR相似,化疗组的成本-效果比最优。

程序化健康教育在乳腺癌化疗患者完全植入式静脉输液港护理中的应用

目的:探讨程序化健康教育在乳腺癌化疗患者完全植入式静脉输液港(TIVAP)护理中的应用效果。方法:纳入110例TIVAP乳腺癌化疗患者作为研究对象,按照健康教育方式的不同将患者分为两组:将予以常规健康教育的患者作为对照组(n=55);将予以程序化健康教育的患者作为观察组(n=55)。两组均干预6个月,比较两组TIVAP护理知识水平(科室自制TIVAP护理知识水平问卷)、自我管理能力(科室自制TIVAP乳腺癌患者自我管理能力量表)、导管相关并发症情况及生活质量[乳腺癌患者生活质量量表(FACT-B)]。结果:干预后,两组TIVAP护理知识水平问卷评分均上升(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组TIVAP乳腺癌患者自我管理能力量表评分均上升(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);相较于对照组的23.64%,观察组并发症总发生率更低(9.10%)(P<0.05);两组FACT-B评分总分及各维度评分均上升(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对乳腺癌患者TIVAP护理予以程序化健康教育可提高患者导管护理相关知识水平及自我管理能力,减少导管相关并发症发生,提高患者生活质量。

程序性细胞死亡配体1、泛免疫炎症值、血小板与淋巴细胞比值和肠道菌群构成与晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗联合免疫治疗获益及毒副反应的关系

目的探讨程序性细胞死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)、泛免疫炎症值(panimmune inflammatory value,PIV)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(platelet lymphocyte ratio,PLR)和肠道菌群构成与晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗联合免疫治疗获益及毒副反应的关系。方法选取2021年1月至2023年1月在河北中石油中心医院接受治疗的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者112例,所有患者均给予化疗联合免疫治疗。分析治疗有效组和治疗无效组、毒副反应Ⅰ~Ⅱ级组和毒副反应Ⅲ~Ⅳ级组患者治疗前后PD-L1、PIV、PLR和肠道菌群构成差异。结果69例患者治疗有效,治疗有效率为61.61%。毒副反应达到Ⅲ~Ⅳ级患者38例,毒副反应达到Ⅰ~Ⅱ级患者74例。治疗有效组患者治疗后1个月PD-L1、PIV、PLR、肠球菌及大肠埃希菌含量均显著低于治疗无效组(均P<0.05),而双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌含量均显著高于治疗无效组(均P<0.05)。毒副反应Ⅲ~Ⅳ级组患者美国东部肿瘤协作组评分2分比例、TNM分期Ⅳ期比例分别为58.14%和46.51%,均显著高于毒副反应Ⅰ~Ⅱ级组(均P<0.05)。毒副反应Ⅰ~Ⅱ级组患者治疗后1个月PD-L1、PIV、PLR均显著高于毒副反应Ⅰ~Ⅱ级组(均P<0.05),而双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌含量均显著低于毒副反应Ⅰ~Ⅱ级组(均P<0.05)。结论在化疗联合免疫治疗有效的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者中,治疗后PD-L1、PIV和PLR显著降低,肠道菌群明显改善,同时在毒副反应Ⅰ~Ⅱ级患者中存在相同现象。

PD-1抑制剂联合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效

目的探讨程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)抑制剂联合化疗在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的应用效果及对生存期的影响。方法选取2020年1月至2022年1月在东台市人民医院治疗的晚期NSCLC患者120例,详细告知治疗方案后遵从患者选择,分为观察组(n=60)和对照组(n=60),选择常规化疗为对照组(n=60),选择常规化疗加PD-1抑制剂为观察组(n=60),观察两组近期疗效、肿瘤标志物、T细胞亚群及不良反应,同时分析两组无进展生存时间差异。结果观察组客观缓解率(ORR)为48.33%,高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组和对照组疾病控制率(DCR)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组化疗后血清糖类抗原125(CA125)、细胞角蛋白19的可溶性片段(Cyfra21-1)、癌胚抗原(CEA)和糖类抗原199(CA199)分别为(98.87±21.44)U/mL、(3.40±1.03)μg/L、(8.89±1.64)μg/L和(94.46±21.17)U/mL,低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组化疗后CD3+、CD4+和CD8+分别为(59.40±9.18)%、(35.14±5.03)%和(26.04±5.09)%,高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组和对照组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组中位无进展生存时间为12个月(95%CI:10.60~13.40),长于对照组(P<0.05)。结论PD-1抑制剂联合化疗在非小细胞肺癌中有较好的治疗效果,可降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,对患者免疫功能影响小,可提高近期化疗效果,改善患者预后。