Immunological effect of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina and a known immune booster called immunace and their admixtures on HIV/AIDS clients:a comparative study

Objective:To investigate the immunological effect of Vernonia amygdalina(V.amygdalina) leaf extract and immunace on HIV infected patients taking highly active antiretrwiral therapy. Methods:Fresh V.amygdalina leaves were collected within Nsukka area in Enugu State.The leaves were rinsed with distilled water.Two handful of cleaned fresh leaves were soaked in 200 mL water and squeezed gently by hand to a mixture.Clients were divided into four groups and each group was given different combination.They took the medication for four weeks.The immune effect was tested against marketed immune booster in some retroviral clients.Results:The mean absolute CD4 count was increased in the client who took the extract or supplement.And the clients who took both the extract and supplement had a greater increase in the CD4 count.The increased CD4 was significant as compared with the control group(P<0.05).The skin rashes were also improved in the entire groups.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of V.amygdalina and immunace or both have immunological effect on HIV infected patients. Therefore,we suggest that the V.amygdalina extract or immunace or both could be used as adjuvant in the management of HIV/AIDS clients.

Activity Screening Study on the Anti-tumor Effects of Extracts from Mahoniae caulis

[Objectives]To explore the anti-tumor activity of the extracts of petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and aqueous solution from Mahoniae caulis.[Methods]The extracts were extracted with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and aqueous solution respectively,and then concentrated.The inhibitory effects of these extracts on the growth of three tumor cell lines in vitro were detected by CCK-8 method,and the IC 50 value was calculated.[Results]The four extracts inhibited the growth of the three tumor cell lines in vitro,among which the n-butanol extract had the best anti-tumor activity.The IC 50 values of the n-butanol extract on human gastric cancer(SGC-7901),human breast cancer(MCF-7)and human liver cancer(BEL-7404)cell lines were 0.23,0.25 and 0.58 mg/mL,respectively.[Conclusions]The ethanol extract of Mahoniae caulis under petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and aqueous solution had certain anti-tumor effect,and n-butanol extract had the best anti-tumor activity.

Anti-PD1 antibody and not anti-LAG-3 antibody improves the antitumor effect of photodynamic therapy for treating metastatic breast cancer

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has limited effects in treating metastatic breast cancer.Immune checkpoints can deplete the function of immune cells;however,the expression of immune checkpoints after PDT is unclear.This study investigates whether the limited e±cacy of PDT is due to upregulated immune checkpoints and tries to combine the PDT and immune checkpoint inhibitor to observe the e±cacy.A metastatic breast cancer model was treated by PDT mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives(HpD-PDT).The anti-tumor effect of HpD-PDT was observed,as well as CD4þT,CD8þT and calreticulin(CRT)by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.Immune checkpoints on T cells were analyzed byflow cytometry after HpD-PDT.When combining PDT with immune checkpoint inhibitors,the antitumor effect and immune effect were assessed.For HpD-PDT at 100 mW/cm2 and 40,60 and 80 J/cm2,primary tumors were suppressed and CD4þT,CD8þT and CRT were elevated;however,distant tumors couldn't be inhibited and survival could not be prolonged.Immune checkpoints on T cells,especially PD1 and LAG-3 after HpD-PDT,were upregulated,which may explain the reason for the limited HpD-PDT effect.After PDT combined with anti-PD1 antibody,but not with anti-LAG-3 antibody,both the primary and distant tumors were signi-cantly inhibited and the survival time was prolonged,additionally,CD4þT,CD8þT,IFN-þCD4þT and TNF-þCD4þT cells were signi-cantly increased compared with HpD-PDT.HpD-PDT could not combat metastatic breast cancer.PD1 and LAG-3 were upregulated after HpD-PDT.Anti-PD1 antibody,but not anti-LAG-3 antibody,could augment the antitumor effect of HpD-PDT for treating metastatic breast cancer.

A Comparative Study on the Hemato-Biochemical and Immunological Effects of the Hexavalent FMD Vaccine Alone or in Combination with Trivalent FMD Vaccine in Cattle

Foot and mouth disease is the most contagious disease of mammals and has a great potential for causing severe economic loss in susceptible cloven-hoofed animals. Routine prophylactic vaccination in Egypt from 2012 till now has been conducted with Trivalent and/or hexavalent vaccine of MERIAL, against virus strains (O manisa + O-3039 + A Iran 05 + A Saudi 95 + Asia 1 + Sat2). This study aimed to evaluate the hemato-biochemical and immunological changes associated with the use of hexavalent vaccine alone or in combination with trivalent FMD vaccine. This study was carried out on 24 cattle divided into three groups eight cattle each. Group I served as control. Group II were selected from farms vaccinated with hexavalent FMD vaccine. Group III were selected from farms vaccinated with a combination of trivalent and hexavalent FMD vaccine. The results showed that both vaccinated groups showed a significant increase in total leukocytic count. Sera from hexavalent-trivalent vaccinated cattle demonstrated a significant increase in serum cortisol concentrations. Significant increase in serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase was recorded in animals vaccinated with a combination of hexavalent and trivalent vaccine. In addition, both regimes resulted in a significant increase in serum blood urea nitrogen compared to control. Both regimes induced a significant increase in serum levels of ceruloplasmin while phagocytic activity of neutrophils and phagocytic index was enhanced only by the hexavalent vaccine. Both vaccinated groups had significantly increased serum values of gamma globulins. These results suggested that hexavalent vaccine produced higher levels of safety and protective effects against FMD in cattle as compared to those produced by a combination of hexavalent and trivalent vaccines. It is also advisable to include the hexavalent vaccine within the program of obligatory and imperative vaccination against FMD.

Inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A on the immunological rejection of rats with cerebral hemorrhage following transplantation of nerve growth factors transfected glial cells

BACKGROUND： At present, it has been confirmed that immunological rejection exists in the cell transplantation in brain tissue, the effects of immunosuppressant on the immunological rejection and the survival of grafts in brain cell transplantation are worthy being investigated further. OBJECTIVE： To observe the immunological rejection after transgeneic cell transplantation in treating cerebra hemorrhage in rats, and investigate the interventional effect of cyclosprin. DESIGN ： A randomized controlled study SETTINGS： Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medica University. MATERIALS： Thirty-five healthy clean-degree SD rats of 6-8 weeks old were used, weighing 200-250 g, either male or female; The FACSort flow cytometer （American BD Company） and NYD-1000 image analytical system were used, The rat-anti-rat CD4 monoclonal antibody, rat-anti-rat CD8 monoclonal antibody, and rat-anti-rat MHC Ⅱ antigen monoclonal antibody were purchased from Santa Cruz Company; SP and DAB kits were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Bio-engineering Company. XSP-8C2 light microscope was the product of Shanghai Zousun Optical Instrument, Co.,Ltd, and KYKY-3800B electron microscope was the product of China KYKY Technology Development Co.,Ltd. METHODS ： The experiments were carried out in the animal experimental center of Nanjing Medical University from April to July in 2003. ① Model establishment： The rats were anesthetized, and then the coordinates of left internal capsule were identified, and the needle was withdrawn after 120 μL blood was injected into the internal capsule. Adenoviruses were taken as the carriers, after the astrocytes were successfully transfected by nerve growth factor（NGF） gene, 0.2 mL cell suspension was injected into the sites of cerebral hemorrhage. Thirty successfully established rat models were randomly divided into cyclosporin A group （n=18） and control group, the rats were treated with intraperitoneal injection of cyclosporin A （10 mg/kg per day） intraperitoneal injection of saline of the same dosage from the 1^st day after transplantation, once a day for 7 days continuously.② CD4^＋ and CD4^＋ detection： The CD4^＋ and CD4^＋ T lymphocytes in caudal vein were counted with flow cytometer at 15 days after treatment. ③ Morphological observation in the transplanted sites： The rats were killed and then brain tissues were taken out, the transplanted sites and the structure of the normal brain tissue around the transplanted sites were observed with light and electron microscopes. ④Detections of the infiltration of T lymphocyte subsets and expression of major histocompatibility complex （MHC） Ⅱ antigen in the transplanted sites： The image analysis of immunohistochemical sections was performed with the image analytical system, and the integral optical density （IOD） was taken as the statistical value to observe the infiltration of T lymphocyte subsets and expression of MHC Ⅱ antigen in the transplanted sites, and the normal brain tissue around the transplanted sites were taken as controls. MATN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Countings of CD4^＋ and CD4^＋ in peripheral blood; ②Results of the morphological observation in the transplanted sites; ③ Infiltration of T lymphocyte subsets and expression of MHC Ⅱ antigen in the transplanted sites RESULTS ： Totally 35 rats were used, and 30 were successfully made into models, 5 died during the treatment, the other 25 were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of CD4^＋ and CD4^＋ T lymphocytes in pedpherel blood： The percentages of CD4^＋ and CD4^＋ T lymphocytes in the cyclosporin A group were （29.20±3.97）% and （20.65±2,02）%, respectively, which were obviously lower than those in the control group [（47,39±3,01）%, （28.30±2.36）%, t=-4.983, 4.012, P 〈 0.05], and the CDC/CD4^＋ ratio was obviously lower than that in the control group （1,41±0.86, 1,64^＋0.69, t=-3. 871, P〈 0.05）.② Morphological results in the transplanted sites： Under optical and electron microscopes, the survival region of the transplant was round, and it had an unobvious migration region with the normal brain tissues, the grafts had normal cellular form. Infiltrations of lymphocytes and monocytes were observed in both groups, and mainly located in the transplanted sites, and the expression of lymphocytes in the cyclosporin A group was markedly lower than that in the control group, and no above-mentioned changes were observed in the normal brain tissue around the transplanted sites. ③ Results of CD. and CD4^＋ T lymphocytes and expression of MHC Ⅱ antigen in the transplanted sites： The CD4^＋ and CD4^＋ T lymphocytes and expression of MHC Ⅱ antigen in the transplanted sites were observed in both groups. The IOD of CD4^＋ and CD4^＋ antigen positive cells in the cyclosporin A group were obviously lower than those in the control group （1.85±0.38, 1.44^＋0.33; 3.33±0.37, 2.648±0.56, /=-4.122, 4.434, P〈 0.05）, and the IOD of MHC Ⅱantigen positive cells was markedly lower than that in the control group （0.76±0.22, 0.94±0.24, t=3.885, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： There is immunological rejection in brain tissue after the transplantation of NSC transgeneic glial cells. ② The immunosuppressant of cyclosporin A can reduce the immunological rejection after the cell transplantation.

Radiation Effects on the Immunological Functions and Membranes of Alveolar Macrophages of Rats

Alveolar macrophages (AM) from BCG activated Wistar rat were irradiated with different doses of Gamma rays in vitro. The effects of radiation on their immunological functions and membrane damage were studied. The non-specific cytotoxicity and specific phagocytosis of AM irradiated with dose of 0, 100, 300 and 500 Gy decreased with the increase in dose. The relative fractions of Lactate Dehydrogenase and Beta-glucuronidase (β-glu) activity in supernatant increased with the increase in dose. There was a correlation between the suppression of immunological functions and the degree of damage of cytoplasmic and lysosomal membranes of AM after irradiation. Na2SeO3, a protective agent of cell membranes, alleviated this effect on the suppressive cytotoxicity indices of irradiated AM.

Anti-tumor Effects of a Recombinant Fowlpox Virus Expressing Apoptin on Human Cervical Carcinoma in Vivo and in Vitro

Apoptin is a chicken anemia virus-derived,p53-independent,bcl-2-insensitive apoptotic protein with the ability to specifically induce apoptosis of various human tumor cells,but not of normal diploid cells.To explore the application of apoptin in tumor gene therapy,we used a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing apoptin protein （vFV-Apoptin） to investigate the anti-tumor effectes of vFV-Apoptin on human cervical carcinoma（HeLa） cells in vivo and in vitro through 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay,acridine orage/ethidium bromide（AO/EB） and annexin V staining test,respectively.The results show that vFV-Apoptin inhibites the proliferation of HeLa cells in vitro through inducing the apoptosis of HeLa cells,and the inhibition effect of vFV-Apoptin has a dose-effect and time-effect relationship.The results of animal models show that vFV-Apoptin significantly inhibits tumor growth,extends the lifespan of animals and improves the mean survival.Experimental results indicate that vFV-Apoptin has a potential application in the tumor gene therapy.

Enhanced Anti-tumor Effect of an IFN-γ-EGF Fusion Protein

The novel fusion proteins harbering human or mouse interferon combined with epidermalgrowth factor receptor binding domain were constructed using methods of genetic and proteinengineering. The fusion proteins were assayed to retain complete antiviral activities. The EGFreceptor binding moiety of the fusion proteins exhibited competitive binding saainst 125 I-EGFfor EGF receptbrs on A431 cells. The fusion proteins were shown to be more potent in in-hibiting the growth of cultured target carcinoma cells than interferon-y alone. Experimentaldata derived from rnouse Bl6 malignant melanoma models indicates that the weight of tumorin mice treated with IFN fusion proteins was significantly smaller than that of mice treatedwith interferon-y alone. The work here is unprecedented in the world and provides a reliableevidence to supPOrt the upcoming clinical employment of a class of interferons that specificallytarget tumor cell

Valproic Acid Enhances the Anti-tumor Effect of(-)-gossypol to Burkitt Lymphoma Namalwa Cells

Burkitt lymphoma is a highly aggressive B-cell neoplasm. New therapeutic methods are needed to overcome the adverse effect of intensive chemotherapy regimens. Valproic acid and （-）-gossypol are two kinds of chemical compounds used as new anti-tumor drugs in recent years.

Anti-tumor Effect and Mechanism of SEA-Fab’ Coupled Protein on Gastric Tumor

Summary： The anti-tumor effect and mechanism of SEA-Fab＇ coupled protein on gastric tumor was studied. The target cell Walke-256 was treated with SEA-Fab＇ synthesized chemically or SEA respectively for 24 h, 36 h or 72 h. PBMC＋Walke-256 cells served as controls. The apoptotic index of SEA-Fab＇ against effector cells was detected. In the mouse gastric cancer models （n=60）, SEA-Fab＇, SEA and normal saline was injected in experimental group, SEA group and control group respectively. The occurrence and weight of tumor was observed. The results showed that the apoptotic index was significantly higher in the SEA-Fab＇ （34.6 -68.9%） and SEA group （15.5-31.9%） than in PBMC＋Walker-256 group （5.5%-12.8%） with the difference being significant （P〈0.01）. And there was significant difference between SEA-Fab＇ group and SEA group （P〈0.01）. The tumor weight in SEA-Fab＇, SEA and control groups was 3.6±0.53 g, 0. 78±0. 26 g and 0.49±0. 17 g respectively with the difference being statistically significant between the SEA-Fab＇ group, SEA group and the control group （P〈0.01）. In the SEA-Fab＇s and SEA groups, there were CD4^＋ T and CD8^＋ T cell infiltrates, but in the cotnrol group, no or few T lymphocytes were seen in the mouse tumor tissue. It was concluded that SEA-Fab＇ was more effective to activate T lymphocytes to kill the tumor cells than SEA used alone. It was feasibility by using the monoclonal antibody as carrier to perform the targeted Immunotherapy of gatric tumor.

Clinical Observation on the Improved Short-Term Effects of Anti-Tumor Purified Chinese Medicine Injection Ai-Jing for 138 Cases with Malignant Tumors

The subjects of this study were to observe the improved short-term effects of anti-tumor purified Chinese medicine injection Ai-Jing for 138 cases with malignant tumors. This was a multi-center clinical study, and a total of 138 patients included 96 males and 42 females, with the age from 60 to 76 years. Ai-Jing has obtained the Chinese invention patent since 2008 (ZL991-03528.3). A novel technique acupoint injection method was adopted. Except for lung cancer, patients with other malignant tumors were injected once every other day, 2 ml each time. A course of treatment needs 6 Ai-Jing injections, lung cancer patients need 10 - 20 Ai-Jing injections. At the same time, patients were treated with traditional medicine decoction. Due to the limited number of cases, cure rate, recovery rate and remission rate were calculated as a whole, respectively 18.12%, 44.20% and 32.15%. All the invalid patients were lung cancer, accounting for 16.67% of the patients treated with lung cancer, and the total treatment inefficiency was 6.52%. Conclusion: Chinese Medicine Injection Ai-Jing extracts the effective components of anti-cancer and tumorigenesis, and has the effects of anti-cancer and tumorigenesis, anti-inflam-matory and analgesic, and repairing body damage, with small toxic and side effects and low cost.

Combined anti-tumor effects of mDRA-6 and nimesulide on human hepatocellular cancer cell line SMMC-7721

Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate anti-tumor effects of mDRA-6 plus nimesulide on a human hepatocellular cancer cell line, SMMC-7721, and study the main mechanisms. Methods: The DR5 receptor of SMMC-7721 cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). For further experimental application, SMMC-7721 cells were treated with proper dose of mDRA-6, nimesulide, or mDRA-6 plus 200 μmol/L nimesulide; untreated SMMC-7721 cells were comparably set as control. Cytotoxicity was tested by MTT assay; cell morphology was examined using Hoechst 33258 staining; and apoptosis was determined by FCM. Results: The positive rate of DR5 on SMMC-7721 was 95.0%. Either mDRA-6 or nimesulide alone induces SMMC-7721 cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of 1,600 ng/mL mDRA-6 for 12h led to a cell-death rate of 35.0%, while an increased cell-death rate (91.1%) was found under the same condition of mDRA-6 treatment supple- mented with 200 μmol/L nimesulide. Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V/PI staining confirmed apoptosis as the main cause of this anti-tumor response. Conclusion: Both mDRA-6 and nimesulide can induce apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells, and they have synergistic anti-tumor activities against SMMC-7721.

Hematopoiesis reconstitution and anti-tumor effectiveness of Pai-Neng-Da capsule in acute leukemia patients with haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

BACKGROUND With the rapid development of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT),primary poor graft function(PGF)has become a lifethreatening complication.Effective therapies for PGF are inconclusive.New Chinese patent medicine Pai-Neng-Da(PND)Capsule exerts dual effect in promoting hematopoiesis recovery and regulating immunity.Still,the application of PND capsule in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,especially in the haplo-HSCT setting,has not yet been reported.AIM To evaluate the role of PND capsule in acute leukemia patients with haplo-HSCT.METHODS We retrospectively collected data of acute leukemia patients who underwent haplo-HSCT at the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University between April 1,2015 and June 30,2020.Twenty-nine consecutive patients received oral PND capsule from the sixth day to the first month after haplo-HSCT were included in the PND group.In addition,31 patients who did not receive PND capsule during haplo-HSCT were included in the non-PND group.Subsequently,we compared the therapeutic efficacy according to the western medical evaluation indexes and Chinese medical symptom scores,and the survival between the PND group and the non-PND group,using the chi-square test,Fisher’s exact test,and the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS The duration of platelet engraftment was shorter in the PND group than in the non-PND group(P=0.039).The PND group received a lower frequency of red blood cells and platelet transfusions than the non-PND group(P=0.033 and P=0.035,respectively).In addition,PND capsule marginally reduced the rate of PGF(P=0.027)and relapse(P=0.043).After 33(range,4-106)months of follow-up,the 3-year relapse-free survival(P=0.046)and progression-free survival(P=0.049)were improved in the PND group than in the non-PND group.Also,the therapeutic efficacy of the PND group according to Chinese medical symptom scores was significantly better than that of the non-PND group(P=0.022).Moreover,the adverse events caused by PND capsule were mild.Nevertheless,there were no significant differences in the duration of neutrophil engraftment,the risk of infection within 100 days after haplo-HSCT,the acute graft-versus-host disease,or the 3-year overall survival between the two groups.CONCLUSION PND capsule could promote hematopoiesis reconstitution,improve the therapeutic efficacy of Chinese medical symptom scores,present anti-tumor effectiveness,and prolong the survival of acute leukemia patients with haplo-HSCT.

Research Progress on Pharmacological Effects of Lycorine Hydrochloride

Lycoris radiata,a Chinese herbal medicine,is a plant of Amaryllidaceae family,which has the antidotal,expectorant,diuretic,emetic and insecticidal effects.Lycorine hydrochloride is an alkaloid extracted from the bulb of L.radiata.Studies have shown that lycorine hydrochloride has many pharmacological effects(anti-fungal,anti-viral and anti-tumor).In this paper,the related research on pharmacological effects and mechanism of lycorine hydrochloride is systematically summarized in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research and application of lycorine hydrochloride.

Research Progress of Anti-tumor Effects of Curcuma zedoaria and its Active Ingredients Through Immune Regulation Mechanism

The continuous increase in the incidence rate of various fatal malignant tumors in the recent years warrants an imperative search for medications or drugs with obvious anti-tumor eflects and reliable curative effects.Previous studies have found that Curcuma zedoaria and its active ingredients,such as turmeric oil,curcumol,and P-elemene,have obvious antitumor effects,and they do not have the adverse reactions and side effects seen in the anti-tumor drugs of Western medicine.Based on the review and inductive analysis of related literature,we summarize in the present article the results of some researchers who investigated the anti-tumor effects of Curcuma zedoaria and its active ingredients through the immune regulation mechanism.

Anti-tumor effects of p53N15-based fusion peptide in the transfected H1299 lung cancer cells

Objective Loss-of-function mutation of p53,a tumor suppressor gene,is an important mechanism for the development of human cancers. In this study we tried to transfect p53N15-based fusion peptide into H1299,a lung cancer cell line,and evaluate the anti-tumor effects of the fusion peptide. Methods Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were used for transfecting p53N15 fusion peptide into p53-null lung adenocarcinoma H1299 cells.

Anti-tumor effects induced by gene vaccines co-expressing truncated human prostate specific membrane antigen gene and mouse 4-1BBL

Objective To investigate the influence of m4-1BBL on anti-tumor effects induced by truncated human prostate specific membrane antigen ( tPSMA ) gene in mice. Methods A eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding tPSMA and m4-1BBL ( pDC316-tPSMA-IRES m4-1BBL) ,pDC316-tPSMA and pDC316 were constructed.

补蔻补虚汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床效果

目的探讨补蔻补虚汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床效果及对炎性介质与免疫功能的调节作用。方法选取2019年4月—2021年7月我院收治的溃疡性结肠炎患者100例,随机分为对照组(n=50)和观察组(n=50)。对照组口服美沙拉嗪缓释片和双歧杆菌,直肠给予美沙拉嗪栓,静脉滴注丙氨酰谷氨酰胺注射液(多蒙特)和复方氨基酸注射液,连续治疗2周。观察组在对照组的基础上给予补蔻补虚汤,每日一剂,汤汁400 mL,分早晚两次服用,连续服用2个月。分别于治疗前及治疗后,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定患者血浆中D-乳酸水平及血清中白介素10(IL-10)、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平。采用高效液相色谱法测定尿液样品中的乳果糖和甘露醇水平,并测定乳果糖/甘露醇值(L/M值)。评估患者临床疗效和中医证候积分。评价患者肠黏膜组织。采用ELISA测定患者血清中上皮细胞膜结合黏液素1(MUC1)水平,采用ELISA双抗体夹心法测定患者血清中单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)水平。结果观察组和对照组的临床治疗总有效率分别为94.00%和76.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组中医症候积分水平相比无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组中医症候积分水平均升高,且观察组中医症候积分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前,两组患者D-乳酸和尿L/M水平相比无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组D-乳酸和尿L/M水平显著降低,且观察组D-乳酸和尿L/M水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前,两组患者血清炎性因子IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α水平相比无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α水平显著降低,且观察组IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前,两组患者Geboes指数相比无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组Geboes指数显著降低,且观察组Geboes指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论补蔻补虚汤治疗轻、中度溃疡性结肠炎的临床效果显著,可以显著改善患者炎性反应,调高免疫功能。

以DOPS为工具的形成性评价在免疫检验实习带教中的效果

目的探讨以操作技能直接观察评估(DOPS)为工具的形成性评价在免疫检验实习带教中的效果。方法选取2022年度和2023年度在浙江大学医学院附属第一医院免疫检验科实习的同学,2022年度的45名实习同学为对照组,2023年度的34名实习同学为实验组,对照组的同学在实习过程中使用传统教学终结性评价方法,实验组同学实习中使用以DOPS量表为工具的形成性评价方法。分析比较两组实习同学的出科考核成绩、教学的效果、实习收获调查、满意度调查。结果实验组的理论成绩和操作考核成绩明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=-3.26、-4.31,P均<0.05);实验组的教学效果明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=-6.31、-13.03、-12.01、-7.82、-10.22、-11.11,P均<0.05);实验组的实习收获评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=-9.31、-8.33、-9.21、-7.76、-5.93,P均<0.05);实验组的满意度高于对照组。结论应用DOPS作为形成性评价工具能够帮助学生更好地掌握技能,带教老师也可以从中获得教学过程中的持续反馈,从而进一步提升免疫检验实习带教的效果和质量。