The efficient adsorption of radioactive iodine(^(129)I and^(131)I)as nuclear waste is of great importance.Polymer nanocomposites consist of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)developing for various pollutions sorption and ...The efficient adsorption of radioactive iodine(^(129)I and^(131)I)as nuclear waste is of great importance.Polymer nanocomposites consist of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)developing for various pollutions sorption and separation have attracted much attention.This study reports the fabrication of magnetic polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIF-8)nanocomposites,PAN/ZIF-8(x%)/Fe_(3)O_(4),x=30 and 50,as iodine capture adsorbents.The PAN/ZIF-8(x%)/Fe_(3)O_(4)nanocomposite beads were fabricated via the phase inversion method,and their potential for iodine capture and separation in solution and vapor was investigated through UV-vis and weighing methods,respectively.Also,antibacterial activity of the as-prepared beads was assessed against E.coil and S.aureus.The as-fabricated compounds were studied by various techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping,transmission electron microscope,N_(2)adsorption isotherm,and vibrating sample magnetometer.The iodine capture results showed that the efficiency of nanocomposites is remarkably higher than the pure PAN beads.Additionally,the asprepared nanocomposite adsorbents displayed higher capture capacities for iodine vapor(1524-4345mg·g^(-1))than iodine solution(187-295 mg·g^(-1)).The as-obtained magnetic nanocomposites can be successfully separated from polluted media by simple filtration or an external magnet,regenerated through washing with ethanol,and reused.Fast capturing,high sorption capacity,rapid separation,and good reusability make the PAN/ZIF-8(x%)/Fe_(3)O_(4)nanocomposites highly effective adsorbents for the separation of iodine from wastewater.Additionally,PAN/ZIF-8(50%)/Fe_(3)O_(4)bead can be considered as a potential new antibacterial agent for water and wastewater treatment.展开更多
Dynamic changes in mRNA expressions of liver tissue apoptosis-promoting genes Fas and Bax and apoptosis-inhibiting gene Bcl-2 of vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats were detected and the effects of antibacterial agents were...Dynamic changes in mRNA expressions of liver tissue apoptosis-promoting genes Fas and Bax and apoptosis-inhibiting gene Bcl-2 of vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats were detected and the effects of antibacterial agents were examined. The rat model with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis (VV group) was established and some of the Vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats were treated with antibacterial agents (AA group). The mRNA expressions of Fas, Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As compared with normal control group (NC group), the ex- pressions of Fas and Bax mRNA in liver tissue at all different time points in VV group were increased significantly (P〈0.05), and the highest levels of Fas and Bax mRNA expressions were 6 and 12 h after the infection, respectively. At the same time, the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in liver tissue at all different time points in VV group were decreased significantly (P〈0.05), and the lowest level of Bcl-2 mRNA expression appeared 2 h after the infection. The mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 in liver tissue 9 and 12 h after the infection in AA group were increased significantly (P〈0.05) compared with NC group, while the expressions of Fas and Bax mRNA were not significantly different from those of NC group. Compared with VV group, the expression of Fas mRNA in AA group was decreased (P〈0.05) and Bax rnRNA was decreased significantly 12 and 16 h after the infection (P〈0.05), while the expressions of Bcl-2 mRNA were increased significantly 9, 12 and 16 h after the infection (P〈0.05). It is concluded that the mRNA expressions of liver tissue apoptosis-promoting genes Fas and Bax were increased remarkably in vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats, whereas the expression of apoptosis-inhibiting gene Bcl-2 mRNA was decreased obviously in sepsis rats in early stage. The treatment with cefoperazone sodium and levofloxacin lactate could inhibit the expression of Fas mRNA and Bax mRNA and enhance the expression ofBcl-2 rnRNA at the same time.展开更多
Quantitatively evaluation of antibacterial activities of inorganic antibacterial agents is an urgent problem to be solved. Using experimental data by an orthogonal design, a prediction model of the relation between co...Quantitatively evaluation of antibacterial activities of inorganic antibacterial agents is an urgent problem to be solved. Using experimental data by an orthogonal design, a prediction model of the relation between conditions of preparing inorganic antibacterial agents and their antibacterial activities has been developed. This is accomplished by introducing BP artificial neural networks in the study of inorganic antibacterial agents. It provides a theoretical support for the development and research on inorganic antibacterial agents. Key words inorganic antibacterial agent - antibacterial activity - neural networks - nanometer material展开更多
To find new structural leading compounds for the research of the multidrug resistant of antibacterial agents, five novel 8-substituted phenyl-1-pyridin-3-yl-5H-bis[1, 2, 4] triazolo[3, 4-b; 4′, 3′-d] thiadiazines we...To find new structural leading compounds for the research of the multidrug resistant of antibacterial agents, five novel 8-substituted phenyl-1-pyridin-3-yl-5H-bis[1, 2, 4] triazolo[3, 4-b; 4′, 3′-d] thiadiazines were prepared from the corresponding intermediates of 3-(5-substituted phenyl[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)-5-pyridin-3-yl-[1,2,4]triazol-4-ylamines via intramole- cular cyclization and the antibacterial activity in vitro against Gram-postive (G+) and Gram negative (G-) bacteria was primarily evaluated.展开更多
Antibacterial Ag-agents are intensively applied as broad spectrum, high-stability, high-efficiency and high-safety inorganic antibacterial agents. We have developed a new kind of antibacterial Ag-agent, namely Ag_2-x(...Antibacterial Ag-agents are intensively applied as broad spectrum, high-stability, high-efficiency and high-safety inorganic antibacterial agents. We have developed a new kind of antibacterial Ag-agent, namely Ag_2-x(NH_4)xMo_3O_(10) ·3H_2O nanowires(NWs). Carrying Ag atoms in the lattice and Ag-rich nanoparticles on the surface, the Ag-doped NWs show strong antibacterial effects for a variety of bacteria including E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergil lus niger. By performing systematic comparison experiments, we have proven that the main antibacterial effects are neither resulted from the tiny amount of Ag+ions released from the Ag-doped NWs in aqueous solutions, nor resulted from Ag-rich nanoparticles of fragments of the NWs when they are slowly dissolved in the Martin broth. Instead, the effects are mainly resulted from a contact mechanism, under which, the Ag-doped NWs need to be physically in contact with the bacteria to be eliminated. This is a novel phenomenon observed in the interactions between nanomaterials and live cells, which is worthy of further investigation at the molecular scale. As the Ag-doped NWs are not dissolved in pure water or weak acids, one may find practical antibacterial applications in textile industry and food storage industry for these unique nanomaterials.展开更多
A series of novel 9-fluoro-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-substituted-8-oxo-8H-[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazino[6,5,4-ij]quinoline-7-carboxylic acids was prepared by a facile synthetic method and the in vitro antibac...A series of novel 9-fluoro-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-substituted-8-oxo-8H-[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazino[6,5,4-ij]quinoline-7-carboxylic acids was prepared by a facile synthetic method and the in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-postive (G+) and Gram negative (G-) bacteria was primarily evaluated.展开更多
This review discussed the relationship among copper,human,and bacteria.Copper plays an important role in human immunity.Copper can boost human immune defense reactions at recommended intake level.The content mainly fo...This review discussed the relationship among copper,human,and bacteria.Copper plays an important role in human immunity.Copper can boost human immune defense reactions at recommended intake level.The content mainly focused on copper antibacterial activity and copper antibacterial mechanisms.Conclusions stated that copper antibacterial activity is affected by copper homeostasis mechanisms in bacteria,adhesion,humidity,strain specificity,and manufacturing methods of antibacterial agents.For the preparation of particle antibacterial agents and surface antibacterial agents,this review discussed several manufacturing methods,such as sol−gel,cold spray,and biosynthesis belonging to chemical synthesis,physical synthesis,and biological synthesis,respectively.Sol−gel method contributes to the preparation of particle agents and surface agents.Cold spray technique is utilized in synthesis of surface copper agent.Biosynthesis is a novel technology which can be applied in nanoparticle agent preparation.展开更多
Objective: To investigate anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of leaf and stem extracts from Polygonum odoratum. Methods: Leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum were extracted using methanol and t...Objective: To investigate anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of leaf and stem extracts from Polygonum odoratum. Methods: Leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum were extracted using methanol and their anti-hemolytic activity was assessed using 2, 2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride which is known to generate free radical damage on cell membranes of red blood cells. This damage, represented by hemolysis, was measured using spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was tested by using a broth microdilution method to find minimal inhibitory concentrations against eight bacterial strains. Anti-cancer activity of the extracts was evaluated against a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line(HL-60) by using MTT assay for cell viability and flow cytometry for apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis. Results: Both leaf and stem extracts have anti-hemolytic activity. The results showed a significantly increased percentage of inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the leaf extract showed anti-hemolytic activity to a greater extent than the stem extract. Antibacterial activity of the extracts, as indicated by their minimal inhibitory concentration, using 12.5, 50, 25, 25 μg/mL, was measured against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The leaf extracts also exhibited anti-cancer activity, demonstrated by significantly decreased cell viability of human promyelocytic cells(HL-60), with an IC_(50) of(350.00±1.85) μg/mL for 48 h and(38.00±0.92) μg/mL for 72 h. Additionally, HL-60 became apoptotic and accumulated in G_1-phase after 48 hours of treatment. Conclusions: The extracts of Polygonum odoratum exhibit potential antihemolytic activity. They also have antibacterial activity by inhibiting growth of Gram-positive bacteria. The leaf extract shows anti-cancer activity against HL-60 to a greater extent than the stem extract, causing decreased viability, increased G_1-phase accumulation and apoptosis induction.展开更多
Several kinds of activated carbon fiber(ACF), Granule Activated carbon(AC) containing silver ion or fine silver particle(Ag-ACF/AC) have been prepared by soaking ACF or AC in the salt solution of silver. Ag, AgCl ...Several kinds of activated carbon fiber(ACF), Granule Activated carbon(AC) containing silver ion or fine silver particle(Ag-ACF/AC) have been prepared by soaking ACF or AC in the salt solution of silver. Ag, AgCl and AgI compounds have been loaded onto the fibers. The structure of the fibers was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Ag content in the fiber was obtained by an Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The Ag+ content in water after the antibacterial test was measured by an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy. Antibacterial test was carried out against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). The results show that Ag-ACF/AC have strong antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus. After dealt with ACF/AC loading Ag, AgCl, AgI, no E.coli and S.aureus alive in solution can be detected. The analysis of Ag content in water after antibacterial test showed that the content of Ag meet the quality requirement of the National Potable Water Standard. It is indicated that ACF/AC-Ag in this experiment would be a safe antibacterial agent .展开更多
Quaternary phosphonium salts (QPS) with reactive groups used as antibacterial agents are promising which could be covalently linked to inert polymer surfaces by in situ polymerization. In this work, two kinds of qua...Quaternary phosphonium salts (QPS) with reactive groups used as antibacterial agents are promising which could be covalently linked to inert polymer surfaces by in situ polymerization. In this work, two kinds of quaternary phosphonium salts with hydroxyl groups were synthesized successfully. Characterization of these two quaternary phosphonium salts was performed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The thermal stability and antibacterial activity of antibacterial agents were also investigated by using thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and agar diffusion method. The test results showed that these two QPS exhibited good thermal stability and excellent antibacterial activity against both bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coll.展开更多
Hydrazones of poorly studied fluorine-containing oxamic acid thiohydrazides were synthesized by the reaction with salicylaldehydes. Tests showed that the newly synthesized compounds were effective low-toxic inhibitors...Hydrazones of poorly studied fluorine-containing oxamic acid thiohydrazides were synthesized by the reaction with salicylaldehydes. Tests showed that the newly synthesized compounds were effective low-toxic inhibitors of type III secretion system in Chlamydia trachomatis.展开更多
Lack of antibacterial properties in resin-based composites (RBCs) is one of the flaws that cause the failure of filling clinically. Several agents have been incorporated to endow RBCs with antibacterial properties. In...Lack of antibacterial properties in resin-based composites (RBCs) is one of the flaws that cause the failure of filling clinically. Several agents have been incorporated to endow RBCs with antibacterial properties. In this review, we summarize the recent antibacterial agents between 2015 and 2020 using keywords of antibacterial or antimicrobial dental resin composites by PubMed databases. The most effective strategies are concerned with polymerizable monomers (50%), followed by filler particles (39%) and leachable agents (11%). A recent modification of the antibacterial agent is either by combining two agents from the same category or mixing agents from different categories in one. More than two methods were used in one study to assess antibacterial efficacy. The most common method was biofilm colony-forming units (CFUs) counting method (40%), followed by live/dead bacteria staining assay of biofilms (25%), metabolic activity assay of biofilms using MTT assay (16%), lactic acid production assay of biofilms (8%), agar diffusion test (8%), and other methods (3%) such as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC).展开更多
Bacteria-caused wound infection greatly threatens human health,thus developing an efficient and safe antibacterial agent without drug resistance is still a great challenge.Herein,a confined vulcanization strategy is p...Bacteria-caused wound infection greatly threatens human health,thus developing an efficient and safe antibacterial agent without drug resistance is still a great challenge.Herein,a confined vulcanization strategy is proposed to construct copper sulfides-loaded dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres(Cux-Sy@DMSNs)with various crystal phases for reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated and photothermal antibacterial application.With the pore confinement of DMSNs,the crystal phases of copper sulfides including CuS,Cu_(9)S_(5)and Cui.96S can be easily controlled by changing the vulcanization temperature.The relationships between the crystal phases and photothermal properties as well as peroxidase-like activity of copper sulfides were systematically investigated.Results show that the obtained CuS@DMSNs exhibited higher photothermal ability with remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency of 36.86%in the second near-infrared region(NIR-II)and better peroxidase-like activity,compared to those of Cu_(9)S_(5)@DMSNs and Cu_(1.96)S@DMSNs.As a result,the in vitro experiments showed the good antibacterial effect against both gram-negative E.coli and gram-positive S.aureus under 1064 nm laser irradiation and the presence of H_(2)O_(2).Besides,the CCK-8 assay indicated that CuS@p-DMSNs have minimal cytotoxicity against normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells at the ranged concentrations.Therefore,the resultant CuS@p-DMSNs could act as a promising antibacterial agent for deep wound bacterial infection treatment.展开更多
Remarkable antibacterial activity of BPA analogues especially for tetrabromobi-sphenol A against Staphylococcus aureus 25923(Sa25923)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)has been reported in our previo...Remarkable antibacterial activity of BPA analogues especially for tetrabromobi-sphenol A against Staphylococcus aureus 25923(Sa25923)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)has been reported in our previous studies.However,the toxic effects of the compounds as environmental contaminants on the endocrine system limited their applications in the field of medicine and health.Given the abuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multiple super-resistant bacteria,we considered that structural modifications based on the BPA structure will be available for molecular designing of potential antimicrobial agents without drug resistance.In this study,to further improve the antibacterial activity and reduce the biological toxicity,we performed the computational models to evaluate the binding affinities of BPA analogues to the potential target DltA protein in the biosynthesis of cell wall.A series of synthesized achiral analogues ofα,α,α′-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-4-isopropylbenzene(α,α,α′-TEIB)exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentration against Sa25923 and MRSA(2 or 1μg mL−1).Especially,the analogue A4 did not induce the drug-resistant mutants for all tested Gram-positive bacterial strains and exhibited relatively lower cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells.The developed classification model based on the light gradient boosting algorithm showed the superior performances on the internal robustness and generalization ability for the ligand-based virtual screening of bisphenol and polyphenol antimicrobial substances.Collectively,our findings suggest that the molecular structure ofα,α,α′-TEIB is promising as a scaffold,which is expected to achieve a breakthrough in the development of antibiotics which can prevent the invasion of MRSA and other super bacteria.展开更多
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as important candidate therapeutic agents, which exert potent microbicidal properties against bacteria, fungi and some viruses. Based on our previous findings ki...Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as important candidate therapeutic agents, which exert potent microbicidal properties against bacteria, fungi and some viruses. Based on our previous findings king cobra cathelicidin (OH-CATH) is a 34-amino acid peptide that exerts strong antibacterial and weak hemolytic activity. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of both OH-CATH30 and its analog D-OH-CATH30 against clinical isolates comparing with routinely utilized antibiotics in vitro. In this study, 584 clinical isolates were tested (spanning 2013-2016) and the efficacy of the candidate peptides and antibiotics were determined by a broth microdilution method according to the CLSI guidelines. Among the 584 clinical isolates, 85% were susceptible to OH-CATH30 and its analogs. Both L- and D-OH-CATH30 showed higher efficacy against (toward) Gram-positive bacteria and stronger antibacterial activity against nearly all Gram-negative bacteria tested compare with antibiotics. The highest bactericidal activity was detected against Acinetobacter spp., including multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannfi (MRAB) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The overall efficacy of OH-CATH30 and its analogs was higher than that of the 9 routinely used antibiotics. OH-CATH30 is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections which are resistant to many routinely used antimicrobial agents.展开更多
Nanotechnology is gaining tremendous impetus due to its capability of modulating metals into their nanosize, which drastically changes the chemical, physical and optical properties of metals. Nanoparticles have been i...Nanotechnology is gaining tremendous impetus due to its capability of modulating metals into their nanosize, which drastically changes the chemical, physical and optical properties of metals. Nanoparticles have been intro- duced as materials with good potential to be extensively used in biological and medical applications. Nanoparticles are clusters of atoms in the size range of 1-100 nm. Inorganic nanoparticles and their nano-composites are applied as good antibacterial agents. Due to the outbreak of infectious diseases caused by different pathogenic bacteria and the development of antibiotic resistance, pharmaceutical companies and researchers are searching for new antibacterial agents. The metallic nanoparticles are the most promising as they show good antibacterial properties due to their large surface area to volume ratios, which draw growing interest from researchers due to increasing microbial resistance against metal ions, antibiotics and the development of resistant strains. Metallic nanoparticles can be used as effective growth inhibitors in various microorganisms and thereby are applicable to diverse medical devices. Nanotechnology discloses the use of elemental nanoparticles as active antibacterial ingredient for dental materials. In dentistry, both restorative materials and oral bacteria are believed to be responsible for restoration failure. Secondary caries is found to be the main reason to restoration failure. Secondary caries is primarily caused by invasion of plaque bacteria (acid-producing bacteria) such as Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates. To make long-lasting restorations, antibacterial materials should be made. The potential of nanoparticles to control the formation of biofilms within the oral cavity is also coming under in- creasing scrutiny. Possible uses of nanoparticles as topically applied agents within dental materials and the appli- cation of nanoparticles in the control of oral infections are also reviewed.展开更多
Antibacterial dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) was recently synthesized. The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate antibacterial activity of DMADDM-containing primer on Streptococcus mutans ...Antibacterial dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) was recently synthesized. The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate antibacterial activity of DMADDM-containing primer on Streptococcus mutans impregnated into dentin blocks for the first time, and (2) compare the antibacterial efficacy of DMADDM with a previous quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM). Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) bonding agent was used. DMADDM and QADM were mixed into SBMP primer. Six primers were tested: SBMP control primer P, P+2.5% DMADDM, P+5% DMADDM, P+7.5% DMADDM, P+10% DMADDM, and P+10% QADM. S. mutans were impregnated into human dentin blocks, and each primer was applied to dentin to test its ability to kill bacteria in dentinal tubules. Bacteria in dentin were collected via a sonication method, and the colony-forming units (CFU) and inhibition zones were measured. The bacterial inhibition zone of P+10% DMADDM was 10 times that of control primer (P〈0.05). CFU in dentin with P+10% DMADDM was reduced by three orders of magnitude, compared with control. DMADDM had a much stronger antibacterial effect than QADM, and antibacterial efficacy increased with increasing DMADDM concentration. Dentin shear bond strengths were similar among all groups (P〉0.1). In conclusion, antibacterial DMADDM-containing primer was validated to kill bacteria inside dentin blocks, possessing a much stronger antibacterial potency than the previous QADM. DMADDM-containing bonding agent was effective in eradicating bacteria in dentin, and its efficacy was directly proportional to DMADDM mass fraction. Therefore, DMADDM may be promisine for use in bonding agents as well as in other restorative and oreventive materials to inhibit bacteria.展开更多
Disposal of the pollutants arising from farming cattle and other livestock threatens the environment and public safety in diverse ways.Herein,we report on the synthesis of engineered biochars using cow dung as raw mat...Disposal of the pollutants arising from farming cattle and other livestock threatens the environment and public safety in diverse ways.Herein,we report on the synthesis of engineered biochars using cow dung as raw material,and investigating these biochars as antibacterial agents for water decontamination.By coating the biochars with N-halamine polymer and loading them with active chlorine (i.e.,Cl+),we were able to regulate them on demand by tuning the polymer coating and bleaching conditions.The obtained N-halamine-modified biochars were found to be extremely potent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.We also investigated the possibility of using these N-halamine-modified biochars for bacterial decontamination in real-world applications.Our findings indicated that a homemade filter column packed with N-halamine-modified biochars removed pathogenic bacteria from mining sewage,dairy sewage,domestic sewage,and artificial seawater.This proposed strategy could indicate a new way for utilizing livestock pollutants to create on-demand decontaminants.展开更多
Objective To assess the effectiveness of multiple cleaning and disinfection interventions in the homes and kindergartens, in reducing gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses of children. Methods From October 2010 t...Objective To assess the effectiveness of multiple cleaning and disinfection interventions in the homes and kindergartens, in reducing gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses of children. Methods From October 2010 to September 2011, we performed a prospective, controlled study in China. 408 children under 5 years old were recruited and group randomized into intervention and control groups. Families and kindergartens in the intervention group were provided with antibacterial products for hand hygiene and surface cleaning or disinfection for one year. Each child's illness symptoms and sick leave were recorded every day. Results A total of 393 children completed the study, with similar baseline demographics in each of the 2 groups. Except for abdominal pain, the odds of symptoms (fever, cough and expectoration, runny nose and nasal congestion, diarrhea), illness (acute respiratory illness and gastrointestinal illness), and sick leave per person each month were significantly reduced by interventions. The rates of fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory illness, gastrointestinal illness and sick leave per person per year were significantly decreased as well. Conclusion Not only the acute respiratory children were significantly reduced by multiple and gastrointestinal illness but the sick leave rate in interventions.展开更多
基金financial support(SCU.SC1400.29011)from the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz。
文摘The efficient adsorption of radioactive iodine(^(129)I and^(131)I)as nuclear waste is of great importance.Polymer nanocomposites consist of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)developing for various pollutions sorption and separation have attracted much attention.This study reports the fabrication of magnetic polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIF-8)nanocomposites,PAN/ZIF-8(x%)/Fe_(3)O_(4),x=30 and 50,as iodine capture adsorbents.The PAN/ZIF-8(x%)/Fe_(3)O_(4)nanocomposite beads were fabricated via the phase inversion method,and their potential for iodine capture and separation in solution and vapor was investigated through UV-vis and weighing methods,respectively.Also,antibacterial activity of the as-prepared beads was assessed against E.coil and S.aureus.The as-fabricated compounds were studied by various techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping,transmission electron microscope,N_(2)adsorption isotherm,and vibrating sample magnetometer.The iodine capture results showed that the efficiency of nanocomposites is remarkably higher than the pure PAN beads.Additionally,the asprepared nanocomposite adsorbents displayed higher capture capacities for iodine vapor(1524-4345mg·g^(-1))than iodine solution(187-295 mg·g^(-1)).The as-obtained magnetic nanocomposites can be successfully separated from polluted media by simple filtration or an external magnet,regenerated through washing with ethanol,and reused.Fast capturing,high sorption capacity,rapid separation,and good reusability make the PAN/ZIF-8(x%)/Fe_(3)O_(4)nanocomposites highly effective adsorbents for the separation of iodine from wastewater.Additionally,PAN/ZIF-8(50%)/Fe_(3)O_(4)bead can be considered as a potential new antibacterial agent for water and wastewater treatment.
基金supported by a grant for supporting key research programs from Zhejiang Province (No.07-F04)a Science and Technology Fund of Zhejiang Province (No.2005C30009)
文摘Dynamic changes in mRNA expressions of liver tissue apoptosis-promoting genes Fas and Bax and apoptosis-inhibiting gene Bcl-2 of vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats were detected and the effects of antibacterial agents were examined. The rat model with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis (VV group) was established and some of the Vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats were treated with antibacterial agents (AA group). The mRNA expressions of Fas, Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As compared with normal control group (NC group), the ex- pressions of Fas and Bax mRNA in liver tissue at all different time points in VV group were increased significantly (P〈0.05), and the highest levels of Fas and Bax mRNA expressions were 6 and 12 h after the infection, respectively. At the same time, the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in liver tissue at all different time points in VV group were decreased significantly (P〈0.05), and the lowest level of Bcl-2 mRNA expression appeared 2 h after the infection. The mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 in liver tissue 9 and 12 h after the infection in AA group were increased significantly (P〈0.05) compared with NC group, while the expressions of Fas and Bax mRNA were not significantly different from those of NC group. Compared with VV group, the expression of Fas mRNA in AA group was decreased (P〈0.05) and Bax rnRNA was decreased significantly 12 and 16 h after the infection (P〈0.05), while the expressions of Bcl-2 mRNA were increased significantly 9, 12 and 16 h after the infection (P〈0.05). It is concluded that the mRNA expressions of liver tissue apoptosis-promoting genes Fas and Bax were increased remarkably in vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats, whereas the expression of apoptosis-inhibiting gene Bcl-2 mRNA was decreased obviously in sepsis rats in early stage. The treatment with cefoperazone sodium and levofloxacin lactate could inhibit the expression of Fas mRNA and Bax mRNA and enhance the expression ofBcl-2 rnRNA at the same time.
文摘Quantitatively evaluation of antibacterial activities of inorganic antibacterial agents is an urgent problem to be solved. Using experimental data by an orthogonal design, a prediction model of the relation between conditions of preparing inorganic antibacterial agents and their antibacterial activities has been developed. This is accomplished by introducing BP artificial neural networks in the study of inorganic antibacterial agents. It provides a theoretical support for the development and research on inorganic antibacterial agents. Key words inorganic antibacterial agent - antibacterial activity - neural networks - nanometer material
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30070861)the Science Foundation of Henan University(XK02041).
文摘To find new structural leading compounds for the research of the multidrug resistant of antibacterial agents, five novel 8-substituted phenyl-1-pyridin-3-yl-5H-bis[1, 2, 4] triazolo[3, 4-b; 4′, 3′-d] thiadiazines were prepared from the corresponding intermediates of 3-(5-substituted phenyl[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)-5-pyridin-3-yl-[1,2,4]triazol-4-ylamines via intramole- cular cyclization and the antibacterial activity in vitro against Gram-postive (G+) and Gram negative (G-) bacteria was primarily evaluated.
基金the NSF of China(Grant No.11074010)the MOST of China(Grant No.2011DFA51450)for financial support
文摘Antibacterial Ag-agents are intensively applied as broad spectrum, high-stability, high-efficiency and high-safety inorganic antibacterial agents. We have developed a new kind of antibacterial Ag-agent, namely Ag_2-x(NH_4)xMo_3O_(10) ·3H_2O nanowires(NWs). Carrying Ag atoms in the lattice and Ag-rich nanoparticles on the surface, the Ag-doped NWs show strong antibacterial effects for a variety of bacteria including E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergil lus niger. By performing systematic comparison experiments, we have proven that the main antibacterial effects are neither resulted from the tiny amount of Ag+ions released from the Ag-doped NWs in aqueous solutions, nor resulted from Ag-rich nanoparticles of fragments of the NWs when they are slowly dissolved in the Martin broth. Instead, the effects are mainly resulted from a contact mechanism, under which, the Ag-doped NWs need to be physically in contact with the bacteria to be eliminated. This is a novel phenomenon observed in the interactions between nanomaterials and live cells, which is worthy of further investigation at the molecular scale. As the Ag-doped NWs are not dissolved in pure water or weak acids, one may find practical antibacterial applications in textile industry and food storage industry for these unique nanomaterials.
文摘A series of novel 9-fluoro-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-substituted-8-oxo-8H-[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazino[6,5,4-ij]quinoline-7-carboxylic acids was prepared by a facile synthetic method and the in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-postive (G+) and Gram negative (G-) bacteria was primarily evaluated.
基金financial support from the fund of State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,China
文摘This review discussed the relationship among copper,human,and bacteria.Copper plays an important role in human immunity.Copper can boost human immune defense reactions at recommended intake level.The content mainly focused on copper antibacterial activity and copper antibacterial mechanisms.Conclusions stated that copper antibacterial activity is affected by copper homeostasis mechanisms in bacteria,adhesion,humidity,strain specificity,and manufacturing methods of antibacterial agents.For the preparation of particle antibacterial agents and surface antibacterial agents,this review discussed several manufacturing methods,such as sol−gel,cold spray,and biosynthesis belonging to chemical synthesis,physical synthesis,and biological synthesis,respectively.Sol−gel method contributes to the preparation of particle agents and surface agents.Cold spray technique is utilized in synthesis of surface copper agent.Biosynthesis is a novel technology which can be applied in nanoparticle agent preparation.
基金financially supported by Mae Fah Luang University(No.59111040017)
文摘Objective: To investigate anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of leaf and stem extracts from Polygonum odoratum. Methods: Leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum were extracted using methanol and their anti-hemolytic activity was assessed using 2, 2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride which is known to generate free radical damage on cell membranes of red blood cells. This damage, represented by hemolysis, was measured using spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was tested by using a broth microdilution method to find minimal inhibitory concentrations against eight bacterial strains. Anti-cancer activity of the extracts was evaluated against a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line(HL-60) by using MTT assay for cell viability and flow cytometry for apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis. Results: Both leaf and stem extracts have anti-hemolytic activity. The results showed a significantly increased percentage of inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the leaf extract showed anti-hemolytic activity to a greater extent than the stem extract. Antibacterial activity of the extracts, as indicated by their minimal inhibitory concentration, using 12.5, 50, 25, 25 μg/mL, was measured against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The leaf extracts also exhibited anti-cancer activity, demonstrated by significantly decreased cell viability of human promyelocytic cells(HL-60), with an IC_(50) of(350.00±1.85) μg/mL for 48 h and(38.00±0.92) μg/mL for 72 h. Additionally, HL-60 became apoptotic and accumulated in G_1-phase after 48 hours of treatment. Conclusions: The extracts of Polygonum odoratum exhibit potential antihemolytic activity. They also have antibacterial activity by inhibiting growth of Gram-positive bacteria. The leaf extract shows anti-cancer activity against HL-60 to a greater extent than the stem extract, causing decreased viability, increased G_1-phase accumulation and apoptosis induction.
基金Foundation of Guangzhou Science and Technology Key Project
文摘Several kinds of activated carbon fiber(ACF), Granule Activated carbon(AC) containing silver ion or fine silver particle(Ag-ACF/AC) have been prepared by soaking ACF or AC in the salt solution of silver. Ag, AgCl and AgI compounds have been loaded onto the fibers. The structure of the fibers was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Ag content in the fiber was obtained by an Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The Ag+ content in water after the antibacterial test was measured by an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy. Antibacterial test was carried out against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). The results show that Ag-ACF/AC have strong antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus. After dealt with ACF/AC loading Ag, AgCl, AgI, no E.coli and S.aureus alive in solution can be detected. The analysis of Ag content in water after antibacterial test showed that the content of Ag meet the quality requirement of the National Potable Water Standard. It is indicated that ACF/AC-Ag in this experiment would be a safe antibacterial agent .
文摘Quaternary phosphonium salts (QPS) with reactive groups used as antibacterial agents are promising which could be covalently linked to inert polymer surfaces by in situ polymerization. In this work, two kinds of quaternary phosphonium salts with hydroxyl groups were synthesized successfully. Characterization of these two quaternary phosphonium salts was performed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The thermal stability and antibacterial activity of antibacterial agents were also investigated by using thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and agar diffusion method. The test results showed that these two QPS exhibited good thermal stability and excellent antibacterial activity against both bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coll.
文摘Hydrazones of poorly studied fluorine-containing oxamic acid thiohydrazides were synthesized by the reaction with salicylaldehydes. Tests showed that the newly synthesized compounds were effective low-toxic inhibitors of type III secretion system in Chlamydia trachomatis.
文摘Lack of antibacterial properties in resin-based composites (RBCs) is one of the flaws that cause the failure of filling clinically. Several agents have been incorporated to endow RBCs with antibacterial properties. In this review, we summarize the recent antibacterial agents between 2015 and 2020 using keywords of antibacterial or antimicrobial dental resin composites by PubMed databases. The most effective strategies are concerned with polymerizable monomers (50%), followed by filler particles (39%) and leachable agents (11%). A recent modification of the antibacterial agent is either by combining two agents from the same category or mixing agents from different categories in one. More than two methods were used in one study to assess antibacterial efficacy. The most common method was biofilm colony-forming units (CFUs) counting method (40%), followed by live/dead bacteria staining assay of biofilms (25%), metabolic activity assay of biofilms using MTT assay (16%), lactic acid production assay of biofilms (8%), agar diffusion test (8%), and other methods (3%) such as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52072124 and 51972112)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant No.20zR1414900)+1 种基金Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(grant No.22XD1421100)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the 111 project(grant No.B14018).
文摘Bacteria-caused wound infection greatly threatens human health,thus developing an efficient and safe antibacterial agent without drug resistance is still a great challenge.Herein,a confined vulcanization strategy is proposed to construct copper sulfides-loaded dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres(Cux-Sy@DMSNs)with various crystal phases for reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated and photothermal antibacterial application.With the pore confinement of DMSNs,the crystal phases of copper sulfides including CuS,Cu_(9)S_(5)and Cui.96S can be easily controlled by changing the vulcanization temperature.The relationships between the crystal phases and photothermal properties as well as peroxidase-like activity of copper sulfides were systematically investigated.Results show that the obtained CuS@DMSNs exhibited higher photothermal ability with remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency of 36.86%in the second near-infrared region(NIR-II)and better peroxidase-like activity,compared to those of Cu_(9)S_(5)@DMSNs and Cu_(1.96)S@DMSNs.As a result,the in vitro experiments showed the good antibacterial effect against both gram-negative E.coli and gram-positive S.aureus under 1064 nm laser irradiation and the presence of H_(2)O_(2).Besides,the CCK-8 assay indicated that CuS@p-DMSNs have minimal cytotoxicity against normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells at the ranged concentrations.Therefore,the resultant CuS@p-DMSNs could act as a promising antibacterial agent for deep wound bacterial infection treatment.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0907500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22193051,21277062,21806058)+1 种基金the Excellent Discipline Cultivation Project by JHUN(2023XKZ029)the PLA Logistics Research Project of China(2023).
文摘Remarkable antibacterial activity of BPA analogues especially for tetrabromobi-sphenol A against Staphylococcus aureus 25923(Sa25923)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)has been reported in our previous studies.However,the toxic effects of the compounds as environmental contaminants on the endocrine system limited their applications in the field of medicine and health.Given the abuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multiple super-resistant bacteria,we considered that structural modifications based on the BPA structure will be available for molecular designing of potential antimicrobial agents without drug resistance.In this study,to further improve the antibacterial activity and reduce the biological toxicity,we performed the computational models to evaluate the binding affinities of BPA analogues to the potential target DltA protein in the biosynthesis of cell wall.A series of synthesized achiral analogues ofα,α,α′-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-4-isopropylbenzene(α,α,α′-TEIB)exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentration against Sa25923 and MRSA(2 or 1μg mL−1).Especially,the analogue A4 did not induce the drug-resistant mutants for all tested Gram-positive bacterial strains and exhibited relatively lower cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells.The developed classification model based on the light gradient boosting algorithm showed the superior performances on the internal robustness and generalization ability for the ligand-based virtual screening of bisphenol and polyphenol antimicrobial substances.Collectively,our findings suggest that the molecular structure ofα,α,α′-TEIB is promising as a scaffold,which is expected to achieve a breakthrough in the development of antibiotics which can prevent the invasion of MRSA and other super bacteria.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31572268,31560596)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-EW-L03)+3 种基金"Yunnan Scholar"Programthe Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects(2016FD076)the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(201510685001201610685001)Puer University(RCXM003&CXTD011)
文摘Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as important candidate therapeutic agents, which exert potent microbicidal properties against bacteria, fungi and some viruses. Based on our previous findings king cobra cathelicidin (OH-CATH) is a 34-amino acid peptide that exerts strong antibacterial and weak hemolytic activity. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of both OH-CATH30 and its analog D-OH-CATH30 against clinical isolates comparing with routinely utilized antibiotics in vitro. In this study, 584 clinical isolates were tested (spanning 2013-2016) and the efficacy of the candidate peptides and antibiotics were determined by a broth microdilution method according to the CLSI guidelines. Among the 584 clinical isolates, 85% were susceptible to OH-CATH30 and its analogs. Both L- and D-OH-CATH30 showed higher efficacy against (toward) Gram-positive bacteria and stronger antibacterial activity against nearly all Gram-negative bacteria tested compare with antibiotics. The highest bactericidal activity was detected against Acinetobacter spp., including multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannfi (MRAB) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The overall efficacy of OH-CATH30 and its analogs was higher than that of the 9 routinely used antibiotics. OH-CATH30 is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections which are resistant to many routinely used antimicrobial agents.
文摘Nanotechnology is gaining tremendous impetus due to its capability of modulating metals into their nanosize, which drastically changes the chemical, physical and optical properties of metals. Nanoparticles have been intro- duced as materials with good potential to be extensively used in biological and medical applications. Nanoparticles are clusters of atoms in the size range of 1-100 nm. Inorganic nanoparticles and their nano-composites are applied as good antibacterial agents. Due to the outbreak of infectious diseases caused by different pathogenic bacteria and the development of antibiotic resistance, pharmaceutical companies and researchers are searching for new antibacterial agents. The metallic nanoparticles are the most promising as they show good antibacterial properties due to their large surface area to volume ratios, which draw growing interest from researchers due to increasing microbial resistance against metal ions, antibiotics and the development of resistant strains. Metallic nanoparticles can be used as effective growth inhibitors in various microorganisms and thereby are applicable to diverse medical devices. Nanotechnology discloses the use of elemental nanoparticles as active antibacterial ingredient for dental materials. In dentistry, both restorative materials and oral bacteria are believed to be responsible for restoration failure. Secondary caries is found to be the main reason to restoration failure. Secondary caries is primarily caused by invasion of plaque bacteria (acid-producing bacteria) such as Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates. To make long-lasting restorations, antibacterial materials should be made. The potential of nanoparticles to control the formation of biofilms within the oral cavity is also coming under in- creasing scrutiny. Possible uses of nanoparticles as topically applied agents within dental materials and the appli- cation of nanoparticles in the control of oral infections are also reviewed.
基金supported by NIH R01 DE17974 (Hockin HK Xu)a scholarship from West China School of Stomatology (Chen Chen)+3 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Lei Cheng)Youth Grant of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province China (2014JQ0033) (Lei Cheng)a bridge fund from University of Maryland Baltimore School of Dentistry (Hockin HK Xu)a seed grant from University of Maryland Baltimore (Hockin HK Xu)
文摘Antibacterial dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) was recently synthesized. The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate antibacterial activity of DMADDM-containing primer on Streptococcus mutans impregnated into dentin blocks for the first time, and (2) compare the antibacterial efficacy of DMADDM with a previous quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM). Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) bonding agent was used. DMADDM and QADM were mixed into SBMP primer. Six primers were tested: SBMP control primer P, P+2.5% DMADDM, P+5% DMADDM, P+7.5% DMADDM, P+10% DMADDM, and P+10% QADM. S. mutans were impregnated into human dentin blocks, and each primer was applied to dentin to test its ability to kill bacteria in dentinal tubules. Bacteria in dentin were collected via a sonication method, and the colony-forming units (CFU) and inhibition zones were measured. The bacterial inhibition zone of P+10% DMADDM was 10 times that of control primer (P〈0.05). CFU in dentin with P+10% DMADDM was reduced by three orders of magnitude, compared with control. DMADDM had a much stronger antibacterial effect than QADM, and antibacterial efficacy increased with increasing DMADDM concentration. Dentin shear bond strengths were similar among all groups (P〉0.1). In conclusion, antibacterial DMADDM-containing primer was validated to kill bacteria inside dentin blocks, possessing a much stronger antibacterial potency than the previous QADM. DMADDM-containing bonding agent was effective in eradicating bacteria in dentin, and its efficacy was directly proportional to DMADDM mass fraction. Therefore, DMADDM may be promisine for use in bonding agents as well as in other restorative and oreventive materials to inhibit bacteria.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51663019)the Natural Science Foundation of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.2019JQ03)the Program for National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training(Nos.201911709005 and 201911709006).
文摘Disposal of the pollutants arising from farming cattle and other livestock threatens the environment and public safety in diverse ways.Herein,we report on the synthesis of engineered biochars using cow dung as raw material,and investigating these biochars as antibacterial agents for water decontamination.By coating the biochars with N-halamine polymer and loading them with active chlorine (i.e.,Cl+),we were able to regulate them on demand by tuning the polymer coating and bleaching conditions.The obtained N-halamine-modified biochars were found to be extremely potent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.We also investigated the possibility of using these N-halamine-modified biochars for bacterial decontamination in real-world applications.Our findings indicated that a homemade filter column packed with N-halamine-modified biochars removed pathogenic bacteria from mining sewage,dairy sewage,domestic sewage,and artificial seawater.This proposed strategy could indicate a new way for utilizing livestock pollutants to create on-demand decontaminants.
基金the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention[No.2011001]and registered with the Chi CTR.[Reg.No.Chi CTR-ONRC-12002542]
文摘Objective To assess the effectiveness of multiple cleaning and disinfection interventions in the homes and kindergartens, in reducing gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses of children. Methods From October 2010 to September 2011, we performed a prospective, controlled study in China. 408 children under 5 years old were recruited and group randomized into intervention and control groups. Families and kindergartens in the intervention group were provided with antibacterial products for hand hygiene and surface cleaning or disinfection for one year. Each child's illness symptoms and sick leave were recorded every day. Results A total of 393 children completed the study, with similar baseline demographics in each of the 2 groups. Except for abdominal pain, the odds of symptoms (fever, cough and expectoration, runny nose and nasal congestion, diarrhea), illness (acute respiratory illness and gastrointestinal illness), and sick leave per person each month were significantly reduced by interventions. The rates of fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory illness, gastrointestinal illness and sick leave per person per year were significantly decreased as well. Conclusion Not only the acute respiratory children were significantly reduced by multiple and gastrointestinal illness but the sick leave rate in interventions.