Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of an ACAZY Herbal Formula Used in Traditional Medicine to Treat Respiratory Infections

ACAZY is a plant formula used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso to treat respiratory infections. After phytochemical analysis, this study evaluated extracts’ anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial properties from the ACAZY recipe. Three extractions, an aqueous macerate (AM), an aqueous decoction (AD) and an hydroethanolic macerate (HEM) of the ACAZY recipe powder were carried out. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and the determination of phenolic compounds. The anti-inflammatory potential was assessed in vitro using pro-inflammatory enzyme inhibition tests. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) antioxidant properties were also determined. The antibacterial activity was evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthracenosids, sterols and triterpenes in the extracts. The extracts inhibited pro-inflammatory enzymes by more than 40% at only 100 µg/mL. The extracts also showed potent antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration 1 mg/mL on Staphylococcus aureus and 2 mg/mL on Streptococcus pneumoniae. The extracts in the ACAZY formula have shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in vitro. The AD also showed an antibacterial activity. This justifies its use in traditional medicine to treat acute respiratory infections.

Anticancer,Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterial Effects of Aloin and Its Molecular Mechanism

Aloin is the main medicinal component extracted from Aloe vera.It is a natural anthraquinone compound,with anticancer,anti-inflammatory and antibacterial and other biological functions.This paper reviews the pharmacological action and related mechanisms of aloin,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of aloin.

Antioxidant,Anti-inflammatory,and Antibacterial Activities of Different Extracts from Polygonum capitatum

[Objectives]To investigate the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of different extracts(aqueous,ethanol,ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts)of Miao medicine Polygonum capitatum.[Methods]Eleven batches of P.capitatum in Guizhou province were collected,and water,ethanol,ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts were prepared by reflux extraction.Antioxidant activity was determined by radical scavenging capacity of 1,1 diphenyl-2-picyl hydrazine(DPPH),anti-inflammatory activity was screened by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced RAW264.7 cells to produce NO,and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)was screened by broth microdilution method.[Results]When the concentration of ethyl acetate extract was 10 mg/L,the scavenging rate of DPPH ranged from 90%to 99%.The(MIC of the ethyl acetate extract against Staphylococcus aureus(SA),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)and Escherichia coli(EC)was 0.18-0.65,0.13-0.82,and 0.15-0.78 g/L,respectively.In the anti-inflammatory activity,ethyl acetate extract inhibited NO production with inhibition rate of 70%.[Conclusions]The ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract of Miao medicine P.capitatum have strong antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.

Capsule endoscopy in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-enteropathy and miscellaneous,rare intestinal diseases

Despite significant advances over the last decade, mucosal lesions of the small bowel are poorly detected by imaging studies such as CT scan, MRI-enteroclysis and contrast-enhanced abdominal ultrasound. Capsule endoscopy (CE) has dramatically changed the diagnostic approach to intestinal diseases. Moreover, the use of CE can be extended to include other conditions. However, it is diffi cult to assess the positive influence of CE on patient outcomes in conditions involving a small number of patients, or in critically ill and diff icult to examine patients. CE has the advantage of diagnosing intestinal lesions and of directing the use of double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in order to obtain biopsy specimens. Moreover, CE allows repeated assessment in chronic conditions, especially to detect relapse of an infectious disease.

Evaluation of in-vitro antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory activity for different extracts of Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.root bark

Objective:To assess the in-vitro antihacterial activity and anti-inflammatory activity of orally administered different extracts(Hydro-alcoholic,methanolic,ethyl acetate and hexane)of Rauvolfia tetraphylla(R.tetraphylla)root bark in Carrageetiaii induced acute inflammation in rats.Methods:In-vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated for extracts against four Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria by using cylinder plate assay.Hydro-alcoholic extract(70%v/v ethanol)at 200,400 and 800 mg/kg doses and methanolic,ethyl acetate and hexane extracts at doses 100,200 and 400 mg/kg were tested for anti-inflammatory activity in Carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model and paw thickness was measured every one hour up to 6 hrs.Results:All extracts of R.tetraphylla root bark showed good zone of inhibition against tested bacterial strains.In Carrageenan induced inflammation model,hydro-alcoholic and methanolic extract of R.tetraphylla root bark at three different doses produced significant(P<0.00l)reduction when compared to vehicle treated control group and hexane,ethyl acetate extracts.Conclusions:In the present study extracts of R.tetraphylla root bark shows good in-vitro antibacterial activity and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity in rats.

Preparation of Pickering Emulsion for Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing

In recent years, natural biodegradable nanoparticles as stabilizers of Pickering emulsions have attracted extensive attention. In this work, a Pickering emulsion composed of chitosan/Arabic gum nanoparticles (CS/GA NPs), tea tree oil and vitamin E was formulated. Then the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing abilities of the emulsion were evaluated. Pickering emulsion encapsulated the tea tree oil strengthened antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Besides, this multi-phase system offered a platform to load with vitamin E, which provides anti-inflammatory effects while antibacterial. Meanwhile, Pickering emulsion avoided contact between bacteria and skin when used in wound treatment.

ROS-responsive hydrogels with spatiotemporally sequential delivery of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs for the repair of MRSA-infected wounds

For the treatment of MRSA-infected wounds,the spatiotemporally sequential delivery of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs is a promising strategy.In this study,ROS-responsive HA-PBA/PVA(HPA)hydrogel was prepared by phenylborate ester bond cross-linking between hyaluronic acid-grafted 3-amino phenylboronic acid(HA-PBA)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)to achieve spatiotemporally controlled release of two kinds of drug to treat MRSA-infected wound.The hydrophilic antibiotic moxifloxacin(M)was directly loaded in the hydrogel.And hydrophobic curcumin(Cur)with anti-inflammatory function was first mixed with Pluronic F127(PF)to form Cur-encapsulated PF micelles(Cur-PF),and then loaded into the HPA hydrogel.Due to the different hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of moxifloxacin and Cur and their different existing forms in the HPA hydrogel,the final HPA/M&Cur-PF hydrogel can achieve different spatiotemporally sequential delivery of the two drugs.In addition,the swelling,degradation,self-healing,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant property,and biocompatibility of hydrogels were tested.Finally,in the MRSA-infected mouse skin wound,the hydrogel-treated group showed faster wound closure,less inflammation and more collagen deposition.Immunofluorescence experiments further confirmed that the hydrogel promoted better repair by reducing inflammation(TNF-a)and promoting vascular(VEGF)regeneration.In conclusion,this HPA/M&CurPF hydrogel that can spatiotemporally sequential deliver antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs showed great potential for the repair of MRSA-infected skin wounds.

A drug-loaded flexible substrate improves the performance of conformal cortical electrodes

Cortical electrodes are a powerful tool for the stimulation and/or recording of electrical activity in the nervous system.However,the inevitable wound caused by surgical implantation of electrodes presents bacterial infection and inflammatory reaction risks associated with foreign body exposure.Moreover,inflammation of the wound area can dramatically worsen in response to bacterial infection.These consequences can not only lead to the failure of cortical electrode implantation but also threaten the lives of patients.Herein,we prepared a hydrogel made of bacterial cellulose(BC),a flexible substrate for cortical electrodes,and further loaded antibiotic tetracycline(TC)and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone(DEX)onto it.The encapsulated drugs can be released from the BC hydrogel and effectively inhibit the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.Next,therapeutic cortical electrodes were developed by integrating the drug-loaded BC hydrogel and nine-channel serpentine arrays;these were used to record electrocorticography(ECoG)signals in a rat model.Due to the controlled release of TC and DEX from the BC hydrogel substrate,therapeutic cortical electrodes can alleviate or prevent symptoms associated with the bacterial infection and inflammation of brain tissue.This approach facilitates the development of drug delivery electrodes for resolving complications caused by implantable electrodes.

Translating bacteriophage-derived depolymerases into antibacterial therapeutics:Challenges and prospects

Predatory bacteriophages have evolved a vast array of depolymerases for bacteria capture and deprotection.These depolymerases are enzymes responsible for degrading diverse bacterial surface carbohydrates.They are exploited as antibiofilm agents and antimicrobial adjuvants while rarely inducing bacterial resistance,making them an invaluable asset in the era of antibiotic resistance.Numerous depolymerases have been investigated preclinically,with evidence indicating that depolymerases with appropriate dose regimens can safely and effectively combat different multidrug-resistant pathogens in animal infection models.Additionally,some formulation approaches have been developed for improved stability and activity of depolymerases.However,depolymerase formulation is limited to liquid dosage form and remains in its infancy,posing a significant hurdle to their clinical translation,compounded by challenges in their applicability and manufacturing.Future development must address these obstacles for clinical utility.Here,after unravelling the history,diversity,and therapeutic use of depolymerases,we summarized the preclinical efficacy and existing formulation findings of recombinant depolymerases.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of depolymerases as therapeutics for humans were assessed to provide insights for their further development.

Actively contractible and antibacterial hydrogel for accelerated wound healing

Adhesive hydrogel has drawn great attention for wide applications in wound healing owing to its excellent biocompatibility and lasting adhesiveness.However,traditional adhesive hydrogels only keep the wound moist to promote wound healing.It is still imperative to fabricate adhesive hydrogels that exhibit efficient antibacterial ability,active driving dynamic wound closure,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging together with excellent mechanical properties.Here,a novel hydrogel based on poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)(PNIPAAm),a thermoresponsive polymer,and tannic acid(TA)-Ag nanoparticles(TA-Ag NPs)exhibiting active contraction,tissue adhesion,anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions was developed.TA-Ag dispersed in the hydrogel not only functioned as the catalyst to polymerize the reaction but also provided additional anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.Besides,tannic acid containing catechol groups endowed the hydrogel with adhesive ability.More interestingly,the obtained hydrogel exhibited the thermoresponsive shrinkage ability,which could mechanically drive wound closure due to the presence of PNIPAAm network.In vivo mouse full-thickness skin defect model demonstrated that this actively contractible and antibacterial hydrogel is a promising dressing to improve wound healing process by accelerating tissue regeneration and preventing bacterial infection.Therefore,this multi-functional adhesive hydrogel developed here may provide a new possibility for wound healing.

Pharmacologic Effects of Cannabidiol and Its Molecular Mechanism

Cannabidiol(CBD)is the active constituent of Cannabis sativa and exhibits a diverse range of pharmacologic effects,including anticancer,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and antiepileptic properties.The pharmacologic effects of CBD and its molecular mechanisms are reviewed with the objective of proposing novel approaches for basic research and clinical applications of CBD and related pharmaceuticals.

Improvement of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic properties of OGP loaded Co-MOF coating on titanium implants for advanced osseointegration

The bacterial infection,especially for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),and the associated severe inflammatory response could extremely limit the crosstalk of RAW264.7 cells and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and lead to the undesirable osseointegration of peri–implants.It is highly demanded to modify the surface of titanium(Ti)implant to improve its anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and facilitate its disabled osseointegration.Herein,in our study,a multifunctional coating of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-67 encapsulated osteogenic growth peptide(OGP)(ZO)was fabricated on titanium dioxide nanotubes(TNT)substrates(TNT-ZO)via the electrophoresis deposition(EPD)approach.The TNT-ZO substrates exhibited excellent antibacterial activity indicated by the reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,outer membrane(OM)and inner membrane(IM)permeabilization change,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)decrease,and intracellular compounds(DNA/RNA)leakage.Importantly,the regulation effects of TNT-ZO coating modified titanium substrates on the RAW264.7-MSCs crosstalk could induce the anti-inflammatory and osteogenic microenvironment via multiple paracrine signaling of Runx2,BMP2,VEGF,and TGF-β1.The promoted effects of coating structure were investigated in vivo,including antibacterial effect,osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells,and anti-inflammation of RAW264.7 cells,as well as infected bone regeneration and repair in bone defect transplantation model.The results demonstrated that MRSA was effectively eliminated by the hydrolysis of ZIF-67 nanoparticles on TNT-ZO substrates.Furthermore,the excellent osseointegration of peri–implants was realized simultaneously by modulating the crosstalk of RAW264.7-MSCs.This study could provide a novel approach to designing a multifunctional coating on the Ti implants for infected bone regeneration in orthopedic applications.

Research on the Nursing Effect of Glycolipids on Acne Skin

Glycolipids are lipid compounds,which are a type of amphiphilic molecules containing glycosyl ligands.This experiment studied the efficacy of glycolipids on acne skin care from the aspects of antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-allergic,oil-control,soothing and repair.Research results show that glycolipids have excellent antibacterial properties against P.acnes;when the dosage of glycolipids reaches 10μg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on lipid synthesis in SZ95 cells can reach 20%;glycolipids can induce LPS induction RAW264.7 cells have the inhibitory effect on the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and NO;when the glycolipids concentration is 15 mg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on hyaluronidase reaches 45.8%;when the glycolipids concentration is 25μg/mL,the inhibition rate on calcium ion concentration reaches 45.3%;glycolipids have a significant promoting effect on wound healing.Furthermore,human efficacy evaluation shows that glycolipids products have comprehensive care effects on acne skin.This study will help further promote the application of glycolipids in cosmetic products,especially in skin care products for acne skin.

阴道用乳杆菌活菌胶囊联合抗菌治疗对细菌性阴道病患者阴道微生态及复发的影响

目的:探讨阴道用乳杆菌活菌胶囊联合抗菌治疗对细菌性阴道病(BV)患者阴道微生态及复发的影响。方法:选取2021年3月—2023年3月在抚州市妇幼保健所妇保科确诊的105例BV患者,采用简单随机分组法划分为两组,观察组(52例)和对照组(53例)。对照组患者采用常规抗菌药物治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上给予阴道用乳杆菌活菌胶囊治疗。比较两组治疗过程中BV患者症状缓解情况及治疗后阴道微生态环境、炎症反应、疗效及复发的差异。结果:治疗后,两组患者pH值、菌群密集度、阴道清洁度评分均较治疗前下降,且观察组均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组乳酸杆菌数量评分均较治疗前上升,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组症状缓解时间均比对照组早(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组炎症因子水平均较治疗前下降,且观察组均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率为96.2%(50/52),高于对照组的83.0%(44/53)(P<0.05)。观察组复发率为4.0%(2/50),低于对照组的18.2%(8/44)(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为5.77%(3/52),对照组为11.32%(6/53),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:阴道用乳杆菌活菌胶囊联合抗菌治疗可以有效改善BV患者阴道微生态环境,降低BV患者炎症因子水平,减少复发。

Muscovite is protective against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small bowel injury

AIM: To evaluate the effect of muscovite in preventing small bowel injury induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Antibacterial activity evaluation of a novel K3-specific phage against Acinetobacter baumannii and evidence for receptor-binding domain transfer across morphologies

Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii)poses a serious public health challenge due to its notorious antimicrobial resistance,particularly carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB).In this study,we isolated a virulent phage,named P1068,from medical wastewater capable of lysing CRAB,primarily targeting the K3 capsule type.Basic characterization showed that P1068 infected the A.baumannii ZWAb014 with an optimal MOI of 1,experienced a latent period of 10 min and maintained stability over a temperature range of 4–37
C and pH range of 3–10.Phylogenetic and average nucleotide identity analyses indicate that P1068 can be classified as a novel species within the genus Obolenskvirus of the Caudoviricetes class as per the most recent virus classification released by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses(ICTV).Additionally,according to classical morphological classification,P1068 is identified as a T4-like phage(Myoviridae).Interestingly,we found that the tail fiber protein(TFP)of P1068 shares 74%coverage and 88.99%identity with the TFP of a T7-like phage(Podoviridae),AbKT21phiIII(NC_048142.1).This finding suggests that the TFP gene of phages may undergo horizontal transfer across different genera and morphologies.In vitro antimicrobial assays showed that P1068 exhibited antimicrobial activity against A.baumannii in both biofilm and planktonic states.In mouse models of intraperitoneal infection,P1068 phage protected mice from A.baumannii infection and significantly reduced bacterial loads in various tissues such as the brain,blood,lung,spleen,and liver compared to controls.In conclusion,this study demonstrates that phage P1068 might be a potential candidate for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant and biofilmforming A.baumannii infections,and expands the understanding of horizontal transfer of phage TFP genes.

The analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infection effects of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid

Backgroud:To explore the analgesic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-infective effects of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid and provide evidence for clinical application of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid.Methods:In this study,four groups of experiments were designed:analgesic,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,and antibacterial.In the mouse pain model,the analgesic effect of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid was studied by the writhing method and pain threshold;the anti-inflammatory effect by measuring the level of capillary permeability in the abdominal cavity of mice in different dose groups and the weight of cotton ball granuloma formation in rats;the antiviral effect by measuring the lung index of a pneumonia model of mouse infected with influenza virus;and the antibacterial effect by comparing the difference in the death protection ratio between each dose group and the model group result.Results:In the analgesic experiment,the high and medium dose of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid could significantly reduce the number of writhing in mice caused by acetic acid,and the pain threshold of mice in the high-and medium-dose groups was significantly increased for 1–3 hours.In the anti-inflammatory experiment,the medium-dose group could significantly inhibit the increase of capillary permeability in the abdominal cavity of mice caused by acetic acid,and the low-dose group could significantly reduce the weight of rat cotton ball granuloma.In the antiviral experiment,the high-and medium-doses of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid could significantly reduce the lung index of normal mouse pneumonia model of influenza virus infection and achieve a higher inhibition rate.In the anti-infective experiment,the death protection rate of the high-dose group was significantly different from that of the model control group.All three dose groups could significantly prolong the survival days of infected mice.Conclusion:These experimental results prove that in addition to its antipyretic effect,Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid also has analgesic,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,and antibacterial effects.

盐酸米诺环素胶囊联合抗菌功能性敷料治疗儿童轻中度寻常痤疮疗效观察

目的:观察盐酸米诺环素胶囊联合抗菌功能性敷料治疗轻中度寻常痤疮的疗效。方法:选取2017年5月-2019年5月于笔者医院就诊的96例轻中度寻常痤疮患儿为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组(47例)和观察组(49例)。对照组给予抗菌功能性敷料治疗,观察组给予盐酸米诺环素胶囊联合抗菌功能性敷料治疗。观察两组患儿疗效、免疫细胞因子、生活质量、皮肤生理指标及症状。结果:观察组临床有效率为93.88%,高于对照组的78.72%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患儿白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1β)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)较治疗前下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患儿情感功能、自我感知、社会功能、痤疮症状评分较治疗前上升,且观察组变化程度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后6周、12周,两组患儿皮损评分、面部脂溢评分、面部含水量在不同时间点比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中两组皮损评分、面部脂溢评分、面部含水量比较存在分组及时间效应(P<0.05),面部脂溢评分、面部含水量存在交互效应(P<0.05)。结论:盐酸米诺环素胶囊联合抗菌功能性敷料治疗轻中度寻常痤疮,可有效改善患儿皮肤生理指标及症状,降低炎症细胞因子水平,促进患儿恢复,疗效较好。

Zinc-based metal organic framework with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for promoting wound healing

The synergistic effect of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory is needed to overcome the problem of wound healing difficulties.Based on the favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of zinc ions(Zn^(2+))and the physicochemical properties of metal organic frameworks(MOFs),we prepared nanosized zinc-based MOF:Zn-BTC with the ability to slowly release Zn^(2+).In cellular levels,Zn-BTC possessed lower toxicity to fibroblasts and enhanced capacity of cell proliferation and migration.It also had good bactericidal effect on multiple drug-resistant bacteria by reducing 41.4%MRSA and 47.2%Escherichia coli.In addition,Zn-BTC also displayed the ability of lowering the expression of antioxidant genes:superoxide dismutase 1,superoxide dismutase 2 and interleukin 6,and enhancing the expression of wound healing genes:transforming growth factors-b and type I collagen.Finally,it also demonstrated that Zn-BTC could effectively improve the skin wound healing of SD rats and had no toxicity on major organs.The favorable biocompatibility,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of Zn-BTC gave a new insight of designing novel MOFs for promoting skin wound healing.

Pharmacological Action and Molecular Mechanism of Lithospermoside

Lithospermoside is a kind of alkaloid compound existing in Semiaquilegia adoxoides,with anticancer,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,hypoglycemic,antioxidant and other pharmacological effects.This paper reviews the pharmacological action and molecular mechanism of lithospermoside,in order to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of lithospermoside.