Positive Rate of Different Hepatitis B Virus Serological Markers in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,a General Tertiary Hospital in Beijing

Objectives To investigate the positive rate of different hepatitis B virus （HBV） serological markers, and the demographic factors related to HBV infection. Methods We enrolled all patients tested for HBV serological markers, such as HBV surface antigen （HBsAg）, HBV surface antibody （HBsAb）, hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg）, hepatitis B e antibody （HBeAb）, HBV core antibody （HBcAb）, and HBV-DNA from July 2008 to July 2009 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The positive rate of each HBV serological marker was calculated according to gender, age, and department, respectively. The positive rates of HBV-DNA among patients with positive HBsAg were also analyzed. Results Among 27 409 samples included, 2681 （9.8%） were HBsAg positive. When patients were divided into 9 age groups, the age-specific positive rate of HBsAg was 1.2%, 9.6%, 12.3%, 10.9%, 10.3%, 9.7%, 8.0%, 5.8%, and 4.3%, respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg in non-surgical department, surgical department, and health examination center was 16.2%, 5.8%, and 4.7%, respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg of males （13.3%） was higher than that of females （7.3%, P=0.000）. Among the 2681 HBsAg （＋） patients, 1230 （45.9%） had HBV-DNA test, of whom 564 （45.9%） were positive. Patients with HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋）, and HBcAg （＋） result usually had high positive rate of HBV-DNA results （71.8%, P=0.000）. Conclusions Among this group of patients in our hospital, the positive rate of HBsAg was relatively high. Age group of 20-29, males, and patients in non-surgical departments were factors associated with high positive rate of HBsAg.

Study of the Effect of Two New Types of IUDs,TCu380A and GyneFix on the Positive Rate of Chlamydia Trahmatis

To analyze the effect of two types of IUDs, TCu380A and GyneFix on the positive rate of Chlamydia Trahmatis (CT). Methods The TCu380A and GyneFix IUDs were compared in a randomized was for the one year and two year positive rate of Chlamydia Trahmatis (CT) and with the control respectively. Results The one year positive rate of CT antigens was 5.63% of TCu380A and two year was 4.92%; the one year positive rate of CT antigens was 4.62% and two year was 5.08% of GyneFix. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of CT antigen between the TCu380A IUD, and GyneFix IUDs groups, while there were significant differences between the TCu380A IUD, GyneFix IUD and the controls (15.18%) respectively. Conclusion Both IUDs provide highly effective protection against CT infection.

Clinical Observation on Effect of Combination of Zhuanyindan (转阴丹) and Hormone in Treating MaleInfertility with Positive Antisperm Antibody

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of combination of Zhuanyindan (ZYD, 转阴丹, a self-made Chinese herbal preparation) and hormone in treating male infertility with positive antisperm antibody and its influence on nitric oxide (NO) level. Methods:Eighty-two patients were randomly divided (according to the digital list) into the WM group (n = 20, treated with prednisone), the TCM group (n=28, treated with ZYD) and the ICWM group (n=34, treated with prednisone plus ZYD). The clinical effect, negative converting rate of antisperm antibody, changes of NO level in semen and various parameters of sperm motion before and after treatment were observed. Results: The total effective rate in the ICWM group was 88.2%, that in theTCM group 75. 0% and in the WM group 65. 0%. Significant difference was seen in the ICWM and TCM group before and after treatment in NO level, sperm motion parameters, including linear motion speed, linearity, propulsion, whip frequency, sperm vitality and mean moving angle, and quality of semen ( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). In the WM group, significant difference in comparison before and after treatment was seen in NO level, propulsion, whip frequency, mean moving angle and quality of semen, including vitality and survival rate (P<0. 01). Conclusion: Combination of Chinese herbs and hormone could lower the NO level in semen and improve the quality of sperm.Original article on CJITWM (Chin) 2004 ;23 (3): 223

Antibody-Coupled Drugs in HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of drugs that combine chemosynthetic drugs with antibody drugs through a linker. Antibody drug conjugates combine the targeting characteristics of traditional antibody drugs with the cytotoxic characteristics of small molecule drugs, while reducing the side effects of both drugs, making them a kind of “biological missile” and representing a relatively new and evolving class of anti-cancer drugs. Antibody-coupled drugs are currently used in many solid tumors, and this article reviews the clinical application of antibody-coupled drugs in HER2-positive gastric cancer.

Case report of a healthy,elderly man with long-term high titers for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody without myasthenia gravis

Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies （AAR） are considered pathognomonic and pathogenetic for myasthenia gravis （MG）. AAR detection confirms clinical diagnosis of MG. However, AAR is rarely detected in patients without MG. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in a normal subject without MG have not been adequately addressed in previous studies. The present study reports on a case study of a healthy, elderly man with high AAR titers for 14 years. Pathophysiological mechanisms could be due to AAR heterogeneity in specificity, affinity, and multiform, and to muscle variability in response to AAR.

Evaluation and application of a milk antibody ELISA for assessing the prevalence and incidence of bovine tuberculosis in dairy herds in Hubei Province,China

Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)is a chronic zoonotic disease that is endemic in China.Current in-vitro tests for bTB are mainly based on blood assays.Collection of samples results in some stress to the sampled cattle and associated economic losses for the herd owner.This study was designed to investigate the relationship between milk and serum antibody tests for bTB in dairy cows using 85 cows with milk and corresponding blood samples.Totally 4,395 milk samples were used to assesse the apparent(test)prevalence and incidence of bTB using the milk antibody ELISA.The association between levels of bTB milk antibody and milk quality was also evaluated.Milk and serum antibody tests showed a good correlation with a 87.5%(95%CI:61.7%,98.4)positive agreement and 98.7%(95%CI:95.4,99.8)negative agreement.The animal level lactoprevalence ranged from 0.3%(95%CI:0,1.2)to 33.3%(95%CI:26.6,40.6)in different farms and the incidence rate ranged from 0 head/cow-month(95%CI:0,0.02)to 0.04 head/cow-month(95%CI:0.02,0.07).Twenty percent of sampled farms met the criteria for bTB control in China.The prevalence on large-scale farms was lower(p<0.001)than on small farms.The bTB milk antibody levels had a negative correlation with milk yield and a positive correlation with somatic cell count(SCC),milk protein percentage(MPP)and percentage of total solids(TS).According to this research,milk ELISA could be used as a supplement of blood samples to assist in the surveillance for bTB and for alerting control and eradication of bTB.

Analysis of clinical features and prognosis of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody positive patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

Objective To investigate the characteristics and outcome of glomerulonephritis in patients with both antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody.Methods The sera of 23 antiGBM glomerulonephritis patients were collected and were tested for ANCA respectively.Characteristics and outcome of patients with coexisting anti-GBM antibody

A comparative study on the reactivity of charged Ni-rich and Ni-poor positive electrodes with electrolyte at elevated temperatures using accelerating rate calorimetry

The reactivity between charged Li(Li_(0.115)Mn_(0.529)Ni_(0.339)Al_(0.017))O_(2)(Li-rich),single crystal Li(Ni_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1))O_(2)(SC-NMC811),LiFePO_(4)(LFP) and LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4)(LMFP) positive electrodes at different states of charge(SOCs) and traditional carbonate-based electrolyte at elevated temperatures is systematically studied using accelerating rate calorimetry(ARC).The results show that the SOC greatly affects the thermal stability of the Li-rich and SC-NMC811 when traditional carbonate-based electrolyte is used.Although an increase in the SOC increases the energy density of lithium-ion cells,it also increases the reactivity between charged Li-rich and SC-NMC811 samples with electrolyte at elevated temperatures.In comparison with SC-NMC811,the Li-rich samples are much more stable at elevated temperatures,and the latter have higher specific capacity.SC-NMC811 samples are less reactive than traditional polycrystalline NMC811.Both LFP and LMFP samples show excellent thermal stability at elevated temperatures.The substitution of Fe by Mn in the olivine series positive materials does not impact the reactivity with electrolyte.

A Positive Analysis on Personal Saving Rate between America and China

The level of saving not only influences the life of individuals, but also plays an important role in a country＇s development. Accordingly, the studying on saving is becoming a focus problem in modem life. In recent years, the personal saving rate in the United States has fallen sharply, but the personal saving rate in China is at an astoundingly high level. This paper studies this problem with the positive analysis method from the situation; the reasons of the saving rate disparity between the U.S. and .China, and put forward some proposals about how to deal with the saving problems.

The relationship between the distribution of HBcAg in liver cells and the pathological manifestations of the liver in 429 HBeAg-positive chronic HBV-infected individuals

Background:The natural history of chronic HBV infection is typically characterized by four stages:the immune tolerance period,the immune clearance period,the immune control period,and the immune escape period.These stages are associated with the distribution of HBcAg in liver cells;however,this relationship remains a topic of broad debate within the field of liver disease.To objectively and quantitatively measure the intracellular distribution of HBcAg,this paper aims to design a method referred to as the“layered evaluation method”and to examine its validation.Methods:The distribution of HBcAg in liver cells is assessed using Image Pro Plus image processing software,along with calculations of cytoplasmic and nuclear positive staining rates.Results:The findings indicate that the highest proportion of patients exhibited a positive cytoplasmic expression rate ranging from 0-2.5%.More than 40% of the total sample was categorized within the 0-2.5% positive nuclear expression range.The HBcAg cytoplasmic positive staining rates were classified into five levels:a cytoplasmic HBcAg positive staining rate of less than 0.05% is designated as level 0,indicating negative expression;a staining rate between 0.05% and 5% is classified as level 1;a rate from 5% to less than 10% is classified as level 2;a rate from 10% to less than 20% is classified as level 3;and a nuclear positivity rate exceeding 20% is classified as level 4.Conclusion:The inflammatory activity grade in these patients was positively correlated with the cytoplasmic distribution of HBcAg.Furthermore,the nuclear distribution rate of HBcAg was significantly higher in the G3 group compared to the other groups.

Intrusion Detection Using Federated Learning for Computing

The integration of clusters,grids,clouds,edges and other computing platforms result in contemporary technology of jungle computing.This novel technique has the aptitude to tackle high performance computation systems and it manages the usage of all computing platforms at a time.Federated learning is a collaborative machine learning approach without centralized training data.The proposed system effectively detects the intrusion attack without human intervention and subsequently detects anomalous deviations in device communication behavior,potentially caused by malicious adversaries and it can emerge with new and unknown attacks.The main objective is to learn overall behavior of an intruder while performing attacks to the assumed target service.Moreover,the updated system model is send to the centralized server in jungle computing,to detect their pattern.Federated learning greatly helps the machine to study the type of attack from each device and this technique paves a way to complete dominion over all malicious behaviors.In our proposed work,we have implemented an intrusion detection system that has high accuracy,low False Positive Rate(FPR)scalable,and versatile for the jungle computing environment.The execution time taken to complete a round is less than two seconds,with an accuracy rate of 96%.

ATTITUDE RATE ESTIMATION BY GPS DOPPLER SIGNAL PROCESSING

A method is presented for near-Earth spacecraft or aviation vehicle's attitude rate estimation by using relative Doppler frequency shift; of the Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier. It comprises two GPS receiving antennas, a signal processing circuit and an algorithm. The whole system is relatively simple, the cost and weight, as well as power consumption, are very low.

Macroeconomic control of interest rate in China

The macroeconomic control of interest rate is studied using the elastic theory and correlation analysis and the concrete influence of interest rate on the consumption, savings and investment in China are investigated. It is pointed out that although the interest rate mechanisms in China has gone through several adjustments and reforms, the results are not yet fully up to expectations. The interest rate does not adjust the national economic structure, and direct the trend of funds, nor regulate the general social supply and demand and balance the price and currency in circulation, to achieve a rational distribution of social resources. The interest rate policy of Central Bank does not have much actual influence on the economic departments, and this influence was continuously weakened in recent years. Countermeasures are suggested for improving the macro control of interest rate.

CONVERGENCE RATE FOR ITERATES OF q-BERNSTEIN POLYNOMIALS

Recently, q-Bernstein polynomials have been intensively investigated by a number of authors. Their results show that for q ≠ 1, q-Bernstein polynomials possess of many interesting properties. In this paper, the convergence rate for iterates of both q-Bernstein polynomials and their Boolean sum are estimated. Moreover, the saturation of {Bn（., qn）} when n → ∞ and convergence rate of Bn（f,q;x） when f ∈ C^n-1 [0, 1], q → ∞ are also presented.

SARS-CoV-2 infection rates after different vaccination schemes:An online survey in Turkey

Objective:To identify effects of various nationwide vaccination protocols on the evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 infections among adult population and to evaluate the safety of mRNA(BioNTech/Pfizer)vaccine.Methods:Totally 10735 adult volunteers that received at least one dose of BioNTech/Pfizer or triple doses of CoronaVac participated in this cross-sectional-online survey between 1 and 10 September 2021.The information was collected covering a 5-month period from April 2021 to September 2021.Information about people who were vaccinated with only single and double dose CoronaVac were not included in this study.Results:At least one side effect after single and double dose of BioNTech/Pfizer and triple doses of CoronaVac were observed in 42.1%,42.5%and 10.9%,respectively.The most common side effects were shoulder/arm pain,weakness/fatigue,muscle/joint pain and headache.The side effects were the most frequent in single BioNTech/Pfizer,while it was the least in triple CoronaVac.The rate of positive PCR tests before vaccination was 17.6%,and decreased to 3.0%after vaccination.The rates of positive SARS CoV-2-PCR were 18.8%,3.5%,3.1%,0.5%and 4.6%in single BioNTech/Pfizer,double BioNTech/Pfizer,double CoronaVac+single BioNTech/Pfizer,double CoronaVac+double BioNTech/Pfizer and triple CoronaVac,respectively.While 1.8%of PCR positive COVID-19 cases needed intensive unit care in the pre-vaccination period,intensive care unit was required in 0%,1.5%,2.4%,0%and 4.2%after single BioNTech/Pfizer,double BioNTech/Pfizer,double CoronaVac+single BioNTech/Pfizer,double CoronaVac+double BioNTech/Pfizer and triple CoronaVac,respectively.Reinfection rate after vaccination was 0.4%.Conclusions:The rarity of COVID-19 infection after vaccination suggests that efficacy of vaccines is maintained.On the other hand,the data underscore the critical importance of continued public health mitigation.

GPS Vector Tracking Receivers with Rate Detector for Integrity Monitoring

In this paper,the integrity monitoring algorithm based on a Kalman filter(KF)based rate detector is employed in the vector tracking loop(VTL)of the Global Positioning System(GPS)receiver.In the VTL approach,the extended Kalman filter(EKF)simultaneously tracks the received signals and estimates the receiver’s position,velocity,etc.In contrast to the scalar tracking loop(STL)that uses the independent parallel tracking loop approach,the VTL technique uses the correlation of each satellite signal and user dynamics and thus reduces the risk of loss lock of signals.Although the VTL scheme provides several important advantages,the failure of tracking in one channel may affect the entire system and lead to loss of lock on all satellites.The integrity monitoring algorithm can be adopted for robustness enhancement.In general,the standard integrity monitoring algorithm can timely detect the step type erroneous signals.However,in the presence of ramp type slowly growing erroneous signals,detection of such type of error takes much more time since the error cannot be detected until the cumulative exceeds the specified threshold.The integrity monitoring based on the rate detector possesses good potential for resolving such problem.The test statistic based on the pseudorange residual in association with the EKF is applied for determination of whether the test statistic exceeds the allowable threshold values.The fault detection and exclusion(FDE)mechanism can then be employed to exclude the hazardous erroneous signals for the abnormal satellites to assure normal operation of GPS receivers.Feasibility of the integrity monitoring algorithm based on the EKF based rate detector will be demonstrated.Performance assessment and evaluation will be presented.

Hydrodynamics of the Pilot Scale Wet Scrubber with Restricted Outlet Absorbent Flow Rate

This paper presents the hydrodynamics of the wet scrubber coupled to a pilot CFB incineration facility. The scrubber was operated using tap water as a scrubbing liquid. The outlet liquid flow rate, Qo, and accumulation rate, Qa, strongly depend on the inlet liquid flow rate, Qin, with different profiles. At higher Qin values, Qo stabilizes, leading to higher Qa and finally flooding. The values of Qa were higher than Qo except for Qin ranging between 0.53 and 0.72 L/s (safe operating range) in which Qa ≌ Qo and Qa = Qin/2. The outlet-to-inlet liquid flow rate ratio, Qo/Qin decreased for Qin > 0.53 L/s. The increase in the accumulation-to-inlet liquid flow rate ratio, Qa/Qin, at higher Qin indicates a change in flow regime towards flooding, accompanied by an abrupt increase in the height of accumulating liquid, Ha. The difference between Qa/Qin and Qo/Qin (denoted as, ΔQao/Qin), shows a minimum close to zero in the safe operating range. The gas flow rate towards the wet scrubber had slight effect on Qo and Qa when Qin was maintained constant. The ratio Qo/Qin decreased slightly with Ha/Ht irrespective of gas velocity. Changing the liquid-to-gas ratio, L/G and Qin strongly affects the maximum and minimum values of Qo/Qin and Qa/Qin.

A Hybrid Intrusion Detection Method Based on Convolutional Neural Network and AdaBoost

To solve the problem of poor detection and limited application range of current intrusion detection methods,this paper attempts to use deep learning neural network technology to study a new type of intrusion detection method.Hence,we proposed an intrusion detection algorithm based on convolutional neural network(CNN)and AdaBoost algorithm.This algorithm uses CNN to extract the characteristics of network traffic data,which is particularly suitable for the analysis of continuous and classified attack data.The AdaBoost algorithm is used to classify network attack data that improved the detection effect of unbalanced data classification.We adopt the UNSW-NB15 dataset to test of this algorithm in the PyCharm environment.The results show that the detection rate of algorithm is99.27%and the false positive rate is lower than 0.98%.Comparative analysis shows that this algorithm has advantages over existing methods in terms of detection rate and false positive rate for small proportion of attack data.