An Investigation of Oxidative DNA Damage in Pharmacy Technicians Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs in Two Chinese Hospitals Using The Urinary 8-OHdG Assay

Objective To investigate oxidative DNA damage in pharmacy technicians preparing antineoplastic drugs at the PIVAS （Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service） in two Chinese hospitals. Methods Urinary 8-OHdG served as a biomarker. 5-Fluorouracil （5-FU） concentrations in air, masks and gloves were determined. The spill exposure of each PIVAS technician to antineoplastic drugs was investigated. Eighty subjects were divided into exposed group t, II, and control group I, II. Results 5-FU concentration ratios for gloves and masks in exposed group I were significantly higher than those in exposed group II （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The average urinary 8-OHdG concentrations in exposed group I, control group I, exposed group II, and control group II were 24.69＋0.93, 20.68＋1.07, 20.57＋0.55, and 12.96_＋0.73 ng/mg Cr, respectively. Urinary 8-OHdG concentration in exposed group I was significantly higher than that in control group I or that in exposed group 11 （P〈0.02）. There was a significant correlation between urinary 8-OHdG concentrations and spill frequencies per technician （P〈0.01）. Conclusion There was detectable oxidative DNA damage in PIVAS technicians exposed to antineoplastic drugs. This oxidative DNA damage may be associated with their spill exposure experience and contamination of their personal protective equipment.

Effect of Magnetized Water on the Mice Given High Doses of Antineoplastic Drugs

To broaden the applications of magnetized water(MW) in medical science, the possible detoxicative effect of MW to anticancer drugs in vivo were studied. After being given ip with cyclophosphomide (CTX) 500 mg/kg, cisplatin (DDP) 40 mg/kg, harringtonine (HA) 20 mg/kg, mitomycin C (MMC) 8 mg/kg, lycobetaine (Lyc) 200 mg/kg, respectively, the mice were given MW ip 0.2 ml for 7 days. The average life span was calculated for each group. After being given subacutely lower doses of anticancer drugs ( CTX 100 mg/kg, HA 3 mg/kg ) ip 3 times, the mice were given MW ip 0.2 ml for 7 days and the blood white cells were counted as routine. It was shown that the mice in MW groups after ip anticancer drugs survived longer than those without MW. The effects of various anticancer drugs on life span were different. The white cell numbers of groups with MW were higher than that of the groups without MW. So it is possible that MW can remarkably extend the life span of mice and attenuate the leukopenia by mitigating the toxicity of anticancer drugs in vivo .

Do Antineoplastic Drugs Play an Additional Role in the Progression of Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy? A Case Report

Non-compaction cardiomyopathy is a rare form of cardiomyopathy;its most common clinical manifestations are heart failure (HF), ventricular arrhythmia, thromboembolism, and sudden cardiac death. We report a rare case of a 63-year-old man with chest tightness, worsening lower leg edema, dyspnea, and decreased exercise tolerance. He had a medical history of gastric cancer treated with subtotal gastrectomy and post-operative chemotherapy with paclitaxel and fluorouracil three years ago. At that time, he was diagnosed with non-compaction cardiomyopathy, and the thickened and reticulated trabecular muscle was exclusively confined to left ventricular apex. Five months ago, he was admitted to our hospital with heart failure and treated for dilated cardiomyopathy, echocardiography revealed severe trabecular noncompact myocardium in both ventricles, which was confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). It is generally accepted that non-compacted myocardium forms in the early embryonic stage, which raises a question in our case whether acquired factors, such as antineoplastic drugs, potentially accelerate the pathological progression of non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Considering there are disparities between current screening tools such as echocardiography and CMR regarding diagnostic criteria, multi-detector CT may be an alternative examination method that could provide a new perspective for diagnosis.

Downregulation of Scar Fibroblasts by Antineoplastic Drugs: A Potential Treatment for Fibroproliferative Disorders

The various fibroproliferative disorders affecting humans have in common excess fibroblast activity and persistent overexpression or dysregulated activity of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Cancer has many similar characteristics. Antineoplastic drugs can downregulate fibroblast activity and cytokine growth factors. This study evaluates the effect of six antineoplastic drugs on keloid and Dupuytren’s disease fibroblasts. Keloid, normal scar, Dupuytren’s affected palmar fascia, and normal palmar fascia fibroblasts were grown and seeded into Fibroblast Populated Collagen Lattices (FPCLs). The FPCLs were treated with one of six antineoplastic drugs or left untreated as controls. At 7 days, supernatants were extracted from all FPCLs and assayed for expression of Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β2. All six antineoplastic drugs significantly inhibited FPCL contraction in both fibroproliferative conditions compared with the untreated controls (p β1 and TGF-β2 expression was downregulated in the supernatants of all FPCLs by the drug exposure. Cytotoxicity did not occur in these studies and was not the reason for the results. Although antineoplastic drugs can have significant side effects when given systemically, these results may be minimized when given to small areas involved in fibroproliferative scarring or when given topically or intralesionally. These in vitro results suggest that antineoplastic drugs may have a utility for treating various fibroproliferative disorders and warrant further investigation.

Nurses’ knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors regarding antineoplastic drugs:the mediating role of protective knowledge

Objective:To explore the relationships between Chinese nurses’knowledge,perceptions,and attitudes and their behavior and actual implementation of safety measures when handling antineoplastic drugs(ADs)in their daily work.Methods:This was a multisite study conducted in 8 public hospitals in China.A self-administered questionnaire was sent to par ticipants querying the degree of contact with ADs.The hypothesized relations were explored using structural equation modelling via the bootstrap method.Mediation analysis was applied to explore the mediating role of protective knowledge regarding AD exposure on the associations among protective training,using warning labels,and using protective masks.Results:A total of 305 nurses were enrolled.The average age of all par ticipants was 30.2(standard deviation[SD]:6.2)years.Nurses who had received protective training for AD exposure were more likely to use labels for ADs after age,body mass index(BMI),length of service,marital status,education,and department were controlled as covariates.The bias-corrected bootstrap of 95%confidence interval(CI)indicated that protective knowledge significantly mediated(23.4%)the association between protective training and using labels(indirect effect=0.202,95%CI:0.009,0.495);the proportion of mediation was 23.4%.Protective knowledge significantly mediated the association between protective training and using protective masks(indirect effect=0.157,95%CI:0.048,0.325);the propor tion of mediation was 27.2%.Conclusions:The findings of this study have provided baseline information on the current state of Chinese nurses’perceptions,knowledge,and preventive behaviors toward ADs as the crisis is happening.Training is also recommended to improve nurses’perceptions of the risks associated with ADs.

FIRST STEP VIEW OF THE EFFICACY OF ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS

A human K562 leukaemia call and acute adult leudaemia patient samples have been used to test the efficacy of antineoplastic agents with MTT assay.All 18 drugs were invoved.According to the purpose of experiment these durgs were applied at different opportunities or combinations.The drug efficacy has been observed and summarized as four different conditions:1.the change of the time(△ T )closely related with drug effacacy, during the duration the change of drug concentration(△ C) at certain extent has almost no influence; 2the △ C closely related with the efficacy, the △ T has no influence;3. The △ C and △ T effect the results together;and 4.the △ C and △ T effect not the result. And then draw a conclution that the process or drug effacacy has a multiple function with flat distrtct.

Advances in the Researches on the Blocking Effect of Chinese Drugs on Tumors

Malignant tumors are caused by multiple carcinogenic factors undergoing several stages. The occurrence and development of tumors may be prevented and blocked if some effective interference factors are brought into play.1 At present, there are two main subjects for the researches, that is, blocking the precancerous lesions and blocking the develop-ment of tumors. The former focuses on the removing of carcinogenic factors and on the chemoprophylaxis of cancer, while the latter on the inhibition of cancer cell infiltration and cancerometastasis. These are summarized as follows.

《抗肿瘤药物临床应用管理标准》制订与解析

抗肿瘤药物是指通过细胞杀伤、免疫调控、内分泌调节等途径,在细胞、分子水平进行作用,达到抑制肿瘤生长或消除肿瘤的药物,一般包括化学治疗药物、分子靶向治疗药物、免疫治疗药物、内分泌治疗药物等。医疗机构对抗肿瘤药物的管理及合理应用,关系到肿瘤患者的治疗安全。《抗肿瘤药物临床应用管理标准》由中国医院协会药事专业委员会牵头编制,对医疗机构抗肿瘤药物管理工作中涉及的组织管理与制度、用药管理、药品监测与评价三个环节中的18个关键要素进行了规范要求,适用于开展肿瘤诊疗的各级各类医疗机构。该文阐述了该标准制定方法和基本内容,以期为医疗机构开展相关工作提供参考和借鉴。

我院静脉配置中心抗肿瘤药不合理用药分析

目的分析我院静脉用药调配中心抗肿瘤药不合理用药情况,为临床抗肿瘤静脉用药提供参考,促进临床合理用药,保障肿瘤患者用药安全。方法我院2022年度住院静脉用药调配中心抗肿瘤用药医嘱10098份,依据药品说明书、相关文献等相关资料对87份不合理医嘱进行统计分析。结果我院2022年度住院静脉用药调配中心医嘱10098份,其中有不合理用药医嘱87份,每个科室均存在不合理用药情况,妇科的不合理医嘱数最多,其占比23.08%;静脉用药调配中心抗肿瘤药不合理用药情况主要包括溶媒错误(40.23%)、药物剂量不合理(29.89%)、给药顺序不合理(18.39%)、给药时间不合理(11.49%)。结论应加强我院的静脉用药调配中心抗肿瘤药不合理用药情况和抗肿瘤药溶媒管理,加强医师对抗肿瘤药物性质的认知,合理规范选择药物,同时药剂师应严格审核医嘱,以最大幅度减少不合理用药情况。

THE EFFECTS OF CHINESE DRUGS FOR SUPPORTING HEALTHY ENERGY AND REMOVING BLOOD STASIS ON POSTOPERATIVE METASTASIS OF GASTRIC CARCINOMA AND ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE

32 postoperative cases of gastric carcinoma were treated by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) drugs for supporting healthy energy and removing blood stasis, and their therapeutic results were compared with those in the control group treated by western medicine. After 6 months of treatment, in the TCM group, the rate of metastatic recurrence was significantly reduced, and the level of ornithine decarboxylase was also markedly lowered. Therefore, it is considered that the action of anti-metastatic recurrence of TCM drugs in postoperative cases of gastric carcinoma is probably related to the lowered activity of ornithine decarboxylase.

四联方案预防含顺铂方案多日化疗致恶心呕吐的效果和安全性研究

目的评价四联方案预防含顺铂方案多日化疗所致恶心呕吐(CINV)的有效性和安全性。方法选取以含顺铂药物进行化疗的112例恶性肿瘤患者。以随机数字表法将患者分为试验组与对照组,每组56例。对照组接受含有顺铂的化疗方案时给予三联方案(福沙匹坦双葡甲胺+盐酸昂丹司琼+地塞米松),试验组在对照组基础上给予含奥氮平的四联方案。观察2组恶心及呕吐发生情况、生活质量[呕吐生活功能量表(FILE)]及焦虑抑郁[医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)]的变化。结果开始化疗后1~9 d,试验组恶心、呕吐发生率低于对照组,试验组延迟期恶心、呕吐发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);开始化疗后9 d,试验组FILE的恶心、呕吐及总分高于对照组(P<0.05);2组开始化疗后1、9 d焦虑、抑郁评分及不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论四联止吐方案可提高对含顺铂多日化疗方案致CINV的控制率,尤其是针对延迟性恶心、呕吐的控制,改善患者化疗期间的生活质量,且安全性较好。

安罗替尼致高血压文献病例分析

目的探讨安罗替尼相关高血压的临床特点。方法检索中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science数据库(截至2023年7月31日),收集安罗替尼相关高血压文献病例报告类文献,提取患者基本情况、安罗替尼用药情况、高血压情况、干预措施和转归等,进行描述性统计分析。结果纳入分析的文献为16篇,患者18例,男性8例,女性10例;年龄27~76岁,平均58岁;非小细胞肺癌13例,结缔组织和软组织恶性肿瘤2例,肝内胆管癌1例,卵巢癌1例,子宫癌1例。联用其他抗肿瘤药物4例;安罗替尼初始剂量均为12 mg/d。发生的高血压分级为1级3例(17%),2级4例(22%),3级9例(50%),4级2例(11%)。除8例患者从服用安罗替尼至发生高血压的时间不详外,其余10例患者从服用安罗替尼至发生高血压的时间在7 d~6个月内,中位时间36(30,42)d,其中7例(39%)发生在服用安罗替尼2个月内。18例患者中出现不同程度乏力6例(33%),头痛6例(33%),头晕5例(28%),呕吐3例(17%),视物模糊2例(11%),恶心1例(6%),抽搐1例(6%)。13例伴其他不良反应,其中手足综合征7例(39%),蛋白尿3例(17%),高脂血症3例(17%),可逆性后部白质脑病综合征2例(11%),癫痫1例(6%),便血1例(6%),皮疹1例(6%)。1~2级患者安罗替尼未调整(6例)或减量治疗(1例)后耐受良好;3~4级患者中,8例停用安罗替尼且接受降压药治疗,2例减量治疗,1例未调整,随访血压控制平稳。结论安罗替尼相关高血压多发生在用药2个月内,往往伴其他不良反应,3级以上高血压常见,但大多数患者经对症处理、停药或减量后转归良好。

血管内皮生长因子及其受体抑制剂相关性高血压病理生理机制及临床诊疗的研究进展

肿瘤治疗相关心血管毒性(CTR-CVT)逐渐成为影响肿瘤幸存者预后的关键因素。以血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)为靶点研发的VEGF及其受体抑制剂(VEGFIs)作为新型抗肿瘤药物现已广泛应用于临床,可延长肿瘤患者的生存周期,改善患者预后,但VEGFIs诱导的高血压作为其最常见的CTR-CVT,可能会限制和影响其应用并引起严重心血管疾病(CVD)。对应用VEGFIs治疗的肿瘤患者应密切监测血压,早期评估,优化管理,使患者获得最佳的抗肿瘤疗效和最低的CTRCVT风险。现就VEGFIs相关性高血压的临床表现、发病机制、诊断和治疗策略进行综述,旨在为临床医生更好地管理和应对VEGFIs相关性高血压提供参考。

姜黄素与抗肿瘤药物联合应用的研究进展

联合用药能显著弥补单药使用的不足并能加快开发治疗复杂性疾病的新治疗方案.姜黄素是一种1,3-二酮类化合物,具有多种药理活性,其中抗肿瘤作用得到广泛关注.姜黄素能够抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡等,具有毒性低、耐受性好等特点.研究发现:姜黄素与临床抗肿瘤药物联合应用具有一定的协同作用,能有效地抑制癌细胞生长,降低药物的毒副作用,减少药物剂量,达到增效减毒的效果.本文在细胞和实验动物水平上总结了姜黄素与抗肿瘤药物联合应用所产生的影响及可能的作用机制.

285例新型抗肿瘤药物不良反应分析

目的 研究新型抗肿瘤药物的药品不良反应(ADR)的发生规律及特点,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法 对某三甲综合医院2018年1月1日至2023年3月31日新型抗肿瘤药物致ADR共285例,对患者性别、年龄、超说明书用药、ADR累及系统-器官和临床表现、ADR分级与转归、关联性评价等进行回顾性统计分析。结果 285例ADR男性155例(54.39%),女性130例(45.61%),平均年龄(54.98±13.175)岁;临床表现426例次,累及系统-器官12个,最常见的为消化系统(44.13%)、血液及造血系统(19.01%);严重ADR 51例,新的ADR 6例。涉及新型抗肿瘤药物33种,其中国家医保谈判药物28种,共266例次,大分子单体克隆药物特别是免疫检查点抑制剂的ADR较多,ADR例数最多的是卡瑞利珠单抗(66例)。涉及超说明书用药118例,超说明书用药的ADR发生率为63.10%。结论 新型抗肿瘤药物相关的ADR可发生于各个年龄,累及多个器官-系统,严重ADR较多,新的ADR较少,超说明书用药相关ADR较多;建议通过多学科联合会诊(MDT)、超说明书备案等措施严格管理超说明书用药,加强用药教育和药学监护,提高用药的安全性和有效性。

613例抗肿瘤药物的不良反应分析

目的 分析抗肿瘤药物的药品不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)的特征与规律,为日间化疗的安全用药提供参考。方法 收集202l年1月1日至2022年12月31日某院613例抗肿瘤药物ADR报告,并对数据进行统计和分析。结果 613例抗肿瘤药物ADR报告中60.03%发生在医院内,男性患者的ADR发生率多于女性,年龄分布以51~70岁为主(51.23%)。静脉滴注是引发ADR的主要给药途径(72.49%),严重ADR占14.68%,经停药或治疗未好转占4.24%。细胞毒类抗肿瘤药物的ADR占81.23%,其中以奥沙利铂最常见(18.65%)。ADR主要累及血液或造血系统(17.68%)。结论 应加强细胞毒类抗肿瘤药ADR的监测,关注特殊人群及重点药物。在日间化疗中心使用抗肿瘤药物时应评估ADR风险并制定相应治疗方案,确保患者用药安全。

中药活性成分调控糖代谢抗胆管癌的分子机制

胆管癌是一种高度异质性的肿瘤,其发病隐匿、病情凶险、恶性程度高、预后极差。葡萄糖是胆管癌增殖和转移的主要能量来源,胆管癌细胞在快速增殖过程中其糖代谢途径会被重新编辑,产生大量能量以满足自身需求。中医药在胆管癌治疗中具有独特优势,中药活性成分已被证明可以通过调控糖代谢抑制胆管癌的发生和发展。本文对胆管癌中的糖代谢特点和中药活性成分调控糖代谢抗胆管癌进行综述,为胆管癌的治疗提供新思路。

应用德尔菲法构建儿童抗肿瘤药物不良反应触发工具

目的:建立适用于监测儿童抗肿瘤药物不良反应的触发工具,衡量患儿肿瘤用药风险,并为保障其安全用药提供参考。方法:使用文献研究和德尔菲法完成触发工具的构建。首先,以“全面触发工具”“global trigger tool”等为检索词,全面检索触发工具相关中英文文献,根据纳入标准和排除标准筛选并纳入文献,提取其中的触发器条目,形成初版触发工具。其次,采用德尔菲法开展专家咨询,共邀请6个省市的15名多学科专家,逐条评价触发器条目对识别药物不良事件的重要性,并根据专家打分结果及修改建议调整触发器条目,得到趋于一致的结果。最后,使用建立的触发工具回顾性审查肿瘤患儿病历以评估其效能。结果:共纳入18篇文献,通过整合和删除文献中提取的触发器条目,得到包含49个条目的初版触发工具。经过两轮德尔菲专家咨询,最终确定39个条目,包括实验室检查19项、解毒剂8项、临床症状9项和干预措施3项。两轮专家咨询问卷平均回收率为96.67%,第一轮意见提出率为66.67%,专家的积极性较高。两轮专家咨询的权威系数均>0.80,变异系数均<0.25,第一轮和第二轮肯德尔协调系数(Kendall’s W)分别为0.11和0.12(P<0.05)。建立的39项触发器在600例患儿病历审查中,94.87%(37/39)有阳性触发,其中20个触发器的阳性预测值(PPV)≥50%,触发工具总体PPV为70.76%。结论:通过德尔菲法构建了一组用于监测儿童抗肿瘤药物不良反应的触发工具,并且在临床实际中应用的结果表明该触发工具具有良好的效能。

新风胶囊对类风湿关节炎疗效机制的研究现状

新风胶囊(XFC)是一种用于治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)的中药复方制剂,临床研究已证实XFC对RA的治疗有其独特疗效。该文从药学研究、质量控制、药代动力学、药效学、毒理学、临床观察和机制等方面阐述XFC的研究概况,旨在加深对该药的认识,为研究人员和临床医生提供有价值的依据。

基于双重差分模型的药品集中采购对某院抗肿瘤药使用的影响

目的从药物经济学角度评价国家组织药品集中采购政策对某院抗肿瘤原研药和仿制药使用的影响,并分析政策执行前后患者治疗的脱落情况。方法调取我院和中国科学技术大学附属第一医院抗肿瘤药物的用药信息,时间为集中采购前后各一年。按照患者是否使用集中采购中选药品将其分为观察组和对照组,采用双重差分模型法分析药品成本、患者年次均药品费用、药品总使用金额、药品使用数量占比、药品使用金额占比、患者治疗脱落等方面对我院抗肿瘤类原研药和仿制药的使用情况的影响。结果共纳入研究对象26438人,口服抗肿瘤药品10种。政策实施后,观察组与对照组患者年次均药品费用降幅分别为58.3%和2.0%。药品总使用金额相比政策实施前减少了2531.8万元,仿制药的使用数量提高了12.1%,使用金额提高了3.3%。政策实施后,年度患者治疗脱落人数占比下降10.7%。结论在国家组织药品集中采购政策影响下,抗肿瘤仿制药价格大幅降低,而患者治疗依从性明显提高。但采购的药物品种规格较为单一,医疗机构过于重视相关临床使用指标考核,在一定程度上影响了用药需求的多样化。