BACKGROUND Women with a history of serious psychotic disorders are at increased risk of disease relapse during pregnancy.Long-acting injectable(LAI)antipsychotics have been widely used to improve adherence and prevent...BACKGROUND Women with a history of serious psychotic disorders are at increased risk of disease relapse during pregnancy.Long-acting injectable(LAI)antipsychotics have been widely used to improve adherence and prevent relapse in patients with various severe psychotic disorders,but there is a lack of high-quality data from previous research on the safety of LAI antipsychotics during pregnancy.AIM To summarize relevant data on maternal,pregnancy,neonatal,and developmental outcomes from published cases of LAI antipsychotic use in pregnancy.METHODS A literature search was performed through November 11,2023,using three online databases:PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,and Web of Science.Case reports or case series that reported information about the outcomes of pregnancy in women who used LAI antipsychotics at any point in pregnancy,with available full texts,were included.Descriptive statistics,narrative summation,and tabulation of the extracted data were performed.RESULTS A total of 19 publications satisfied the inclusion criteria:3 case series,15 case reports,and 1 conference abstract.They reported the outcomes of LAI antipsychotic use in 74 women and 77 pregnancies.The use of secondgeneration LAI antipsychotics was reported in the majority(n=47;61.0%)of pregnancies.First-generation LAI antipsychotics were administered during 30 pregnancies(39.0%).Most of the women(approximately 64%)had either satisfactory control of symptoms or no information about relapse,while approximately 12%of them had developed gestational diabetes mellitus.A minority of cases reported adverse outcomes such as stillbirth,spontaneous abortion,preterm birth,low birth weight,congenital anomalies,and neurological manifestations in newborns.However,there were no reports of negative long-term developmental outcomes.CONCLUSION Currently available data seem reassuring,but further well-designed studies are required to properly evaluate the risks and benefits of LAI antipsychotic use during pregnancy.展开更多
提出了在A d Hoc网络中一种基于移动Agen t的密钥管理及认证方法.移动Agen t在网络中根据一定的运行策略进行移动,并不断地和所经历的节点进行数据交换,在此基础上形成一个节点信息矩阵表,矩阵表中包含了密钥信息.各节点使用其身份作为...提出了在A d Hoc网络中一种基于移动Agen t的密钥管理及认证方法.移动Agen t在网络中根据一定的运行策略进行移动,并不断地和所经历的节点进行数据交换,在此基础上形成一个节点信息矩阵表,矩阵表中包含了密钥信息.各节点使用其身份作为公钥,主密钥由各节点的私钥分享,从而形成基于身份的门限分布式密钥管理.该方法使用很少的Agen t获得较多的全局信息并快速交换密钥信息,减少了系统的开销,具有很高的效率和鲁棒性.展开更多
Antipsychotic agents are used for various indications in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.Despite their proven roles in multiple conditions,the treatment-emergent side effects of antipsychotic medications,such a...Antipsychotic agents are used for various indications in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.Despite their proven roles in multiple conditions,the treatment-emergent side effects of antipsychotic medications,such as metabolic side effects,are often the limiting factor for their long-term and short-term uses.Moreover,antipsychotic medications are often criticized for being less effective in treating different disabling symptoms such as negative symptoms of schizophrenia.As a result,the search for safer and more efficacious antipsychotic agents is ongoing.Newer antipsychotic agents are gaining attention related to emerging efficacy and tolerability data in treating neuropsychiatric conditions.In this review,we attempt to appraise the scientific data on psychopharmacology,safety profile,and efficacy of the newer additions to the list of second-generation antipsychotics,namely brexpiprazole,cariprazine,and lumateperone.We conducted a selective review utilizing PubMed,clinicaltrials.gov,and Cochrane databases to gather appropriate publications,keeping broad inclusion criteria.There were no restrictions on the age of the study population or the year of publication.We also cross-referenced articles and references to capture all existing studies.Our review of the current literature indicates that all three antipsychotic agents appear to be promising based on their short-term studies,while long-term studies remain limited.There is also a need for a head to head comparison between the newer antipsychotics with the other antipsychotic agents to ascertain if the newer agents are any better than the others.展开更多
Over the past three decades, concerns about the high prevalence of antipsychotic use in the nursing homes （NHs） for the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia continue to be emphasized and i...Over the past three decades, concerns about the high prevalence of antipsychotic use in the nursing homes （NHs） for the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia continue to be emphasized and intervened by many. However, despite the numerous side effects and the recent blackbox warning by the United States Food and Drug Administration about the increased risks for stroke and sudden death associated with the use of antipsychotics in dementia, the preva-lence of antipsychotic use in NHs remains high. While the use of antipsychotics appeared to have modest effcacy in reducing symptoms of aggression and psychosis in dementia, there is insuffcient evidence to routinely rec-ommend the use of alternative psychopharmacological treatments for these symptoms. Hence, clinicians have to balance the safety warnings against the need to treat these symptoms in order to prevent harm to the resident that may result from his/her dangerous behaviors. Although the use of antipsychotics may be warranted in some cases, organizational, resource and training support should be provided to encourage and equip NH staff to participate in interventions so as to minimize inappropriate use of these medicines in NHs. This review will discuss the place in therapy, the trend and appropriateness of antipsychotic use in NHs, as well as the effectiveness of current and future strategies for reducing antipsychotic use in the NHs.展开更多
Ad Hoc network is a kind of multi hop, self-organizing wireless network without center. Each node in network can be used as host as well as router and it can form any network topology through wireless connections. Bec...Ad Hoc network is a kind of multi hop, self-organizing wireless network without center. Each node in network can be used as host as well as router and it can form any network topology through wireless connections. Because of characteristics of itself, many new service items and application fields appear;meanwhile, it is also faced with many new security threats. Using immune agent can perceive the change of network node and make corresponding decision behavior, find the misbehavior nodes in the network as soon as possible and reduce the network attack and improve the immune competence of network.展开更多
作为一种无中心分布控制网络— ad hoc网络 ,它的安全特性对安全防范提出了更高的要求 .入侵检测技术作为安全防范的第二道设施 ,是 ad hoc网络获得高抗毁性的必要手段 .提出了 ad hoc网络的安全性 ,在描述入侵检测技术的相关内容基础...作为一种无中心分布控制网络— ad hoc网络 ,它的安全特性对安全防范提出了更高的要求 .入侵检测技术作为安全防范的第二道设施 ,是 ad hoc网络获得高抗毁性的必要手段 .提出了 ad hoc网络的安全性 ,在描述入侵检测技术的相关内容基础上 ,针对 ad hoc网络提出多层分布式入侵检测技术的具体实现 :MAIDS(Mobile Agent Intrusion Detection System) .MAIDS是基于信任的簇划分机制下的多层分布式入侵检测系统 .展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Women with a history of serious psychotic disorders are at increased risk of disease relapse during pregnancy.Long-acting injectable(LAI)antipsychotics have been widely used to improve adherence and prevent relapse in patients with various severe psychotic disorders,but there is a lack of high-quality data from previous research on the safety of LAI antipsychotics during pregnancy.AIM To summarize relevant data on maternal,pregnancy,neonatal,and developmental outcomes from published cases of LAI antipsychotic use in pregnancy.METHODS A literature search was performed through November 11,2023,using three online databases:PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,and Web of Science.Case reports or case series that reported information about the outcomes of pregnancy in women who used LAI antipsychotics at any point in pregnancy,with available full texts,were included.Descriptive statistics,narrative summation,and tabulation of the extracted data were performed.RESULTS A total of 19 publications satisfied the inclusion criteria:3 case series,15 case reports,and 1 conference abstract.They reported the outcomes of LAI antipsychotic use in 74 women and 77 pregnancies.The use of secondgeneration LAI antipsychotics was reported in the majority(n=47;61.0%)of pregnancies.First-generation LAI antipsychotics were administered during 30 pregnancies(39.0%).Most of the women(approximately 64%)had either satisfactory control of symptoms or no information about relapse,while approximately 12%of them had developed gestational diabetes mellitus.A minority of cases reported adverse outcomes such as stillbirth,spontaneous abortion,preterm birth,low birth weight,congenital anomalies,and neurological manifestations in newborns.However,there were no reports of negative long-term developmental outcomes.CONCLUSION Currently available data seem reassuring,but further well-designed studies are required to properly evaluate the risks and benefits of LAI antipsychotic use during pregnancy.
文摘Antipsychotic agents are used for various indications in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.Despite their proven roles in multiple conditions,the treatment-emergent side effects of antipsychotic medications,such as metabolic side effects,are often the limiting factor for their long-term and short-term uses.Moreover,antipsychotic medications are often criticized for being less effective in treating different disabling symptoms such as negative symptoms of schizophrenia.As a result,the search for safer and more efficacious antipsychotic agents is ongoing.Newer antipsychotic agents are gaining attention related to emerging efficacy and tolerability data in treating neuropsychiatric conditions.In this review,we attempt to appraise the scientific data on psychopharmacology,safety profile,and efficacy of the newer additions to the list of second-generation antipsychotics,namely brexpiprazole,cariprazine,and lumateperone.We conducted a selective review utilizing PubMed,clinicaltrials.gov,and Cochrane databases to gather appropriate publications,keeping broad inclusion criteria.There were no restrictions on the age of the study population or the year of publication.We also cross-referenced articles and references to capture all existing studies.Our review of the current literature indicates that all three antipsychotic agents appear to be promising based on their short-term studies,while long-term studies remain limited.There is also a need for a head to head comparison between the newer antipsychotics with the other antipsychotic agents to ascertain if the newer agents are any better than the others.
文摘Over the past three decades, concerns about the high prevalence of antipsychotic use in the nursing homes （NHs） for the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia continue to be emphasized and intervened by many. However, despite the numerous side effects and the recent blackbox warning by the United States Food and Drug Administration about the increased risks for stroke and sudden death associated with the use of antipsychotics in dementia, the preva-lence of antipsychotic use in NHs remains high. While the use of antipsychotics appeared to have modest effcacy in reducing symptoms of aggression and psychosis in dementia, there is insuffcient evidence to routinely rec-ommend the use of alternative psychopharmacological treatments for these symptoms. Hence, clinicians have to balance the safety warnings against the need to treat these symptoms in order to prevent harm to the resident that may result from his/her dangerous behaviors. Although the use of antipsychotics may be warranted in some cases, organizational, resource and training support should be provided to encourage and equip NH staff to participate in interventions so as to minimize inappropriate use of these medicines in NHs. This review will discuss the place in therapy, the trend and appropriateness of antipsychotic use in NHs, as well as the effectiveness of current and future strategies for reducing antipsychotic use in the NHs.
文摘Ad Hoc network is a kind of multi hop, self-organizing wireless network without center. Each node in network can be used as host as well as router and it can form any network topology through wireless connections. Because of characteristics of itself, many new service items and application fields appear;meanwhile, it is also faced with many new security threats. Using immune agent can perceive the change of network node and make corresponding decision behavior, find the misbehavior nodes in the network as soon as possible and reduce the network attack and improve the immune competence of network.
