Changes in soluble interleukin-2 receptor level in serum and Na^+ -K^+ -exchanging ATPase activity in semen of infertile men caused by antisperm antibody

Aim: To explore the possible mechanisms of male infertility caused by antisperm antibody (AsAb). Methods: Thesoluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level in serum was analyzed by ELISA and Na^+ -K^+ -exchanging ATPase activi-ty in semen by phosphorus (Pi) assay. Results: The slL-2R level in serum was significantly higher and the Na^+ -K^+ -exchanging ATPase activity in semen significantly lower in AsAb positive infertile men when compared with thecontrols. Conclusion: The AsAb titer varies with the slL-2R level in serum. A decrease in Na^+ -K^+ -exchangingATPase activity in semen may play a role in male infertility caused by AsAb.

Analysis of Sperm Membrane Protein Relevant to Antisperm Antibody by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Western Blotting

Objective To identify the sperm membrane proteins that are associated with antisperm antibody Methods Using antisperm antibody positive serum through unidimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by Western blot analysis to determine the molecular weights (MW) and isoelectric points (pI) of sperm membrane proteins that are associated with antisperm antibody. Results Eight kinds of MW with more than ten sperm membrane proteins can be recognized by antisperm antibody positive serum, of which the MWs and pI were 23 kD, 31 kD, 32 kD, 34 kD, 41 kD, 51 kD, 60 kD, 78 kD and 5.3, 5.5,5.7, 5.0, 5.3, 5.8, 6.0, 5.5～6.2, 4.6,5.1,5.5～5.8 respectively. The identification ratios of the sperm membrane proteins on 78 kD (60.7%), 60 kD (71.4%), 51 kD (14.9%) and 23 kD (14.29%) were higher. Conclusion The sperm membrane proteins with MW of 78 kD, 60 kD, 51 kD and 23 kD were associated with antisperm antibody and immunological infertility. Two- dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blotting can precisely identify the sperm membrane proteins that are associated with antisperm antibody.

Effect of GABA on sperm acrosome reation in antisperm antibody positive patients

To investigate the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the rate of sperm acrosome reaction both in normal and antisperm antibody (AsAb) positive men. Methods: The sperm acrosome reaction was tested with triplestain technique in two groups of 18 men each. Results: (1) GABA increased the rate of sperm acrosome reaction both in normal and AsAb positive subjects (P<0.01); (2) GABA increased the Na^+-K^+-ATPase activity of sperm (P<0.01); (3)GABA increased the Ca^(2+)-ATPase activity of sperm (P<0.05); (4) GABA decreased the production of MDA and oxygen free radicals of sperm. Conclusion: GABA could regulate the rate of sperm acrosome reaction. (Chin J Andro12002; 16: 355)

Studies on relationship between semen viscosity and other semen parameters, Ureaplasma urealyticum infection and seminal plasma antisperm antibody

Objective: To study the relationship between semen viscosity and other semen parameters, Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection and seminal plasma antisperm antibody (AsAb) in male infertiles. Methods: Semen parameters, Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection and antisperm antibody (AsAb) were measured and analyzed in 4337 infertile men. Results: The seminal viscosity was higherr than normal in 65.02 % of 4337 male infertiles. The sperm motility and grade (a, b) motile sperm were significantly lower in the high viscosity group than in the normal viscosity group (P<0.05-0.01). The rate of abnormal morphology sperm was higher and duration of semen liquefaction was longer in the high viscosity than in the normal viscosity group (P<0.01). The seminal volume, sperm concentration and semen pH were not significantly different between the two groups. The semen viscosity is significantly higher in subjects with higher seminal WBC (>5/ HP) than in those with lower WBC (<5/HP). The positive AsAb and UU infection rates were significantly higher in the high viscosity group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The semen viscosity is related to other seminal parameters, as well as to UU infection and seminal AsAb.

Analysis of sperm membrane antigens relevant to antisperm antibody using Western blot

To identify the sperm membrane antigens associated with antisperm antibody. Methods: The antisperm antibody in serum was tested by ELISA. Antisperm antibody positive sera from 18 infertile men and 15 infertile women were used. The molecular weight (MW) of sperm membrane antigens associated with the antisperm antibody was analyzed with antisperm antibody positive serum using Western blot. Results: Eight kinds of MW of sperm membrane antigens were identified. The ratio of identification on the 78 KD(60.7 %), 60KD (71.4 %), 51 KD (14.9 %) and 23 KD (14.29 %) sperm antigen was higher than others. Conclusion: Sperm membrane antigens with MW of 78 KD, 60 KD, 51 KD and 23 KD were associated with antisperm antibody and immunological infertility. (Chin J Andro12002; 16: 345)

Analysis of Antisperm Antibody in Cervix Mucus for Azoospermic Men’s Wives

ELISA method was used to detect antisperm antibodies in cervix mucus. Out of 400 women whose husbands had sperms, 92 were antisperm antibody positive (23% ). 42 of 200 women with azoospermic partners were antisperm antibody positive (21% ). No difference was found between the two groups. Hence, antisperm antibodies in azoospermic men's wives may be caused by sperm'sadhering antigens in semina.

Clinical Observation on Effect of Combination of Zhuanyindan (转阴丹) and Hormone in Treating MaleInfertility with Positive Antisperm Antibody

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of combination of Zhuanyindan (ZYD, 转阴丹, a self-made Chinese herbal preparation) and hormone in treating male infertility with positive antisperm antibody and its influence on nitric oxide (NO) level. Methods:Eighty-two patients were randomly divided (according to the digital list) into the WM group (n = 20, treated with prednisone), the TCM group (n=28, treated with ZYD) and the ICWM group (n=34, treated with prednisone plus ZYD). The clinical effect, negative converting rate of antisperm antibody, changes of NO level in semen and various parameters of sperm motion before and after treatment were observed. Results: The total effective rate in the ICWM group was 88.2%, that in theTCM group 75. 0% and in the WM group 65. 0%. Significant difference was seen in the ICWM and TCM group before and after treatment in NO level, sperm motion parameters, including linear motion speed, linearity, propulsion, whip frequency, sperm vitality and mean moving angle, and quality of semen ( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). In the WM group, significant difference in comparison before and after treatment was seen in NO level, propulsion, whip frequency, mean moving angle and quality of semen, including vitality and survival rate (P<0. 01). Conclusion: Combination of Chinese herbs and hormone could lower the NO level in semen and improve the quality of sperm.Original article on CJITWM (Chin) 2004 ;23 (3): 223

ACA、AsAb与不孕及反复自然流产的关系

目的探讨抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)、抗精子抗体(AsAb)与不孕、反复自然流产的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对124例不孕患者(不孕组)、182例反复自然流产(流产组)及68例无流产史且已分娩的健康妇女(对照组)血清ACA及AsAb进行测定分析并比较。结果不孕组ACA阳性率为45.16%,AsAb阳性率为33.06%,均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);流产组ACA总阳性率为48.90%,AsAb阳性率为26.92%,均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论妇女不孕及反复自然流产与体内ACA和AsAb的存在有关。

益气活血汤对男性AsAb阳性病人外周血T细胞亚群分类的影响

目的 :通过观察中药益气活血汤对男性免疫性不育的作用 ,进一步研究中药对生殖免疫的作用机理。 方法 :30例血清抗精子抗体 (AsAb)阳性的不育病人 ,服用益气活血汤 2个月 ,测定用药前后外周血CD3,CD4 ,CD8以及CD4 CD8比值的变化。 结果 :治疗前后CD3数值变化不明显 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,治疗后CD4数值明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,CD8数值明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,CD4 CD8数值明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。 结论 :中药益气活血汤可能通过影响外周血T细胞亚群分类的水平 ,从而起到调节机体免疫力。

不孕症患者血清和宫颈粘液AsAb检测及其治疗

目的 探讨血清与宫颈粘液抗精子抗体之间的关系及其治疗效果.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法检测300例不孕症患者血清和宫颈粘液的抗精子抗体,以230例健康妇女作对照组;对抗精子抗体阳性不孕症患者随机分为药物治疗组和安全套法治疗组,药物治疗组给予地塞米松合并维生素治疗,安全套法组仅严格应用安全套.对收集的数据进行统计分析.结果 不孕症组抗精子抗体阳性总计92例,占30.7%,高于对照组的11.3%（χ^2=28.20,P〈0.01）;药物治疗组治愈率为70.2%,安全套法组治愈率为13.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=30.46,P〈0.01）.结论 测定血清抗精子抗体可间接反映宫颈粘液抗精子抗体的状况;地塞米松合并维生素可有效地消除抗精子抗体.

血清leptin、AsAb、EmAb检测在女性不孕不育症中的临床意义

目的:检测女性不明原因不孕、不育症血清瘦素(leptin)、AsAb、EmAb(均为IgG抗体)及其临床意义,为女性不明原因不孕不育症患者提供诊断和治疗依据。方法:临床选择32例女性不明原因不孕不育症患者应用放免法和ELISA进行血清leptin、AsAb、EmAb三项技术统计分析并与35名正常健康妇女作比较。结果:32例女性不明原因不孕不育症患者血清leptin水平均显著低于正常妇女组(P<0.01),而AsAb、EmAb两项阳性者占78.1%,EmAb阳性者占21.9%。结论:leptin水平低下和免疫因素为女性不明原因不孕不育症的主要原因。

慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征患者精浆成分和相应精子质量改变的研究进展

前列腺炎是前列腺三大常见疾病之一,此外分别是前列腺增生和前列腺癌。约50%的男性一生之中曾患前列腺炎。慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征(CP/CPPS)患者中不育症的发生率显著高于正常患者,这主要与慢性前列腺炎患者精液成分的改变有关。本综述通过使用“慢性前列腺炎”、“慢性盆腔疼痛综合征”、“精子”、“精液”和“精浆”等关键词及术语,在PubMed和医学线检索了截至2024年之前发表的人类和动物研究的综述文章、临床试验和病例报告及相关引文。综合回顾了既往对于慢性前列腺炎与精浆变化及精子质量相关研究和调查,通过CP/CPPS患者前列腺液的成分的改变导致精浆成分发生变化的角度,讨论其对精子质量的影响。

男性不育者精浆C3d和C3的测定及与AsAb的关系

用ELISA法检测精浆中的C3d、C3含量，并计算C3d／C3的比值．结果表明，抗精子抗体（AsAb）阳性的不育病人精浆C3d含量及C3d／C3比值明显高于生育组，而AsAb阴性的不育病人糖浆C3d、C3及C3d／3的比值与生育组间则无明显差异。以C3d高于0．8mg／L为阳性，AsAb阴性和AsAb阳性的不育者C3d阳性率分别为19．2％和81．3％，二者差异非常显著（P＜0．01）。提示ASAb可能与补体活化有关，导致C3裂解增加，因此精浆C3d、C3的检测可反映精浆内补体激活的水平，可作为男性免疫性不育的一个重要指标．

SDS-PAGE分离不孕奶牛宫颈黏液AsAb

免疫不孕严重影响奶牛正常繁殖,相对于其他不孕类型不容易被确诊,准确对孕牛与不孕牛之间宫颈黏液AsAb的差异进行定性和定量分析,对奶牛免疫不孕的治疗研究有重要的意义。本试验将浅盘凝集检测和实际生产结果相结合确定的不孕奶牛和可孕奶牛作为研究对象,对宫颈黏液中蛋白进行SDS-PAGE电泳并对其分离条件进行优选。结果表明,本试验建立了一种在8%分离胶上,以15μL上样量,100V,电泳3~4h的SDS-PAGE分离奶牛宫颈黏液的有效方法;对浅盘凝集检测和实际生产记录相结合确定AsAb免疫性不孕奶牛的宫颈黏液,用SDS-PAGE分离得到一种分子量为22~25kDa蛋白,初步确定为AsAb轻链;发现100%(24/24)不孕奶牛的宫颈黏液中存在AsAb轻链,14.3%(2/14)可孕牛宫颈黏液中存在AsAb轻链,但表达量明显低于不孕牛。

反复自然流产患者血清ThAb、AsAb、EMAb和AoAb检测的临床意义

目的:探讨了反复自然流产患者血清ThAb、AsAb、EMAb和AoAb水平的变化及临床意义。方法:应用放射免疫分析和斑点免疫法对84例反复自然流产患者进行了血清ThAb、AsAb、EMAb和AoAb的检测,并与35名健康孕妇作比较。结果:反复自然流产患者血清ThAb、AsAb、EMAb和AoAb的阳性率显著地高于正常孕妇组(P<0.05)。结论:检测反复自然流产患者血清ThAb、AsAb、EMAb和AoAb水平的变化对疾病的诊断和发病机制有一定的临床价值。

CXL对AsAb阳性精液常规及精子膜完整性的影响

本实验观察了ＡｓＡｂ 阳性患者的精液常规分析（ＳＦＡ）的某些参数和肿胀精子率（评价精子膜的完整性） 的改变。并进一步观察了中药消抗安胎口服液（ＣＸＬ） 治疗ＡｓＡｂ 阳性患者的疗效。结果表明，ＡｓＡｂ 阳性患者精液ＳＦＡ 的精子密度、精子计数以及肿胀精子率较对照组为低，同时观察到，服用ＣＸＬ后，上述指标均得到明显改善。

不育相关AsAb的免疫印迹分析

用精子膜抗原Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析法，对７８例生育、１９８例不孕、２２例流产者及４４例中晚期妊娠孕妇血清抗精子抗体（ａｎｔｉｓｐｅｒｍａｎｔｉｂｏｄｉｅｓ，ＡｓＡｂ）进行研究。结果发现，抗分子量８５０００、５１０００、３００００精子抗原的ＡｓＡｂ与不孕相关；抗分子量８５０００、７９０００、６９０００，５１０００精子抗原的ＡｓＡｂ与女性不孕相关；不孕女性ＡｓＡｂ种类（在Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ上的反应条带数）明显多于生育女性。抗分子量８５０００、７９０００、５８０００精子抗原的ＡｓＡｂ与女性ＲＳＡ相关。本研究未发现不孕组男性、流产组男性及中晚期妊娠孕妇各种分子量精子抗原的ＡｓＡｂ检出率与生育组同性别相比有显著不同。所发现的这些ＡｓＡｂ可能与不育有密切关系，需要进一步研究和证实。

生殖免疫抗体检测在女性不孕不育生殖道感染中的应用价值

目的 检测血清生殖免疫抗体,分析其在不孕不育女性生殖道感染中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析136例不孕不育症育龄期女性临床资料,其中合并生殖道感染74例(感染组),无生殖道感染62例(未感染组)。比较2组血清抗精子抗体(ASAb)、抗子宫内膜抗体(EMAb)、抗卵巢抗体(AOAb)、抗心磷脂抗体(ACAb)水平差异,使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清ASAb、EMAb、AOAb、ACAb对不孕不育症合并生殖道感染的诊断效能,并记录不同病原感染者血清ASAb、EMAb、AOAb、ACAb检测结果。结果 感染组血清ASAb、EMAb、AOAb、ACAb阳性率及血清含量明显高于未感染组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清ASAb、EMAb、AOAb、ACAb诊断不孕不育症合并生殖道感染的AUC值分别为0.972、0.945、0.968、0.862(P<0.05)。感染组中,不同病原感染者血清ASAb、EMAb、AOAb、ACAb阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ASAb、EMAb、AOAb、ACAb对女性不孕不育症合并生殖道感染具有较高诊断效能,临床应用价值较高。

AsAb与男性不育的相关性研究

目的观察不育男性血清、精浆中 AsAb 与精液各指标之间的关系,揭示 AsAb 与不育症的相关性及致病机制。方法 ELISA 法测定127例男性不育患者及86例正常生育者血清、精浆中的 AsAb 以及精液的各项指标。结果不育者血清中的 AsAb 阳性率(29.9%)明显高于正常生育组(4.7%),p<0.05,不育患者血清、精浆 AsAb 水平变化能导致精子的活动力明显下降,呈显著性正相关(p<0.05)。结论AsAb 与男性不育有密切关系,可引起精子活动力明显下降,但对精子密度及液化无明显影响。

反复自然流产患者血清P、AsAb、AcA和EmAb水平检测的临床意义

目的探讨反复自然流产患者血清P、AsAb、AcA和EmAb水平的变化及意义。方法应用放射免疫分析法和酶联法对32例反复自然流产患者进行血清P、AsAb、AcA和EmAb水平检测,并与35例正常妇女作比较。结果反复自然流产患者血清孕酮(P)水平非常显著的低于正常人组(P<0.01),AsAb阳性率为78.1%(25/32),AcA阳性率为37.5%(12/32),EmAb阳性率为43.8%(14/32),与正常人组比较差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。结论血清P、AsAb、AcA和EmAb水平与反复自然流产有密切关系。