Filtrate of fermented mycelia from Antrodia camphorata reduces liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

AIM： To investigate the effects of filtrate of fermented mycelia from Antrodia camphorata （FMAC） on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCI4） in rats. METHODS： Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into control group and model group. All model rats were given 200 mL/L CCI4 （2 mL/Kg, po） twice a week for 8 wk. Four weeks after CCh treatment, thirty model rats were further divided randomly into 3 subgroups： CCh and two FMAC subgroups. Rats in CCI4 and 2 FMAC subgroups were treated with FMAC 0, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, daily via gastrogavage beginning at the fitch week and the end of the eighth week. Spleen weight, blood synthetic markers （albumin and prothrombin time） and hepatic malondialdehyde （MDA） and hydroxyproline （HP） concentrations were determined. Expression of collagen I, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases （TIMP）-1 and transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） mRNA were detected by RTPCR. Histochemical staining of Masson＇s trichrome was performed. RESULTS： CCI4 caused liver fibrosis, featuring increased prothrombin time, hepatic MDA and HP contents, and spleen weight and decreased plasma albumin level. Compared with CCh subgroup, FMAC subgroup （1 g/kg） significantly decreased the prothrombin time （36.7±7.2 and 25.1±10.2 in CCh and FMAC groups, respectively, P〈 0.05） and increased plasma albumin concentration （22.7± 1.0 and 30.7±2.5 in CCk and FMAC groups, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. Spleen weight was significantly lower in rats treated with CCh and FMAC （1 g/kg） compared to CCh treated rats only （2.7±0.1 and 2.4±0.2 in CCk and FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.05）. The amounts of hepatic MDA and HP in CCI4± FAMC （1 g/kg） subgroup were also lower thanthose in CCh subgroup （MDA： 3.9±0.1 and 2.4±0.6 in CCh and CCI4 ＋ FMAC groups, respectively, P〈 0.01; HP： 1730.7±258.0 and 1311.5±238.8 in CCI4 and CCI4＋FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.01）. Histologic examinations showed that CCI4＋FMAC subgroups had thinner or less fibrotic septa than CCh group. RT-PCR analysis indicated that FMAC （1 g/kg） reduced mRNA levels of collagen I, TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 （collagen I： 5.63±2.08 and 1.78±0.48 in CCh and CCI4＋FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.01; TIMP-1： 1.70±0.82 and 0.34±0.02 in CCh and CCI4 ＋ FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.01; TGF-β1：38.03±11.9 and 4.26±2.17 in CCh and CCI4＋FMAC groups, respectively, P〈0.01） in the CCI4-treated liver. CONCLUSION： It demonstrates that FMAC can retard the progression of liver fibrosis induced by CCh in rats.

Antrodia Cinnamomea ameliorates neointimal formation by inhibiting infl ammatory cell infi ltration through downregulation of adhesion molecule expression in vitro and in vivo

The increased vascular infl ammation is a key event in the development of atherosclerotic lesions.Antrodia cinnamomea has been shown to promote anticancerogenic activity through decreasing infl ammation.However,the potential role of A.cinnamomea in cardiovascular diseases remains unexplored.Herein,using carotid arterial ligation models,we found that ethanol extract from A.cinnamomea(EEAC)signifi cantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in a dose-dependent manner,accompanied with the reduced expression of activated p65 and infl ammatory cytokines.We also show that EEAC ameliorated TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of p65 and pro-infl ammatory cytokine expression in both vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)and macrophages in vitro.Mechanistically,EEAC suppressed expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM-1)in VSMCs,which attenuates the ability of monocytes/macrophages adhesion to VSMCs.Furthermore,the expression level of these adhesion molecules and infi ltration of monocytes/macrophages were also decreased in neointimal VSMCs of arteries pretreated with EEAC.Altogether,our results reveal a novel function of A.cinnamomea in suppressing vascular infl ammation upon ligation injury during neointimal formation,likely through inhibition of infl ammatory cell infi ltration via downregulating the adhesion molecules in VSMCs.Thus,A.cinnamomea may offer a pharmacological therapy to slow down disease progression in patients with vascular injury.

Intestinal Absorption of Ergostane and Lanostane Triterpenoids from Antrodia cinnamomea Using Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model

Antrodia cinnamomea is a precious medicinal mushroom.It exhibits promising therapeutic effects on cancer,intoxication,hypertension,hepatitis,and inflammation.Its major bioactive constituents are ergostane and lanostane triterpenoids.In this study,we used intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer model to reveal the intestinal absorption property of 14 representative triterpenoids from A.cinnamomea.The bidirectional transport through the monolayer at different time points was monitored by a fully validated LC/MS/MS method.In the case of pure compounds,ergostanes 5(25R-antcin H),6(25Santcin H)and 10(25R-antcin B)could readily pass through the Caco-2 cell layer,whereas lanostanes 13(dehydroeburicoic acid)and 14(eburicoic acid)could hardly pass through.When the cells were treated with A.cinnamomea extract,antcins A,B,C,H and K(1–6 and 9–11)were absorbed via passive transcellular diffusion,and showed high PAB and PBA values(>2.5×10^(-5) cm/s).Meanwhile,the lanostanes dehydrosulphurenic acid(8),15a-acetyldehydrosulphurenic acid(12),13 and 14 exhibited poor permeability.Transport features of these compounds were consistent with their pharmacokinetic behaviors in rats.This study could also be helpful in predicting the intestinal absorption of A.cinnamomea in human.

The protoplast two-way fusions and fusant characteristics of Antrodia cinnamomea and Cordyceps militaris

This study generated two fused protoplasts of Antrodia cinnamomea and Cordyceps militaris in two ways.The protoplasts of A.cinnamomea were inactivated by heat to inactivate biochemical processes and enzymatic activities in the cytoplasm,and the protoplasts of C.militaris were inactivated by UV radiation to invalidate their genome function,then they were fused under optimal conditions to get a fusion rate as(7.42±0.8)×10^(-6) fusants/mL;the new fusants were abbreviated as Ac-Cm.On the other hand,when A.cinnamomea and C.militaris were treated with heat and UV oppositely using similar experiments,the fusion rate was(9.70±0.68)×10^(-5) fusants/mL,and the new fusants were abbreviated as Cm-Ac.We selected each of two best-growing fused colonies Ac-Cm-1,Ac-Cm-2,Cm-Ac-1,and Cm-Ac-2,together with parental A.cinnamomea and C.militaris,and studied their morphology,growth antagonism tests,and genetic relationships by 18 S rRNA sequencing.In comparison with the initial cultures of 4 fusants,the yields of adenosine,biomass,cordycepic acid,cordycepin,total polysaccharide,and total triterpenoids were increased up 1.305-50.1563 times in the optimal medium conditions.For gene stability tests,those of the four fusants and their outputs were stabilized within 10 generations.

Research Progress in the Regulation of Tumor Cells and Tumor Stem Cells at Multiple Targets by Antrodia camphorata

Extensive in vitro and in vivo research reveals multiple intracellular molecular targets of Antrodia camphorata,and these targets affect growth,apoptosis,angiogenesis,invasion and metastasis of cells.These targets include tumor suppressor,cell cycle regulator,transcription factor,angiogenesis and metastasis factor,apoptosis and survival regulator,etc.Additionally,more and more attention has been paid to the molecular mechanism of A.camphorata on the regulation of tumor stem cells.Meanwhile,there is evidence that the immunoregulation of A.camphorata is enhanced,which may lead cell cycle arrest or apoptosis.In this paper,molecular mechanism of tumor cells and tumor stem cells regulated at multiple targets by A.camphorata in vitro and in vivo in the past decade is summarized.

Metabolites identification and quantification of antcin H in mice tumors after oral administration of the anticancer mushroom Antrodia camphorata

Objective： Antrodia camphorata （AC）, a precious medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, is popularly used for adjuvant cancer therapy. This paper aims to clarify the metabolites which are present in tumor tissues after oral administration of AC in Sarcoma-180 tumor-bearing mice, as well as their contents in tumors. Methods： Tumors of Sarcoma-180 tumor-bearing mice were obtained at 1 h and 4 h after oral administration of AC extract, and the metabolites in the tumor homogenate samples were characterized using UHPLC-orbitrap/MS analysis. Then, a fully validated LC-MS/MS method was developed for quantitative analysis of the most abundant compounds in tumor tissues, namely （25R/S）-antcin H. Results： A total of 33 compounds were characterized in tumor homogenate samples including 28 prototypes of triterpenoids and 5 metabolites. Among them, （25R）-antcin H and （25S）-antcin H had the highest contents of 2.03 and 0.66 μg/g tumor tissues for the 1 h group, and 2.04 and 0.59 μg/g tumor tissues for the 4 h group, respectively. It was obvious that （25R）-antcin H had higher tumor affinity than （25S）-antcin H, since the content of （25R）-antcin H was lower than that of （25S）-antcin H in AC extract （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： Triterpenoids can enter tumor tissues after oral administration of AC. Particularly, （25R）-antcin H showed higher exposure to tumor than （25S）-antcin H. These compounds could contribute to the anticancer activities of AC.

Convergent synthesis and immunological study of oligosaccharide derivatives related to galactomannan from Antrodia cinnamomea

The galactomannan from Antrodia cinnamomea(AC)is characterized as one of the important bioactive components that exhibits potential immunostimulatory propriety.The biological function of its corresponding oligosaccharide fragments has not been revealed yet.In this study,we reported the first chemical synthesis of the series of oligosaccharide fragments related to AC galactomannan via the convergent glycosylation strategy.The preliminary immunological evaluation of these synthesized AC oligosaccharides disclosed that the backbone tetrasaccharide 1d showed the best immunomodulatory ability on enhancing proliferation,phagocytosis and cytokines secretion of Raw264.7 macrophages in vitro,indicating its immense potential as an immunostimulant candidate.

Secondary metabolites of petri-dish cultured Antrodia camphorata and their hepatoprotective activities against alcohol-induced liver injury in mice

Antrodia camphorata, a well-known and highly valued edible medicinal mushroom with intriguing activities like liver protection, has been traditionally used for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. A. camphorata shows highly medicinal and commercial values with the demand far exceeds the available supply. Thus, the petri-dish cultured A. camphorata(PDCA) is expected to develope as a substitute. In this paper, nineteen triterpenes were isolated from PDCA, and thirteen of them were the unique anthroic acids in A. camphorata, including the main content antcin K, which suggested that PDCA produced a large array of the same anthroic acids as the wild one. Furthermore, no obvious acute toxicity was found suggesting the edible safety of PDCA. In mice alcohol-induced liver injury model, triglyceride(TG), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and malondialdehyde(MDA) had been reduced by the PDCA powder as well as the main content antcin K, which indicated that the PDCA could protect alcoholic liver injury in mice model and antcin K could be the effective component responsible for the hepatoprotective activities of PDCA against alcoholic liver diseases.

Antrodia cinnamomea exerts an anti-hepatoma effect by targeting PI3K/AKT-mediated cell cycle progression in vitro and in vivo

Antrodia cinnamomea is extensively used as a traditional medicine to prevention and treatment of liver cancer.However,its comprehensive chemical fingerprint is uncertain,and the mechanisms,especially the potential therapeutic target for anti-hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are still unclear.Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS,139 chemical components were identified in A.cinnamomea dropping pills(ACDPs).Based on these chemical components,network pharmacology demonstrated that the targets of active components were significantly enriched in the pathways in cancer,which were closely related with cell proliferation regulation.Next,HCC data was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database(GEO).The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Dis Ge NET were analyzed by bioinformatics,and 79 biomarkers were obtained.Furtherly,nine targets of ACDP active components were revealed,and they were significantly enriched in PI3 K/AKT and cell cycle signaling pathways.The affinity between these targets and their corresponding active ingredients was predicted by molecular docking.Finally,in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that ACDPs could reduce the activity of PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway and downregulate the expression of cell cycle-related proteins,contributing to the decreased growth of liver cancer.Altogether,PI3 K/AKT-cell cycle appears as the significant central node in anti-liver cancer of A.Cinnamomea.

Anti-Obesity and Anti-Hyperlipidemia Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea Mycelial Extract in High-Fructose Diet-Fed Mice

This study investigated hypolipidemic,weight-reducing,and hepatoprotective effects of Antrodia cinnamomea mycelial extract obtained from solid-state culture(ACME)in an HFr D-induced obese/hyperlipidemic mouse model.Following 4-week ACME treatment,body weight,epididymal fat index,and some serum biochemical indices were measured.Expression levels of some related genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism were analyzed by q RT-PCR.Moreover,histological studies of hepatic tissues were also conducted.After ACME treatment,body weight and epididymal fat index were significantly lower than that in model control group.ACME and simvastatin significantly reduced serum total cholesterol(T-CHO)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels,and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)level.Subsequent experiments showed that:(i)ACME regulated transcriptional expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Co A reductase(HMGR),low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR),adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL),and fatty acid synthase(FAS),with consequent reduction of blood lipid levels and body weight;(ii)ACME enhanced total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in hepatic tissues;(iii)ACME reduced malondialdehyde(MDA)level and ameliorated lipid oxidative damage in liver.Our findings indicate that ACME is a strong candidate for development as a novel anti-hyperlipidemia and anti-obesity health product.

Effects of exopolysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea on inflammation and intestinal microbiota disturbance induced by antibiotics in mice

Antrodia cinnamomea is an important edible and medicinal mushroom,and it exhibits multiple biological activities,such as hepatoprotection,antitumor,antivirus,and immunoregulation.Polysaccharides are the main products of A.cinnamomea in submerged fermentation.In this work,exopolysaccharides from A.cinnamomea(AEPS)were extracted and purified by alcohol precipitation and Sevag method.Composition analysis revealed that AEPS were primarily composed of three distinct polysaccharides with mean molecular weights of 1,013,233,and 28,743 kDa,accounting for 78%,18%,and 4%of AEPS,respectively.The AEPS haveβ-type glycosidic bonds and relatively strong resistance to digestion.In vivo experiments showed that the intragastric administration of AEPS in mice with medium dose(0.25 g/kg body weight of mice)has the following effects:remarkably alleviate lincomycin hydrochloride(LIH)-induced injuries to immune organs;enhance the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Lactobacillus,Roseburia,Ligilactobacillus,and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group in the intestinal tract;greatly reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-αin serum and the relative abundances of harmful microbes such as Enterococcus and Shigella;regulate the balance of the gut microflora;and relieve LIH-induced symptoms such as diarrhea,inflammation,and weight loss.These findings might represent a new alternative to develop novel multifunctional carbohydrate prebiotics.

脂肪酸对牛樟芝液态发酵产三萜的影响

为提高牛樟芝菌丝体产三萜类化合物的能力,以5种常见的脂肪酸为外源添加物,筛选出促进牛樟芝菌丝体生长和提高总三萜得率的最优培养基及培养方法,并对比分析空白对照组和添加脂肪酸的实验组所得菌丝体形态、发酵液颜色及黏度的差异。研究结果表明:不同脂肪酸的添加对牛樟芝菌丝体产三萜均有促进作用,其中亚麻酸对三萜生产的促进效果最强,其他脂肪酸的促进效果排序为亚油酸>油酸>硬脂酸>软脂酸;在添加亚麻酸的最优条件下(添加2.0 g/L亚麻酸、培养8 d)获得最大三萜得率为(5.0±0.1)%,是空白对照组的2.1倍。该研究方法操作容易,成本较低,效果显著,是促进牛樟芝菌丝体生长和三萜合成的有效策略,为牛樟芝三萜的规模化发酵提供参考和借鉴。

添加牛樟芝多糖和锌对麻黄肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉抗氧化能力的影响

本研究旨在探究饲粮中添加牛樟芝多糖和锌对麻黄肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肌肉品质、抗氧化能力的影响,为牛樟芝多糖和锌在肉鸡生产中的应用提供理论依据。选取35日龄健康的麻黄肉鸡公鸡180羽,随机分为如下3组:饲喂基础饲粮的对照、饲喂添加500 mg/kg牛樟芝多糖(ACP)的基础饲粮组(ACP处理)、饲喂添加500 mg/kg牛樟芝多糖+100 mg/kg锌的基础饲粮组(ACP+锌处理),每组设6个重复,每个重复设10羽鸡。试验期为28 d,其间记录鸡的生长性能相关指标;63日龄时,每个重复分别选取1~2羽鸡屠宰、采样,测定与屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉抗氧化性能相关的指标。结果显示,与对照相比,ACP、ACP+锌处理胸肌在屠宰后45 min测量所得pH值(pH45 min值)显著升高(P<0.05),且滴水损失率显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照、ACP+锌处理相比,ACP处理胸肌的咀嚼性显著升高(P<0.05)。与对照相比,ACP、ACP+锌处理胸肌中的丙二醛含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。由结果看出,在饲料中单独添加牛樟芝多糖或联合添加牛樟芝多糖+锌均可以减少肉鸡胸肌的滴水损失,调节其pH值,提高肌肉品质和肉鸡胸肌的抗氧化能力。

樟芝-太子参双向液体发酵培养基优化及效应分析

【目的】有效利用太子参根须副产物资源,提高樟芝(Antrodia camphorata)菌丝产量,促进活性成分合成。【方法】以太子参根须(粉末)作为培养基组分,Plackett-Burman试验筛选影响樟芝菌丝生长的关键成分,正交试验优化培养基组成。【结果】筛选试验结果表明,葡萄糖、酵母粉、蛋白胨及KH2PO4对樟芝菌丝生长有重要影响,正交试验优化的培养基组成为:太子参6 g·L^(−1),葡萄糖10 g·L^(−1),酵母粉4 g·L^(−1),蛋白胨6 g·L^(−1),KH_(2)PO_(4)1.5g·L^(−1)。利用优化培养基深层发酵,樟芝生物量达到4.73 g·L^(−1),与对照培养基及PDB培养基相比,胞内三萜含量分别提高2.75%和24.85%,胞外多糖分别提高161.11%和113.64%;发酵液中高密度无性孢子含量达1.8×10^(7)个·mL^(-1)。【结论】太子参适合作为樟芝双向液体发酵的药性成分,可有效促进樟芝菌丝生长、活性成分合成和无性孢子形成,是太子参根须副产物资源利用新途径。

牛樟芝的质量标准研究

目的:建立牛樟芝药材的质量标准。方法:建立牛樟芝药材性状及显微鉴别特征、水分、总灰分、黄曲霉毒素、基因序列鉴定及浸出物含量以制定相应项目的合理限度。结果:性状及显微鉴别方法专属性强,15批样品的水分、总灰分和浸出物平均值分别为13.0%、3.1%、40.4%。结论:制定的鉴别项、检查项、含量项等方法可应用于牛樟芝药材的质量控制。

牛樟树水提物中促进樟芝无性产孢的效应物鉴定及其添加量优化

为明确牛樟树水提物(aqueous extract of Cinnamomum kanehirae Hay,CWE)中促进樟芝(Antrodia cinnamomea)深层发酵无性产孢的效应物。首先,采用醇沉法及不同有机溶剂分级萃取法对CWE进行分离,并以产孢量为检测指标,考察不同组分对樟芝无性产孢的影响。结果表明,30μg/mL的CWE醇沉上清氯仿萃取物LFE和50μg/mL的醇沉上清乙酸乙酯萃取物YZE对樟芝无性产孢有明显的促进效果,且LFE的促进效果明显优于YZE,表明效应物主要存在于LFE和YZE中。随后,采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪对CWE不同萃取组分进行成分分析,并结合不同组分对樟芝产孢的影响效果,确定主要效应物为赤藓糖醇。最后,考察赤藓糖醇(纯度98%)对樟芝深层发酵性能的影响,结果表明,赤藓糖醇对樟芝无性产孢有显著促进效果,且在最佳添加量(1.0μg/mL)下,产孢量较对照组提高55.17%;同时,1.0μg/mL赤藓糖醇显著促进樟芝深层发酵菌丝体生长及胞内多糖的合成,生物量和胞内多糖产量较对照组分别提高18.65%和260.13%,但对三萜的合成无显著影响。

三种单萜对皿式培养樟芝三萜合成的影响

三萜是药食用真菌樟芝野生子实体中主要的活性成分之一,但是人工皿式培养的樟芝菌丝体中三萜含量较低。为了提高樟芝皿式培养三萜的产量,该研究在培养基中添加了3种单萜作为刺激因子。通过添加浓度的优化,得到了对生物量具有显著促进作用的添加方式是0.08 g/L的α-松油醇;对三萜产率具有显著促进作用的最佳添加方式为0.16 g/L的松油烯、0.08 g/L的α-松油醇以及0.12 g/L的4-萜烯醇,三萜产率分别较对照组提高了55.68%、50.39%和28.56%;且在添加0.16 g/L的松油烯时,有两种三萜(去氢硫色多孔菌酸和去氢齿孔菌酸)在樟芝菌丝体中的含量显著升高,分别较对照组提高了5.56倍和0.96倍,在添加0.08 g/L的α-松油醇时,去氢硫色多孔菌酸的含量显著升高,较对照组提高了3.20倍。该研究发现了3种可以促进樟芝皿式培养三萜生成的单萜,为樟芝皿式培养提供了新的思路。

2种樟树叶片基质添加对牛樟芝三萜含量及抗氧化活性影响

比较分析在大米培养基中添加2种樟树不同浓度叶片匀浆对牛樟芝三萜含量及抗氧化活性的影响,筛选出最适的培养条件,为牛樟芝人工培养及樟属植物资源开发利用提供参考。以大米培养基为对照,分别添加0、0.5、1、2、3、4 g共6个浓度的牛樟和香樟叶片匀浆基质,测量了6种不同处理下牛樟芝的生长特性及三萜含量,并比较其对DPPH自由基清除能力和总还原能力,以评价牛樟芝的抗氧化活性。结果表明:不同浓度的牛樟和香樟叶片匀浆基质添加均能显著提高牛樟芝的生长和生物活性,各处理分别在9~27 d完成高峰生长。经过生长特性因子综合评价得出,在大米培养基中添加3 g香樟基质显著促进了牛樟芝的生长,较对照提高了4倍,为促进牛樟芝生长的最优处理;添加1 g牛樟基质显著提高了牛樟芝的三萜含量、DPPH清除能力及总还原能力,较对照分别提高了5.2、15.8和23倍,为提高牛樟芝三萜含量及抗氧化活性的最优处理。

牛樟芝培养物对产蛋高峰后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清抗氧化指标的影响

试验旨在探究牛樟芝培养物对产蛋高峰后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清抗氧化指标的影响。选取体况和产蛋性能相近的处于产蛋高峰后期(400日龄)海兰白蛋鸡288只,随机分为4组,分别为对照组及牛樟芝低、中、高剂量组。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,牛樟芝低、中、高剂量组蛋鸡分别在基础饲粮中添加50、100 mg/kg和200 mg/kg牛樟芝培养物。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,牛樟芝培养物组产蛋率、日均采食量和日均产蛋重均略有提高,50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg牛樟芝培养物组料蛋比略有降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);牛樟芝培养物对蛋品质无显著影响(P>0.05);随牛樟芝培养物添加量的增加暗红色肝脏占比逐渐增大,200 mg/kg牛樟芝培养物组暗红色肝脏占比达到83.33%;随牛樟芝培养物添加量的增加,蛋鸡肝脏组织切片病变情况得以减轻或消失;200 mg/kg牛樟芝培养物组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量显著高于50 mg/kg组和对照组(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);饲粮中添加50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg牛樟芝培养物,72只蛋鸡饲喂28 d分别可以额外获得34.4元和58.4元利润。综上所述,牛樟芝培养物可改善产蛋高峰后期蛋鸡生产性能,减少蛋鸡脂肪肝发生率,改善血清抗氧化指标,并增加养殖户的养殖收益,其中以牛樟芝100 mg/kg组经济效益最好。

牛樟芝总三萜提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

牛樟芝是我国台湾特有的珍稀药食两用真菌,含有丰富活性成分,具有抗癌、抗肿瘤和保肝等多种药理作用,三萜类化合物被认为是牛樟芝中的重要药用物质,不同提取工艺对牛樟芝总三萜得率影响不同.为探究牛樟芝总三萜最佳提取工艺及其抗氧化活性.选取不同提取溶剂、温度、时间、液料比,采用单因素试验方法和正交试验方法探究不同因素对牛樟芝总三萜得率的影响,并通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析不同溶剂提取工艺之间的成分差异,比较分析其抗氧化活性.结果表明,牛樟芝总三萜提取最佳工艺为:二氯甲烷为提取溶剂、液料比1∶320 g·mL^(-1)、45℃提取5 h.在此条件下,牛樟芝总三萜得率为10.16±0.077 6%,通过HPLC分析,所得粗提物成分丰富且具有较好的抗氧化活性,其中DPPH清除能力的IC50值达0.137 6,总还原能力达58.03%.通过对牛樟芝提取工艺优化显著提高了牛樟芝总三萜得率,为牛樟芝活性成分提取、化合物分离及开发利用提供理论参考.