Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with habit reversal training on anxiety disorders in children with Tourette’s syndrome

BACKGROUND Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)and habit reversal training(HRT)have shown application potential in addressing tic symptoms and comorbid psychiatric conditions.Despite their theoretical potential,empirical evidence on their combined efficacy remains limited.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of CBT combined with HRT on anxiety disorders in children with Tourette’s syndrome(TS).METHODS Clinical data of children with TS admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were collected,and the patients were grouped into the conventional therapy(control)group and the CBT combined with HRT group.Baseline charac-teristics,anxiety scores,tic severity scores,treatment adherence,and parental satisfaction were assessed.Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests,chi-square tests,and correlation analysis.RESULTS A total of 136 patients,including 65 patients in the control group and 71 patients in the CBT combined with HRT group,were included.The CBT combined with HRT group showed remarkable improvements compared with the control group.Post-intervention assessment revealed a decrease in anxiety scores from 63.52±1.81 to 40.53±1.64(t=2.022,P=0.045),and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale total score decreased from 22.14±5.67 to 16.28±4.91(t=2.288,P=0.024).Treatment adherence was significantly higher in the CBT combined with HRT group(85.47±7.62%)compared with the control group(82.32±6.54%;t=2.596,P=0.010).Parental satisfaction scores were also higher in the CBT combined with HRT group(8.69±1.77)compared with the control group(7.87±1.92;t=2.592,P=0.011).CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that CBT combined with HRT significantly reduces anxiety symptoms and tic severity in children with TS,with higher treatment adherence and parental satisfaction.These findings support the potential application of this comprehensive therapeutic approach for TS treatment.

Study on the mechanism of SND in the treatment of anxiety disorders based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experiment validation

Background:Sini decoction(SND)is a classic traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulation that can be used to treat anxiety-related disorders,but the active substance and underlying molecular mechanism of its anxiolytic effects are unknown.In this study,network pharmacology,molecular docking research and experimental verification methods were used to preliminarily explore the bioactive compounds and potential target mechanisms of SND anxiolytic.Methods:The active components and corresponding targets of SND were collected by TCMSP.GeneCards,OMIM,PharmGkb,TTD and Drugbank were used to search for the targets of anxiety disorders.The core target of SND in the treatment of anxiety was screened by PPI.R language was used to analyze the intersection targets of SND in the treatment of anxiety disorders by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.AutoDock Vina was used for molecular docking,and Discovery Studio was used for visual conformation analysis after docking.The anti-anxiety effect and molecular mechanism of SND were studied by in vivo experiment.Results:Based on network pharmacological analysis,we obtained 112 active ingredients and 350 effective targets related to anxiety from SND.In PPI analysis,26 targets such as STAT3,MAPK3,MAPK1,MAPK14,SRC,HSP90AA1,TP53 and PIK3CA were identified as core targets.GO and KEGG analysis showed that the anxiolytic mechanism of SND may be related to the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and inflammatory pathway.Molecular docking showed that quercetin,naringenin,licochalcone A had high affinity with JAK2,MAPK14 and MAPK3.Animal experiments have shown that SND reverses the upregulation of GluN2B(NMDAR)and GluA1(AMPAR)proteins,and SND improves anxiety disorders by regulating glutamate transmitter levels,which may be related to neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways,particularly glutamate receptors.Conclusion:This study shows that SND can improve FS-induced behavioral changes in mice and can modulate hippocampal synapse-associated protein defects,partially reversing glutamate receptor expression through the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway,and further improved anxiety disorders.At the same time,combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking,the key components,core targets and related pathways of SND are discussed,which shows that the active components of SND play an effective role in anxiety through multi-targets and multi-pathways,which provides a reference for the material basis and mechanism of SND.

Risk factors and digital interventions for anxiety disorders in college students:Stakeholder perspectives

The worldwide prevalence of anxiety disorders among college students is high,which negatively affects countries,schools,families,and individual students to varying degrees.This paper reviews the relevant literature regarding risk factors and digital interventions for anxiety disorders among college students from the perspectives of different stakeholders.Risk factors at the national and societal levels include class differences and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.College-level risk factors include the indoor environment design of the college environment,peer relationships,student satisfaction with college culture,and school functional levels.Family-level risk factors include parenting style,family relationship,and parental level of education.Individual-level risk factors include biological factors,lifestyle,and personality.Among the intervention options for college students'anxiety disorders,in addition to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy,mindfulness-based interventions,psychological counseling,and group counseling,digital mental health interventions are increasingly popular due to their low cost,positive effect,and convenient diagnostics and treatment.To better apply digital intervention to the prevention and treatment of college students'anxiety,this paper suggests that the different stakeholders form a synergy among themselves.The nation and society should provide necessary policy guarantees,financial support,and moral and ethical supervision for the prevention and treatment of college students'anxiety disorders.Colleges should actively participate in the screening and intervention of college students'anxiety disorders.Families should increase their awareness of college students'anxiety disorders and take the initiative to study and understand various digital intervention methods.College students with anxiety disorders should actively seek psychological assistance and actively accept and participate in digital intervention projects and services.We believe that in the future,the application of methods such as big data and artificial intelligence to improve digital interventions and provide individualized treatment plans will become the primary means of preventing and treating anxiety disorders among college students.

Recent advances in anxiety disorders:Focus on animal models and pathological mechanisms

Anxiety disorders have become one of the most severe psychiatric disorders,and the incidence is increasing every year.They impose an extraordinary personal and socioeconomic burden.Anxiety disorders are influenced by multiple complex and interacting genetic,psychological,social,and environmental factors,which contribute to disruption or imbalance in homeostasis and eventually cause pathologic anxiety.The selection of a suitable animal model is important for the exploration of disease etiology and pathophysiology,and the development of new drugs.Therefore,a more comprehensive understanding of the advantages and limitations of existing animal models of anxiety disorders is helpful to further study the underlying pathological mechanisms of the disease.This review summarizes animal models and the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders,and discusses the current research status to provide insights for further study of anxiety disorders.

Significance of music therapy in treating depression and anxiety disorders among people with cancer

Globally,cancer cases and mortality have recently escalated and have attracted global concern.The clinical diagnosis and manifestation of cancer can result in significant mental health issues like depression and anxiety disorders.The tendency of people with cancer to suffer from psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression is usually high.A significant number of deaths related to cancer may likely not be from the killer disease but from psychological disorders associated with the illness.The utilization of music as a remedial approach to healing mental disorders cannot be overstated.Thus,identifying the impacts of music therapy in dealing with depression and anxiety disorders among people with cancer is relevant,as the majority of methods used in treating cancer have some side effects which may trigger psychological disorders in cancer patients.Ultimately,this study explored the significance of music therapy in treating depression and anxiety disorders among people with cancer.To achieve the aim of this study,the authors employed a narrative literature review to investigate the significance of music therapy in addressing depression and anxiety disorders among people with cancer.The type of literature review employed in this study is to provide an understanding of the selected research papers.The review found that music therapy significantly reduces depression and anxiety disorders among breast cancer,lung cancer,prostate cancer,and colorectal cancer patients.It is needful for healthcare providers to incorporate music therapy interventions while treating people with cancer.This will help reduce cancer deaths resulting from psychological disorders rather than the killer disease,cancer.However,the standardized procedures and evaluation criteria for applying music-based intervention strategies in oncology medicine still need to be further established and improved.

Psychological Nursing Combined with Biofeedback to Promote the Rehabilitation of Patients with Anxiety Disorders

Objective:To explore the effect of psychological nursing combined with biofeedback on the rehabilitation of patients with anxiety disorders.Methods:100 patients with anxiety disorders in our hospital from January to December 2021 were randomly divided into two groups:control group(n=50)and study group(n=50).The control group was given routine nursing,while the study group was given psychological nursing combined with biofeedback.The changes of self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)score,self-rating depression scale(SDS)score,symptom score,and quality of life of the two groups were compared before and after nursing.Results:Before nursing,there was no significant difference in the scores of SAS and SDS between the two groups,but after nursing,the scores of SAS and SDS in the study group were lower than those in the control group,and the degree of improvement in the study group was higher than that of the control group.Before nursing,there was no significant difference in the scores of symptoms between the two groups(P>0.05),but after nursing,the scores of stress,crying spells,tremor,and general discomfort in the study group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Besides,before nursing,there was no significant difference in the quality of life between the two groups(P>0.05),but after nursing,the scores of physical function,psychological activity,social ability,and material life in the study group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,the degree of improvement after nursing in the study group was better than that of the control group.Conclusion:Psychological nursing combined with biofeedback to promote the rehabilitation of patients with anxiety disorders effectively improves the negative emotion of patients,reduces stress,depression,tremor,and general discomfort,and improve the overall quality of life.Therefore,it is worth further popularization.

Central choroidal thickness in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders:enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography findings

AIM:To measure the central choroidal thickness(ChT)in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders.METHODS:Totally 41 anxiety patients(8-16 y)and 35 healthy controls(age-matched)were evaluated.Complete ophthalmic examination was performed.Inclusion criteria were best corrected visual acuity≥20/20,normal intraocular pressure(IOP;10-21 mm Hg),and no systemic or ocular diseases according to history.The diagnosis of psychiatric disorders was determined using Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children Present-Lifetime Version(K-SADS-PL).Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT)was used to measure the central ChT.RESULTS:The mean age was 12.18±3.24 y in the patient group and 12.86±3.15 y in the control group.Age and gender distribution of the two groups was similar.Central ChT mean value was 353.26±31.9μm in anxiety patients while 318.75±60.9μm in the control group.Mean central ChT was statistically significantly higher in the children and adolescents with anxiety disorders than healthy controls(P=0.002).CONCLUSION:The children and adolescents with anxiety disorders have significantly thicker central ChT than controls.In the larger sample,longitudinal studies will contribute to the use of choroidal differences as a clinical marker for monitoring anxiety disorders.

A Review of Stressors as Inducer for Personality Disorders and Anxiety Disorders

Personality Disorders(PDs)and Anxiety Disorders(ADs)are common mental disorders.PDs are often more or less related to anxiety and ADs are affected by Personality Functioning(PF).To clarify the pathology of both ADs and PDs,along with their similarities and differences,the literature review by paired keywords search on NCBI PubMed and subsequent analysis are used.The findings support that abnormal stressors can damage the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal(HPA)axis time by time throughout life through the epigenetic pathway,lowering down the ability of the stress system to deal with stressors.Biological basis,like the genetic issue,for PDs,is important but after-born experience also matters a lot.Adjoint stressful long-term memory may largely affect normal personality formation,contributing to some kinds of PDs.It seems that early exposure to these stressors influences PDs more,compared to ADs.More researches are needed to explore the effect on ADs from later life stress.This study partially explained the process of ADs and PDs,linked them by abnormal stressors,and emphasized the importance of focusing on the effect of stressful long-term memory formation,which is psychological,and the HPA axis disability,which is biological,on patients having these diseases,reminds psychiatrist to treat disease at the source,to lower down the potential risk of getting PDs in patients who are diagnosed with ADs,to prevent arouse of ADs in patients who are diagnosed with PDs and to combine biological treatment with psychological therapies.

Meta analysis on the effectiveness of auricular therapy combined with modern medicine in the treatment of depression/anxiety disorders in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective:We used meta-analysis to explore the clinical efficacy of auricular point therapy combined with modern medicine in improving depression/anxiety in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods:We searched CNKI,Wanfang,Weipu,CBM,The Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase through computer to build a randomized controlled trials of auricular therapy combined with modern medicine in the treatment of depression/anxiety disorders in China and abroad since 2022.Two evaluators independently screened the studies,extracted and cross-checked the key data in the studies independently after determining the included studies,and then evaluated the quality of the studies respectively.Finally,we used RevMan 5.3 platform for statistical processing of data.Results:This meta-analysis included a total of 12 clinical randomized controlled trials,including a total of 899 patients.The results showed that the observation group was more effective in reducing the scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale,self rating Anxiety Scale,self rating Depression Scale,Pittsburgh sleep quality index score of maintenance hemodialysis patients.In addition,there was no statistical difference between the observation group and the control group in improving the total clinical effective rate.Conclusion:The observation group has a more obvious effect on the improvement of anxiety or depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients.However,due to the limitation of the quantity and quality of the included studies,the real efficacy of auricular therapy combined with modern medicine in improving anxiety or depression disorder after maintenance hemodialysis still needs to be supported by more carefully designed and standardized multi-center,large-sample clinical studies.

Predictive effect of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder

BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a relatively common mental disorder.Recently,inflammation,an important factor for the development of depression,has attracted increasing attention.Several studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines can affect the pathophysiological processes of several nervous system diseases.We hypothesized that there is a correlation between the levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and the clinical symptoms of GAD.AIM To investigate the predictive effect of LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of GAD.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 89 patients with GAD diagnosed at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2022 to December 2022 and 70 individuals without anxiety and depression(controls)during the same period were included.Fasting venous blood was collected from all the subjects in heparin tubes,and another 3 ml of blood was supplemented with LPS(10 ng/ml).The plasma levels of 12 cytokines[Interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interferon(IFN)-γ,IL-17A,IL-12p70,and IFN-α]were detected.RESULTS Post-LPS stimulation,the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αin both the control and GAD groups were significantly elevated above those in the nonstimulated groups,with IL-6 and IL-8 showing marked increases.Increases in IL-8 and TNF-αwere statistically significant in the GAD group(P<0.05).IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αwere found to be significantly correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)scores(P<0.05).A negative correlation was observed between IL-10 levels and HAMA scores.Further analysis revealed that TNF-αwas associated with mental anxiety,whereas IL-1β,IL-8,and IL-10 were associated with physical anxiety symptoms,with IL-10 showing a negative correlation with physical anxiety.IL-6 was associated with both mental and physical aspects of anxiety.CONCLUSION The physical symptoms of GAD are related to inflammatory factors.IL-1β,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-a can be used as predictors of physical or mental anxiety in patients with GAD.

Clinical-DNA Correlates of Anxiety in Patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Introduction: Anxiety disorders have a lifetime prevalence of 34% with a similar level of heritability (31%) yet lack objective markers that could differentiate patients with underlying conditions. Up to 60%-70% of patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have anxiety that meets criteria of generalized anxiety disorder, their clinical-DNA findings worth examining as biomarkers for patients with generalized anxiety. Method: Of the 1899 patients diagnosed with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 1261 were systematically evaluated for 80 history and 40 physical findings and separated into 826 who reported anxiety and 435 who did not. The most consistently reported or management-directing 60 of these clinical findings were, along with variations in genes relevant to these disorders, examined for association with anxiety. Results: Among the 30 anxiety- associated findings judged most predictive of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in patients with anxiety were expected ones of adrenergic stimulation (difficulty concentrating-87% frequency and 1.26 anxiety/no anxiety ratio;chronic fatigue-84%, 1.17;sleep issues 69%, 1.52 that are criteria for generalized anxiety disorder) or of cholinergic suppression (e.g., frequent nausea 64%, 1.26). Less associated but more discriminating for underlying disease were those reflective of neuromuscular impact (e.g., chronic daily headaches 76%, 1.12);hypermobility (e.g., awareness of flexibility 72%, 1.03), or skin changes (e.g., elasticity around jaw 71%, 1.06). Anxiety-associated DNA variants included 54 of 88 in collagen type I/V/VII/IX genes, 14 of 16 in sodium channel SCN9A/10A/ 11A genes, 59 of 85 in POLG/MT-DNA genes, and 21 of 28 in profilaggrin- FLG genes that respectively impacted tissue laxity, sensory neural, autonomic-mitochondrial, and autonomic-inflammatory functions. Conclusion: Analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome selected some 50 clinical-DNA findings useful for its diagnosis in those with generalized anxiety disorders.

Acupuncture Treatment for 157 Cases of Anxiety Neurosis

Anxiety neurosis, a mental disorder characterized mainly by extensive anxiety or paroxysmal panic, is often seen in females in their 40s.

Predictors of long-term anxiety and depression in discharged COVID-19 patients:A follow-up study

BACKGROUND Patients who were hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)faced an extremely stressful experience that challenged their mental health and the longterm effects are not definitely known yet.AIM To identify both the course of mental symptoms(anxiety and depressive symptoms)and the related risk factors of recovered patients at the 20-22 mo follow-up.METHODS One hundred and seventy-two patients were enrolled.The patients were evaluated with a telepsychiatry interview and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS).Sociodemographic and clinical features were analyzed by regression analysis.RESULTS The mean HADS-Anxiety(HADS-A)score was 9.08±4.90,and the mean HADSDepression(HADS-D)score was 8.55±4.39.The mean HADS-A(P=0.484)and HADS-D(P=0.011)scores were increased compared to scores during hospitalization.Being over 50 years old,having lower financial status,and being vaccinated were associated with symptoms of depression(adjusted R2=0.168)while being over 50 years old,female sex,being vaccinated,and dyspnea were associated with higher anxiety(adjusted R2=0.245).CONCLUSION To prevent the deterioration of mental health,psychiatrists should play an active role in identifying emerging mental problems as soon as possible,more vulnerable groups should be characterized,and psychological support should be sustained after discharge.

SARS-CoV-2 consequences for mental health:Neuroinflammatory pathways linking COVID-19 to anxiety and depression

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has been linked to an increased prevalence of mental health disorders,particularly anxiety and depression.Moreover,the COVID-19 pandemic has caused stress in people worldwide due to several factors,including fear of infection;social isolation;difficulty in adapting to new routines;lack of coping methods;high exposure to social media,misinformation,and fake reports;economic impact of the measures implemented to slow the contagion and concerns regarding the disease pathogenesis.COVID-19 patients have elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α,and other inflammation-related factors.Furthermore,invasion of the central nervous system by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)may potentially contribute to neuroinflammatory alterations in infected individuals.Neuroinflammation,a consequence of psychological stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic,may also play a role in the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the general population.Considering that neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety,this study investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on mental health and focused on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the neuroinflammatory pathways.

Attribution retraining group therapy for outpatients with major depression disorder,generalized anxiety disorder,and obsessive-compulsive disorder:a pilot study

The aim of this present study is to examine the efficacy of attribution retraining group therapy （ARGT） and to compare the responses of outpatients with major depression disorder （MDD）, generalized anxiety disorder （GAD） and obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD）. We carried out a prospective uncontrolled intervention study with a 8-weeks of ARGT on sixty three outpatients with MDD, GAD or OCD. Hamilton rating scale for depression, Hamilton rating scale for anxiety, Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale, attribution style questionnaire, self-esteem scale, index of well-being, and social disability screening schedule were administered before and after treatment. Significant improvement in symptoms and psychological and social functions from pre- to posttreatment occurred for all participants. The changes favored MDD patients. Our study suggested that ARGT may improve the symptoms and psychological-social functions of MDD, GAD, and OCD patients. MDD patients showed the best response.

Characterization of event-related potentials in obsessive compulsive disorder patients: Comparison with depression and generalized anxiety disorder patients

BACKGROUND： Study results of event-refated potential in obsessive compulsive disorder （OCD） remain controversial, potentially as a result of different instruments utilized and their differing technical characteristics. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the differences in several common event-related potentials, Le. contingent negative variations, P300, and mismatch negativity （MMN）, in OCD patients, depression patients, generalized anxiety disorder （GAD） patients, and healthy controls. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A case-control study was performed in the Department of Electrophysiology, Shanghai Mental Health Center from May 2002 to December 2005. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 38 OCD patients, 20 depression patients, and 18 GAD patients, who were diagnosed according to the criteria of Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders （Version 3）, formulated by the Chinese Psychiatry Association, were selected from the Outpatient Department of Shanghai Mental Health Center. Patients with two or more the above diseases were excluded. In addition, 28 healthy people, gender and age matched, were selected as controls. METHODS： Contingent negative variations, P300, and MMN were recorded by a Nicolet Spirit Instrument. All electrodes were attached at Cz according to the Intemationa11020 system, with the mastoid leads as reference and Fpz as ground. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Amplitude and latency of contingent negative variations, P300, and MMN. RESULTS： The contingent negative variations, P300, and MMN were different （P 〈 0.01）. OCD patients showed an increased MI amplitude compared with controls, depression, and GAD patients （P 〈 0.01）. Target P300 amplitudes were significantly lower in OCD, depression, and GAD patients compared with controls （P 〈 0.01）. Moreover, N2 latency and latency of MMN were prolonged in OCD and depression groups compared with controls （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Event-related potentials were different in depression, GAD, and OCD patients and healthy controls. In particular, OCD patients exhibited unique characteristics.

48 CASES OF ANXIETY SYNDROME TREATED BY MASSAGE

The anxiety syndrome is routinely treated with tranquilizing agents and psychological therapy. Although certain clinical effects can be obtained, some patients may experience an ever increasing listlessness and fatigue owing to the long-term dependence on the drugs, seriously interfering with their studies, work or daily life. In

The effects of coloring therapy on patients with generalized anxiety disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)has harmful effects on physical and mental health and quality of life.Coloring therapy has been reported to have a positive effect on improving patient anxiety and depression.But there are no reported clinical trials examining their effectiveness as a treatment for GAD.This study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of coloring therapy combined with conventional therapy in improving anxiety,depression,and positive and negative emotions with GAD.This randomized controlled study comprising 88 GAD patients was selected for intervention in different wards.The control group(n=45)was given conventional antianxiety medication and physical therapy,and the experimental group(n=43)received coloring therapy combined with conventional therapy.The Self-Rating Depression Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Hamilton Depression Scale,Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),and Positive and Negative Affect Scale were assessed in both groups before and 3 weeks after the intervention.After the intervention,there were statistical differences in intra-and inter-group comparisons of anxiety,depression,and positive and negative mood scales in the experimental and control groups(p<.05).The minus in anxiety/positive emotions pre-and postintervention in the experimental group was statistically significant compared to that in anxiety/positive emotions pre-and postintervention in the control group(HAMA:d=1.45,95%confidence interval[CI](0.34,2.57),p=.011;SAS:d=3.87,95%CI(1.73,6.00),p=.001;positive:d=1.76,95%CI(0.17,3.34),p=.030).The minus in depressive/negative emotions pre-and postintervention in the experimental group was not statistically significant compared with that in depressive/negative emotions pre-and postintervention in the control group(p>.05).For GAD patients,adding coloring therapy based on conventional drug therapy and physical therapy can not only reduce depression and negative emotions but also have better effects on reducing anxiety and improving positive emotions than conventional therapy.

Frequency of Depression and Anxiety among Tuberculosis Patients

Objective: The aim of present study was to determine the frequency of depression and anxiety among tuberculosis patients. Methods: It was a descriptive study that had investigated the co-morbidity of depression and anxiety among tuberculosis patients with reference to gender. This study was conducted in Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre—Chest ward (TB clinic) from July 2014 to September 2014. Hundred diagnosed patients of tuberculosis (50 males and 50 females) were randomly selected. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) were used to assess the level of anxiety and depression. Results: Findings indicated that 56% tuberculosis (TB) patients had moderate to severe level of depression, whereas 65% TB patients had moderate to severe level of anxiety. Female patients had significantly high prevalence of depression as compared to males (t = –2.173, P –3.468, P Conclusion: Likelihood of depression and anxiety was frequent in tuberculosis patients. However, better management of these psychiatric morbidities may improve treatment adherence, illness perception and patient coping skills.

Efficacy of Wendan Decoction series for coronary heart disease with anxiety and depression:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of Wendan Decoction series combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of coronary heart disease complicated with anxiety and depression.Methods:We searched four Chinese databases including CNKI,WanFang,VIP,SinoMed,and five English databases of PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,EMBASE,Springer Link for clinical randomized controlled trials of using Wendan Decoction series in the treatment of coronary heart disease complicated with anxiety and depression.Time range for searching was from the establishment of these databases to January 2022.Then we screened the retrieved literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and conducted data extraction and quality evaluation of the selected literature.Meta analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:A total of 13 RCT studies and 1007 patients with coronary heart disease complicated with anxiety and depression were included.Meta-analysis showed that Wendan Decoction series combined with conventional western medicine treatment showed better effects in the improvement rate of clinical anxiety[RR=1.21,95%CI=(1.12,1.31),P<0.00001],the improvement rate of depression[RR=1.30,95%CI=(1.10,1.53),P=0.002],the improvement rate of angina pectoris[RR=1.28,95%CI=(1.13,1.44),P<0.0001],increasing the ECG improvement rate[RR=1.29,95%CI=(1.07,1.55),P=0.008],increasing the rate of reducing nitroglycerin usage[RR=1.68,95%CI=(1.25,2.25,P=0.0006],as well as increasing the improvement rate of TCM symptoms[RR=1.15,95%CI=(1.04,1.26),P=0.004].It also showed better effects in reducing clinical anxiety and depression scores(SAS,SDS,HAMA,HAMD),SAQ scores and TCM symptom scores.The differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:Wendan Decoction series combined with conventional western medicine shows advantages in treating coronary heart disease patients complicated with anxiety and depression in reducing the angina pectoris score,anxiety and depression score,as well as improving the clinical TCM symptoms.