个旧地区芦笋及其种植地土壤重金属污染评价

本试验测定了个旧周边地区11个芦笋种植点的芦笋及其种植地土壤中重金属Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu的含量,并用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对芦笋种植地土壤重金属的污染情况进行评价。结果表明:11个采样点的芦笋样品中的Pb含量均超过国家蔬菜限量标准,Cr、Cu含量均在国家蔬菜限量标准范围内,A5和A6采样点的芦笋样品中的Zn含量超过国家蔬菜限量标准;就土壤重金属含量而言,除A3采样点土壤中的Cu含量偏高,污染指数为轻微污染外,其余采样点土壤中的Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu含量均在国家土壤背景值范围内,未受重金属污染。

气候因素对土壤有机质组成和性质的影响

云南省哀牢山徐家坝自然保护区不同海拔的土壤有机质组成和性质与气候因素的相关分析结果表明，土壤有机质的组成（Ｈ／Ｆ），胡敏酸的光学特征（Ｅ＿４／Ｅ＿６）和ＣａＣｌ＿２的絮凝极限（ＦＬ值），除ＦＬ和Ｅ＿４／Ｅ＿６与年均降雨量不呈显著相关关系外，其它数值均与年均温、≥１０℃积温和年均降雨量呈显著（ｐ＜０．０１，ｎ＝７）的相关关系，并服从一元二次方程Ｙ＝Ａ＋ＢＸ＋ＣＸ￣２．由此证明了气候因素对土壤有机质组成和胡敏酸的性质有显著的影响。

影响水泥土强度的综合含水量研究

通过水泥加固土的一系列室内试验和现场测试以及水泥土硬化机理中水的作用研究,分析影响水泥土性能的因素并着重分析含水量对水泥加固土性能的影响,揭示了上海软土地区综合含水量是影响水泥土加固效果的关键因素,针对上海饱和软粘土地区水泥土加固工程,提出在不增加水泥用量的情况下,通过改进施工工艺技术,控制综合含水量的方法来提高水泥土加固效果,从而在深基坑等工程应用中充分发挥坑内加固水泥土控制变形的作用及工程效益。

Dissolution of Humic Substances from Highly Humic Volcanic Ash Soil as Affected by Anionic Surfactant, Electrolyte Concentration and pH

Dissolved humic substances separated from soils play an important role in the material cycle because they adsorb nutrients and contaminants and move with water. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of anionic surfactant, pH and electrolyte concentration on the dissolution of humic substances from a highly humic volcanic ash soil. The soil used in the experiment has a negative charge and the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, has also the negative charge. The absorbance of supernatant of soil solution at different surfactant concentration and different electrolyte concentration (0.001 M, 0.01 M, 0.1 M & 0.5 M) of NaCl at pH 4.5 and 6.5 was measured at the wave-length of 400 nm;this corresponds to the relative concentration of dissolved humic substances. The surfactant adsorption and its equilibrium concentration under the same solution condition of the absorbance measurement were also measured in order to get their effect on dissolved humic substances. The zeta potential of soil particles was measured in order to evaluate the influence of electrostatic potential on dissolution of humic substances. The concentration of dissolved humic substances increased at higher surfactant concentration and adsorption, at higher pH and at lower electrolyte concentration, because the electrostatic repulsive force between the soil particles and the dissolving humic substances became larger. Therefore, surfactant concentration and adsorption, pH and electrolyte concentration are important when considering the fate of humic substances in soils.

石油与天然气地质与勘探开发措施

石油天然气的地质勘探开发目的是为了获得最佳的油气产能而进行的地质研究工作。石油天然气地质勘探工作具有非常重要的意义,通过地质勘探获得有价值的地层信息资料,对储层油气的显示进行评价和分析,确定具有工业开采价值,才能投入开发生产,为油田创造最佳的经济效益。