Rates, predictors, and causes of readmission after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)is a revolutionary procedure for severe aortic stenosis.The coexistence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)and TAVR introduces a challenge that significantly impacts patient outcomes.AIM To define readmission rates,predictors,and causes after TAVR procedure in CKD stage 1-4 patients.METHODS We used the national readmission database 2018 and 2020 to look into readmission rates,causes and predictors after TAVR procedure in patients with CKD stage 1-4.RESULTS Out of 24758 who underwent TAVR and had CKD,7892(32.4%)patients were readmitted within 90 days,and had higher adjusted odds of being females(adjusted odds ratio:1.17,95%CI:1.02-1.31,P=0.02)with longer length of hospital stay>6 days,and more comorbidities including but not limited to diabetes mellitus,anemia,and congestive heart failure(CHF).CONCLUSION Most common causes of readmission included CHF(18.0%),sepsis,and complete atrioventricular block.Controlling readmission predictors with very close followup is warranted to prevent such high rate of readmission.

Delayed Coronary Ostial Stenosis after Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement and Root Enlargement Treated with Beating Heart On-Pump CABG

Coronary ostial stenosis after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is a rare but potentially fatal complication. Surgeons must have a high level of vigilance regarding the presentation of acute myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, and heart failure after AVR. According to most reports, this event can be time-dependent divided into two groups;early acute phase that mostly happens intraoperative during weaning of CPB or in early ICU stay, and late presentation usually appears 1 - 6 months post surgery. Here, we describe an unusual subacute presentation of right coronary ostial stenosis 12 days after SAVR, which was treated successfully with redo beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Three-dimensional printing for heart diseases: clinical application review

Heart diseases remain the top threat to human health,and the treatment of heart diseases changes with each passing day.Convincing evidence shows that three-dimensional(3D)printing allows for a more precise understanding of the complex anatomy associated with various heart diseases.In addition,3D-printed models of cardiac diseases may serve as effective educational tools and for hands-on simulation of surgical interventions.We introduce examples of the clinical applications of different types of 3D printing based on specific cases and clinical application scenarios of 3D printing in treating heart diseases.We also discuss the limitations and clinically unmet needs of 3D printing in this context.

Infective endocarditis and thoracic aortic disease: A review on forgotten psychological aspects

AIM To summarize the current evidence on psychological issues in thoracic aortic disease(TAD) and infective endocarditis(IE) setting. METHODS We performed a narrative review about psychological issues in adults with IE and TAD. Through the electronic databases, Pub Med and Psyc INFO, we searched full manuscripts in English and published until September 1, 2014. RESULTS We found sixteen studies exploring psychological issues in patients with IE(six studies) and in TAD(ten papers). Psychological issues assessed were quality of life, depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder. Quality of life was explored in IE(four papers) and in TAD(eight papers). Depression and anxiety were analyzed in TAD only(five papers). Post-traumatic stress disorder was assessed in IE(one study). Quality of life was found impaired in three of four studies about IE and in three of eight studies about TAD. Posttraumatic stress disorder was present in 11% and was associated with lower levels of quality of life in IE patients. In TAD patients, anxiety and depression levels after different invasive interventions did not differ. CONCLUSION Sixteen studies report about psychological issues in IE and TAD. Most of them explore quality of life and to a less extent anxiety and depression.

Decreased serum HMGB1 associated with M2 macrophagepolarization and patients with calcific aortic valve disease

Except for the standard aortic valve replacement,no effective medical treatment is available to prevent or delay calcific aortic valve disease(CAVD)progression.Recently,macrophages and high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1)are the most intriguing candidates in various inflammatory disorders.However,the association between serum HMGB1,CAVD,and macrophage polarization remains unclear.Therefore,we examined whether the level of serum HMGB1 is clinically associated with aortic valve calcification and whether HMGB1 treatment can promote macrophage differentiation toward M1 or M2 phenotype.This experimental study included 19 CAVD patients and 20 healthy controls whose serum HMGB1 levels were examined by ELISA assay.THP-1 macrophage polarization system was established to test the polarization capability of HMGB1 treatment.The results showed that serum levels of HMGB1 were significantly reduced in patients with CAVD.HMGB1 treatment promoted M2 macrophage polarization but not M1 phenotype with increased IL-10 expression and reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)expression.Our findings suggest that serum HMGB1 is negatively associated with the development of aortic valve calcification,and HMGB1 treatment may facilitate M2 macrophage polarization for reducing aortic valve calcification.

The clinical application of multi-slice spiral CT angiography in abdominal aortic disease

Objective： To evaluate the clinical application of multi-slice spiral CT angiography（MSCTA） in the assessment of abdominal aortic disease. Methods： Fifty-four patients underwent multi-slice spiral CT angiography of abdomen. Contrast agent （Omnipaque 300 I g/L） 1.5 ml/kg was injected and the injection rate was 3 ml/s. The delay time was determined by bolus tracking technique, Tll level abdominal aorta was set as the target vessel and the threshold was 180-200Hu, slice width was 3mm and with a pitch of 4-6. Original data were transferred to working-station to perform functional reconstruction. Results： Ten cases were normal, twenty-eight cases were abdominal aortic aneurysms, five abdominal aortic dissecting aneurysms （Debakay type Ⅲ） and eleven aortic sclerosis. SSD showed the body of aneurysm and the relationship between aneurysm and adjacent blood vessel, MIP better displayed calcification of blood vessel wall and condition of the stent, MPR demonstrated true and false lumen, rapture site of abdominal aorta intima and mural thrombus. Conelusion： MSCTA axial and reconstruction image can show the extent of abdominal aortic disease and the relationship with adjacent blood vessels. It is a safe, simple and non-invasive examination method.

Hybrid Procedure for Thoracic Aortic Disease

Form 2008 to 2009, four patients with complex thoracic aortic disease, including aortic aneurysms and dissections, were successfully treated in our department with a new treatment approach:hybrid procedure.Combined open surgery and endovascular repair were performed in these patients without deep hypothermia or circulatory arrest.Compared to those who underwent traditional open surgery in the same period, time of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay was decreased in these four patients.All of them were discharged soon after operation without postoperative complications or death.The result suggests that this new approach could be an option for thoracic aortic disease, but long-term and large-population studies are still required to demonstrate the safety and validity.

Novel predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement

BACKGROUND Conduction and rhythm abnormalities requiring permanent pacemakers(PPM)are short-term complications following transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR),and their clinical outcomes remain conflicting.Potential novel predictors of post-TAVR PPM,like QRS duration,QTc prolongation,and supraventricular arrhythmias,have been poorly studied.AIM To evaluate the effects of baseline nonspecific interventricular conduction delay and supraventricular arrhythmia on post-TAVR PPM requirement and determine the impact of PPM implantation on clinical outcomes.METHODS RESULTS Out of the 357 patients that met inclusion criteria,the mean age was 80 years,188(52.7%)were male,and 57(16%)had a PPM implantation.Baseline demographics,valve type,and cardiovascular risk factors were similar except for type II diabetes mellitus(DM),which was more prevalent in the PPM cohort(59.6%vs 40.7%;P=0.009).The PPM cohort had a significantly higher rate of pre-procedure right bundle branch block,prolonged QRS>120 ms,prolonged QTc>470 ms,and supraventricular arrhythmias.There was a consistently significant increase in the odds ratio(OR)of PPM implantation for every 20 ms increase in the QRS duration above 100 ms:QRS 101-120[OR:2.44;confidence intervals(CI):1.14-5.25;P=0.022],QRS 121-140(OR:3.25;CI:1.32-7.98;P=0.010),QRS 141-160(OR:6.98;CI:3.10-15.61;P<0.001).After model adjustment for baseline risk factors,the OR remained significant for type II DM(aOR:2.16;CI:1.18-3.94;P=0.012),QRS>120(aOR:2.18;CI:1.02-4.66;P=0.045)and marginally significant for supraventricular arrhythmias(aOR:1.82;CI:0.97-3.42;P=0.062).The PPM cohort had a higher adjusted OR of heart failure(HF)hospitalization(aOR:2.2;CI:1.1-4.3;P=0.022)and nonfatal myocardial infarction(MI)(aOR:3.9;CI:1.1-14;P=0.031)without any difference in mortality(aOR:1.1;CI:0.5-2.7;P=0.796)at one year.CONCLUSION Pre-TAVR type II DM and QRS duration>120,regardless of the presence of bundle branch blocks,are predictors of post-TAVR PPM.At 1-year post-TAVR,patients with PPM have higher odds of HF hospitalization and MI.

Valvular Heart Disease and Aortic Dilatation

The case presented here offers us an opportunity to discuss an increasingly commonly confronted clinical challenge.Two issues are raised:how best to manage the patient’s valvular heart disease,including both the indications for surgical intervention and the prosthetic options,and how best to manage his aortic dilatation.Let us take them one at a time.The patient has severe aortic regurgitation but a normal ejection fraction.Although we do not have his ventricular dimensions,he has a class I indication for intervention given his symptoms.

The Characterization of Aortic Valve Calcification at Different Stage of Disease

Cardiac valve calcification is a common disease,especially among the elderly.Calcification can affect valve function and cause heart failure and sudden death(Adler et al.,2002).Aortic valve calcification is alsorelated to arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease(Rashedi et al.,2015).However,the origin of valve calcification is still unclear.This study characterized the

Current knowledge and contemporary management of non-A non-B aortic dissections

Non-A non-B aortic dissection(AAD)is an infrequently documented condition,comprising of only a small proportion of all AADs.The unique anatomy of the aortic arch and the failure of the existing classifications to adequately define individuals with non-A non-B AAD,have led to an ongoing controversy around the topic.It seems that the clinical progression of acute non-A non-B AAD diverges from the typical type A and B dissections,frequently leading to serious complications and thus mandating early intervention.Currently,the available treatment methods in the surgical armamentarium are conventional open,endovascular techniques and combined hybrid methods.The optimum approach is tailored in every individual case and may be determined by the dissection’s location,extent,the aortic diameter,the associated complications and the patient’s status.The management of non-A non-B dissections still remains challenging and a unanimous consensus defining the gold standard treatment has yet to be reached.In an attempt to provide further insight into this perplexing entity,we performed a minireview of the literature,aiming to elucidate the epidemiology,clinical course and the optimal treatment modality.

Acute Aortic Occlusion in a Critically Ill Adult Presenting to the Emergency Department

Acute Aortic Occlusion (AAO) is a rare, life-threatening event so far described mainly in small-scale series. The most common causes of AAO are large saddle emboli to the aortic bifurcation, in-situ thrombosis of an atherosclerotic aorta, and occlusion of previous surgical reconstruction. We present the case of a 52-year-old female with rheumatic heart disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy with restricted left ventricular function, atrial fibrillation, and previous cardio-embolic stroke, who was brought to the Emergency Department (ED) with sudden-onset dyspnea and lower backache radiating to both the legs. On arrival at the ED, the patient was electively intubated and mechanically ventilated in view of hypoxia and altered mental status, attributed to respiratory failure secondary to acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. The secondary survey revealed absence of bilateral femoral and popliteal artery pulsations. A computed tomography (CT) aortogram showed a complete lumen occlusion thrombus in the infra-renal region of the abdominal aorta at the level of L3-L4 lumbar vertebrae. An emergency embolectomy was performed successfully, following which the patient was started on heparin infusion and managed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In the ICU, she suffered a torsade-cardiac arrest, with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following rapid defibrillation. She was extubated on Day 3. Three weeks later, she was discharged from the hospital. At the time of discharge, she had developed ischemic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy, for which neuro-rehabilitation was advised. In our case report, we would like to highlight the following key points: 1) The importance of a detailed secondary survey in the Emergency Department (ED). 2) An inter-disciplinary approach to a complex syndrome that ensures the highest probability of a good outcome. .

心尖入路经导管主动脉瓣植入术临床经验综述

随着人口老龄化趋势和微创介入瓣膜置换技术的发展,采用介入途径对高龄高危患者进行瓣膜置换手术的需求越来越大。该文在总结中南大学湘雅二医院经心尖导管主动脉瓣置换术(TA-TAVR)临床经验的基础上,结合目前已有的手术操作规范和相关单位的报道,综述TA-TAVR常见的一些热点难点问题,旨在为临床医师开展TA-TAVR提供借鉴和参考。

微小核糖核酸-149-5p对人瓣膜间质细胞成骨样分化影响的研究

目的:观察微小RNA(miR)-149-5p对瓣膜钙化细胞模型的影响,探讨其可能的机制。方法:收集正常瓣膜组织和钙化瓣膜组织并提取RNA,检测miR-149-5p及钙化相关基因Runt及转录因子2(Runt related transcription factor 2,RUNX2)的表达水平,并分析相关性;培养原代人瓣膜间质细胞(human valve interstitial cells,hVICs),更换成骨样分化诱导培养基(osteogenic differentiation medium,OM)培养14天,茜红素染色检测细胞成骨样分化程度,realtime-PCR检测miR-149-5p表达水平;进而将hVICs分为三组:对照组,NC+OM组和miR-149-5p+OM组,后两组分别转染NC mimic和miR-149-5p mimic;realtime-PCR检测细胞中成骨样分化标志基因OCN、ALPP和靶基因的mRNA表达水平,TargetScan和miRDB数据库预测miR-149-5p的靶基因,双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-149-5p对靶基因的靶向关系。结果:与无钙化的相比,钙化的主动脉瓣膜组织中miR-149-5p的表达量显著下降,而且与RUNX2的表达量成负相关(均为P<0.05);hVICs诱导成骨样分化后茜红素染色阳性区域显著增加,同时miR-149-5p的表达逐渐下调(P<0.05);miR-149-5p mimic转染hVICs后,miR-149-5p+OM组细胞内miR-149-5p的表达较NC+OM组显著上调。miR-149-5p+OM组的hVICs中钙含量、OCN和ALPP的表达均低于NC+OM组(P<0.05)。TargetScan数据库预测结果显示miR-149-5p可与促成骨样分化的基因IL6的3’-UTR区结合;双荧光素酶报告基因实验显示miR-149-5p可抑制IL6报告基因活性(P<0.05),而报告基因突变后抑制作用消失;miR-149-5p+OM组hVICs中IL6的表达显著下调(P<0.05)。结论:miR-149-5p可能通过靶向抑制促钙化因子IL-6的表达,在主动脉瓣膜钙化中发挥保护性作用。

血脂对早期钙化性主动脉瓣膜病的预测价值

目的探讨血脂水平与早期钙化性主动脉瓣膜病(CAVD)的关系及血脂水平对早期CAVD的预测价值。方法采用回顾性分析方法选取我院心内科2021年1月至2021年12月住院患者315例,根据心脏彩超结果分为病例组(55例)及对照组(260例),收集所有研究对象临床基本信息及实验室空腹血脂检验指标,计算TG/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、ApoB100/ApoA1值,采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果两组患者的性别、体质指数、吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病患病率、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、VLDL-C、ApoA1、ApoB100、TG/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、ApoB100/ApoA1比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,病例组年龄[(67.29±7.42)岁vs.(60.98±9.76)岁]、高血压患病率(65.45%vs.47.69%)、Lp(a)水平[(499.62±417.98)mg/L vs.(240.83±209.70)mg/L]明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高龄(OR=1.081,95%CI 1.033~1.132,P=0.001)、高Lp(a)水平(OR=1.003,95%CI 1.002~1.004,P<0.001)是发生早期CAVD的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示,Lp(a)(AUC 0.704,95%CI 0.626~0.781,P<0.0001),对早期CAVD有一定的预测价值。结论Lp(a)是发生早期CAVD的独立危险因素,其对患者发生早期CAVD具有预测价值。

超声心动图在主动脉瓣膜病变患者经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗效果评估中的应用价值

目的:探讨超声心动图在主动脉瓣膜病变患者经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗效果评估中的应用价值。方法:选择2021年6月一2023年6月聊城市第二人民医院收治的144例拟行经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗的主动脉瓣膜病变患者,根据术前主动脉瓣病变类型,将患者分为关闭不全组、狭窄组,术前、术后使用超声心动图检查评估,分析超声心动图在主动脉瓣膜病变患者经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗效果评估中的应用价值。结果:关闭不全组术后1个月左心室收缩末期容积、左心室舒张末期容积、主动脉瓣反流量、主动脉瓣有效反流口、主动脉瓣反流面积、主动脉瓣反流缩流径均低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。狭窄组术后1个月主动脉瓣有效瓣口面积增加,最大跨瓣压差、主动脉瓣上最大流速低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:超声心动图在主动脉瓣膜病变患者经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗效果评估中具有一定的应用价值。

急性心肌梗死主动脉内球囊反搏术后发生缺血性肠病一例

1病例资料患者男性,67岁,因“胸闷7 d,再发加重10 h”于2023年2月9日入院。患者于7 d前无明显诱因出现胸闷不适,主要位于胸骨左缘,持续约10 min,伴气短,休息后症状稍缓解,期间发作数次。于10 h前上述症状再发加重,持续无缓解,遂来院就诊。既往史:高血压病史10年,最高血压170/90 mmHg,口服培哚普利治疗,血压控制尚可.

多元化康复护理在经导管主动脉瓣置换术风湿性心脏病患者中的应用效果

目的:观察多元化康复护理在经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)风湿性心脏病(RHD)患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年3月至2021年12月该院收治的106例RHD患者的临床资料,按照护理方法不同将其分为观察组与对照组各53例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用多元化康复护理。比较两组护理前后心功能分级、生命质量[生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)]评分、负性情绪[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]评分和护理满意度。结果:护理后,两组心功能分级均优于护理前,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组心理功能、躯体功能、社会功能、物质生活等GQOLI-74评分均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组SAS、SDS评分均低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度为96.23%(51/53),高于对照组的84.91%(45/53),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在常规护理基础上采用多元化康复护理可提高经TAVR术RHD患者心功能分级、生命质量评分和护理满意度,降低负性情绪评分,其效果优于单纯常规护理。