Multi-detector computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of acute aortic syndromes

Acute aortic syndrome(AAS) is a spectrum of conditions, which may ultimately progress to potentially life-threatening aortic rupture. This syndrome encompasses aortic dissection(AD), intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer and unstable thoracic aortic aneurysms. Multi-detector CT(MDCT) is crucial for the diagnosis of AAS, especially in the emergency setting due to its speed, accuracy and ready availability. This review attends to the value of appropriate imaging protocols in obtaining good quality images that can permit a confident diagnosis of AAS. AD is the most commonly encountered AAS and also the one with maximum potential to cause catastrophic outcome if not diagnosed and managed promptly. Hence, this review briefly addresses certain relevant clinical perspectives on this condition. Differentiating the false from the true lumen in AD is often essential; a spectrum of CT findings, e.g., "beak sign", aortic "cobwebs" that allows such differentiation have been described with explicit illustrations. The value of non enhanced CT scans, especially useful in the diagnosis of an intramural hematoma has also been illustrated. Overlap in the clinical and imaging features of the various conditions presenting as AAS is not unusual. However, on most instances MDCT enables the rightdiagnosis. On select occasions MRI or trans-esophageal echocardiography may be required as a problem solving tool.

Preoperative diagnosis and operative effect of intracranial aneurysm with three-dimensional computed tomography angiography

BACKGROUND ： Digital subtraction angiography （DSA） is always regarded as the golden standard for diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm; however, the procedure is complex, traumatic, expensive and easy to induce vascular complication. Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography （3D-CTA） can make up deficiencies of DSA; therefore, it is used in clinical therapy wider and wider. OBJECTIVE ： To evaluate the clinical effect of 3D-CTA on disruption and hemorrhage of intracranial aneurysm pre- and post-operation and compare with the effect of DSA. DESIGN ： Auto-control contrast observation SETTING ： Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University PARTICIPANTS ： A number of 106 patients with disruption and hemorrhage of intracranial aneurysm were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2003 to April 2006. All patients were diagnosed with cranial operation and consent. There were 47 males and 59 females aged from 3-76 years with the mean age of （47±13） years. Among them, 82 patients had extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage （SAH）, 7 had hemorrhage at longitudinal fissure, and 17 had hemorrhage at ambiens cistema and lateral fissure. Moreover, intraventricular hematocele was accompanied on 13 patients and hematom on 9 patients. METHODS： （1） 3D-CTA examination： Siemens SOMATOM Sensation 64 CT was used in this study. The thickness was 1 mm and interval of reconstruction was 0.8 mm. Localizing section was plainly scanned as the standard of canthus line. Scan ranged from 30 mm below sella to 50 mm above sella. Non-ion contrast medium of Omnipaque 350 （concentration of iodine was 350 g/L） was inserted into anterior vein of elbow with 18G trochar retained with high-pressured injectoc pum. The speed was 4.5 mL/s and the total volume was 80-100 mL with the means of 90 mL. Scan started at 10-20 s after injection of contrast medium. Original image was dealt with Leonardo workstation and retreated with Syngo software. Volume rendering and maximum intensity projection were used to reconstructed images, （2） All 106 patients suffered from occlusion of aneurysm clamp. Before operation, 3D-CTA was undertaken and DSA was followed. After operation, patients were rechecked with 3D-CTA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Comparisons between 3D-CTA and DSA. RESULTS ： All 106 patients were involved in the final analysis. （1） Examination of 3D-CTA and DSA： Among 118 patients with aneurysm, 110 were checked with 3D-CTA and the detected rate was 93.2% （110/118）. Among other 8 cases, 3 were negative and checked again with DSA; 1 had pericallosal aneurysm, 1 ophthalmic aneurysm, and 1 anterior choroidal artery of aneurysm. 3D-CTA results of other 5 cases were suspicious, and then, they were regarded as having aneurysm with DSA. Before operation, correlation among site, body, neck of aneurysm and peripheral anatomic structure were shown sufficiently. After operation, 82 patients were rechecked with 3D-CTA, which was complete occlusion, precise, unobvious constriction, emphraxis or remains as compared with 3D-CTA those pre-operation. （2） Characteristics of 3D-CTA： With multiple vessels and angles, 3D-CTA observed the relationship between aneurysm neck and carried artery and showed thrombosis in cavity of aneurysm, calcification of aneurysm wall and peripheral structure of vessel at the same time. However, DSA could not detect the reactions mentioned above. It could delete image of cranium, simulate image of operative route, eliminate artifact induced by metal, but not distinguish blood stream direction. Meanwhile, posterior communicating artery was always poor during circle of Willis artery showing. CONCLUSION： （1） 3D-CTA is characterized by simple operation and non-invasive showing vascular stereo structure and correlation. Therefore, it is significant for diagnosis and designing plan of operative approach and focal location pre-operation and evaluating effect post-operation. （2） 3D-CTA does not completely replace DSA on the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm.

Incidental extravascular findings in computed tomographic angiography for planning or monitoring endovascular aortic aneurysm repair: Smoker patients, increased lung cancer prevalence?

AIM To validate the feasibility of high resolution computed tomography(HRCT) of the lung prior to computed tomography angiography(CTA) in assessing incidental thoracic findings during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair(EVAR) planning or follow-up.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study among 181 patients(143 men, mean age 71 years, range 50-94) referred to our centre for CTA EVAR planning or followup. HRCT and CTA were performed before or after 1 or 12 mo respectively to EVAR in all patients. All HRCT examinations were reviewed by two radiologists with 15 and 8 years experience in thoracic imaging. The results were compared with histology, bronchoscopy or follow-up HRCT in 12, 8 and 82 nodules respectively. RESULTS There were a total of 102 suspected nodules in 92 HRCT examinations, with a mean of 1.79 nodules per patient and an average diameter of 9.2 mm(range 4-56 mm). Eightynine out of 181 HRCTs resulted negative for the presence of suspected nodules with a mean smoking history of 10 pack-years(p-y, range 5-18 p-y). Eighty-two out of 102(76.4%) of the nodules met criteria for computed tomography follow-up, to exclude the malignant evolution. Of the remaining 20 nodules, 10 out of 20(50%) nodules, suspected for malignancy, underwent biopsy and then surgical intervention that confirmed the neoplastic nature: 4(20%) adenocarcinomas, 4(20%) squamous cell carcinomas, 1(5%) small cell lung cancer and 1(5%) breast cancer metastasis); 8 out of 20(40%) underwent bronchoscopy(8 pneumonia) and 2 out of 20(10%) underwent biopsy with the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.CONCLUSION HRCT in EVAR planning and follow-up allows to correctly identify patients requiring additional treatments, especially in case of lung cancer.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm： Treatment options, image visualizations and follow-up procedures

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common vascular disease that affects elderly population.Open surgical repair is regarded as the gold standard technique for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm,however,endovaseular aneurysm repair has rapidly expanded since its first introduction in 1990s.As a less invasive technique,endovascular aneurysm repair has been confirmed to be an effective alternative to open surgical repair,especially in patients with co-morbid conditions.Computed tomography （CT） angiography is currently the preferred imaging modality for both preoperative planning and post-operative follow-up.2D CT images are complemented by a number of 3D reconstructions which enhance the diagnostic applications of CT angiography in both planning and follow-up of endovascular repair.CT has the disadvantage of high cummulative radiation dose,of particular concern in younger patients,since patients require regular imaging follow-ups after endovascular repair,thus,exposing patients to repeated radiation exposure for life.There is a trend to change from CT to ultrasound surveillance of endovascular aneurysm repair.Medical image visualizations demonstrate excellent morphological assessment of aneurysm and stent-grafts,but fail to provide hemodynamic changes caused by the complex stent-graft device that is implanted into the aorta.This article reviews the treatment options of abdominal aortic aneurysm,various image visualization tools,and follow-up procedures with use of different modalities including both imaging and computational fluid dynamics methods.Future directions to improve treatment outcomes in the follow-up of endovascular aneurysm repair are outlined.

Advances in determining abdominal aortic aneurysm size and growth

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common pathology in the aging population of the developed world which carries a significant mortality in excess of 80% in case of rupture. Aneurysmal disease probably represents the only surgical condition in which size is such a critical determinant of the need for intervention and therefore the ability to accurately and reproducibly record aneurysm size and growth over time is of outmost importance. In the same time that imaging techniques may be limited by intra- and inter-observer variability and there may be inconsistencies due to different modalities [ultrasound, computed tomography(CT)], rapid technologic advancement have taken aortic imaging to the next level. Digital imaging, multidetector scanners, thin slice CT and most- importantly the ability to perform 3-dimensional reconstruction and image post-processing have currently become widely available rendering most of the imaging modalities used in the past out of date. The aim of the current article is to report on various imaging methods and current state of the art techniques used to record aneurysm size and growth. Moreover we aim to emphasize on the future research directions and report on techniques which probably will be widely used and incorporated in clinical practice in the near future.

Endovascular stent graft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms:Current status and future directions

Endovascular stent graft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)has undergone rapid developments since it was introduced in the early 1990s.Two main types of aortic stent grafts have been developed and are currently being used in clinical practice to deal with patients with complicated or unsuitable aneurysm necks,namely,suprarenal and fenestrated stent grafts.Helical computed tomography angiography has been widely recognized as the method of choice for both pre-operative planning and post-operative followup of endovascular repair(EVAR).In addition to 2D axial images,a number of 2D and 3D reconstructions are generated to provide additional information about imaging of the stent grafts in relation to the aortic aneurysm diameter and extent,encroachment of stent wires to the renal artery ostium and position of the fenestrated vessel stents.The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of applications of EVAR of AAA and diagnostic applications of 2D and 3D image visualizations in the assessment of treatment outcomes of EVAR.Interference of stent wires with renal blood flow from the hemodynamic point of view will also be discussed,and future directions explored.

Cervical aortic arch with aneurysm formation and an anomalous right subclavian artery and left vertebral artery:A case report

BACKGROUND A cervical aortic arch(CAA)refers to a high-riding aortic arch(AA)that often extends above the level of the clavicle.This condition is very rare,with an incidence of less than 1/10000.CASE SUMMARY A 29-year-old woman was admitted to the otolaryngology department of our hospital for repeated bilateral purulent nasal discharge for the prior 3 mo.The patient was diagnosed with chronic sinusitis and chronic rhinitis at admission.A preoperative noncontrast chest computed tomography scan showed a high-riding,tortuous AA extending to the mid-upper level of the first thoracic vertebra with local cystic dilatation.A further computed tomography angiography examination showed that the brachiocephalic trunk,left common carotid artery,left vertebral artery(LVA)(slender),and left subclavian artery sequentially branched off of the aorta from the proximal end to the distal end of the AA.The proximal end of the right subclavian artery(RSCA)was tortuous and dilated.The AA showed tumorlike local expansion,with a maximum diameter of approximately 4 cm.After consultation with the department of cardiac macrovascular surgery,the patient was diagnosed with left CAA with aneurysm formation and an anomalous RSCA and LVA and was transferred to that department.The patient underwent AA aneurysm resection and artificial blood vessel replacement under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass.No abnormality was found during the 2-mo follow-up after discharge.CONCLUSION A CAA is a rare congenital anomaly of vascular development.The present unique case of CAA with aneurysm formation and an anomalous RSCA and LVA enriches existing CAA data.

The Application of Computed Tomography Angiography in Aortic Dissection

Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening clinical emergency requiring rapid diagnosis and effective intervention to improve patient survival and prognosis. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) can be used to diagnose AD accurately and quickly, making it the first choice for diagnosing AD in an emergency. This article reviews the application of CTA in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.

Multi-detector CT angiography for the assessment of anterior spinal artery and artery of Adamkiewicz patency in patients suspected of having thoracic aortic pathology

Objective To evaluate the visualization of the anterior spinal artery (ASA) and the artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) as well as the affecting factors for the detection rate using multidetector row CT (MDCT). Methods Ninety-nine consecutive patients (31 women and 68 men; age range, 25-90 years; average age 61.3 years) with suspicion for thoracic aortic lesions necessitating surgical intervention (31 aortic aneurysm, 45 dissection, 5 intramural hematoma, and 18 normal), underwent 16-slice MDCT angiography from the aortic arch to the aortic bifurcation. Transverse sections, multiplanar reformations (MPR) and thin maximum intensity projections (MIP) were used to assess the ASA and AKA. The level of the ASA and AKA origins and CT acquisition parameters were recorded. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the image, an index of the mass of the T11 body (vertebral mass index), the subcutaneous fat thickness,and the CT value within the aortic arch and at the T11 level were measured. The detection of the ASA and AKA was evaluated relative to the acquisition parameters, scan characteristics, and aortic lesion type. Differences were assessed with Wilcoxon rank-sum and t tests. Results The ASA was visualized in 51 patients (52%) and the AKA in 18 patients (18 %). The ASA was identified in 36/67 (54%)patients with 1.25 mm thickness and in15/32 (47%) patients with 2.5-3.0 mm thickness. This difference did not achieve significance (P=0.13). The detection rate of the ASA and the AKA was influenced by vertebral mass index and the CNR (P＜0.05). The amount of subcutaneous fat affected the detection rate of the ASA (P＜0.05) but not the AKA. In CT scans with ASA detection, the mean CT values in the aorta at the arch and at T11 were 360 and 358 HU, respectively; whereas in CT scans without ASA detection, the CT values in the aorta at the arch and at T11 were lower (297 and 317 HU, respectively; both P＜0.05). Conclusion The ASA and AKA were less frequently detected in our cohorts than previous reports. The visualization of the ASA and AKA was significantly affected by aortic enhancement, the 'vertebral mass index', and the CNR.

Infective native aortic aneurysm primarily presenting as gastrointestinal bleeding:a case report

Infective native aortic aneurysm(INAA)is a rare vascular disease.Previous studies reported that this type of aneurysm accounts for 0.6% to 2.6% of all aortic aneurysms in the European Union and USA,but accounts for 13% of all aortic aneurysms in Asia.[1,2]Early and accurate detection and intervention are effective in improving patient prognosis,although the non-specific symptoms can make diagnosis challenging.

Hemothorax Revealing Aortic Aneurism and Aortic Dissection

Hemothorax caused by rupture of aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection is an uncommon manifestation and carries a high mortality rate. We report two cases of 75- and 80-year-old men, who were referred to our department for exploration of a left pleural opacity. Thoracentesis produced a hemorrhagic fluid. The computed tomography scan revealed an aortic dissection type B of Stanford in the first case and an aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta in the second patient. Emergency operation was performed in the first case but the patient died of multiple organ failure 48 hours after surgery. Aortic dissection or aneurysm can result in a hemothorax especially in patient with favourable conditions such as elderly patient and systemic hypertension. Diagnosis relies on computed tomography (CT) scan and echocardiography.

评估血清Tenascin-C作为急性主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者生物标志物的临床研究

目的肌腱蛋白C(Tenascin-C,TNC)与心血管疾病的不良预后和重大心血管事件的发生有关。本研究旨在评估TNC在作为急性主动脉夹层动脉瘤(AAD)生物标志物方面的价值。方法回顾性纳入2021年5月至2022年3月于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院心脏及泛血管医学诊疗中心心脏外一科接受治疗的120例AAD患者(AAD组,Stanford A型或B型,均在突发疼痛症状后24 h内入院),另选同时期107例颈动脉狭窄(CAS)患者作为CAS组,120例健康志愿者作为正常对照组。术前、急诊开胸手术后第1、3、7、14 d检测AAD组患者血清TNC水平,与另外两组血清进行比较。主要研究终点为术后60 d短期生存结局。结果与正常对照组相比,AAD组患者术前血清TNC水平显著升高(P<0.001),且StanfordA型患者术前血清TNC水平较B型患者更高(P<0.05)。术后第3 d,AAD组患者血清TNC水平较术前下降(P<0.05),术后第14 d时与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义[119.26(71.31,157.14)pg/ml vs.117.83(84.04,134.07)pg/ml,Z=-0.873,P=0.383]。与正常对照组比较,CAS组患者血清TNC水平显著升高(P<0.001),且与颈动脉狭窄程度呈正相关(r=0.279,P=0.004)。根据受试者工作特征曲线,术前血清TNC预测AAD的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.731;预测CAS的AUC为0.671。血清TNC可良好区分AAD患者和CAS患者,AUC为0.816。23例AAD患者术后60 d内死亡,根据术前血清TNC水平ROC曲线临界值(172.74pg/ml)分层,AAD患者的短期生存率与术前血清TNC水平有关(logrank=3.706,P=0.047)。结论血清TNC水平可作为急性主动脉夹层动脉瘤潜在的诊断和预后生物标志物。

复合型形态学特征联合流体力学对肾下型腹主动脉瘤破裂风险的评估

目的探讨复合型几何形态学特征对腹主动脉瘤(AAA)破裂风险的影响,并进行流体力学分析。方法回顾性收集2019年6月—2023年8月行CTA检查的AAA未破裂患者25例(完整组)和同期检查进行性别和年龄1∶1配比的AAA破裂患者25例(破裂组)。比较两组患者之间AAA的形态学特征,筛选AAA破裂风险的影响因素,并进行流体力学分析。结果破裂组和完整组的瘤体最大直径(D_(max))、瘤颈直径(D_(neck))、瘤体最大直径/健康主动脉直径(D_(max)/DAO)、瘤体最大直径/瘤颈直径(D_(max)/D_(neck))、标准化动脉瘤范围(L_(nor))分别为(5.92±1.50)cm和(3.67±0.68)cm、(2.38±0.50)cm和(2.06±0.03)cm、(2.54±0.67)和(1.56±0.34)、(2.53±0.62)和(1.81±0.38)、(22.73±11.08)和(10.78±4.59);破裂组的形态学指标量值均高于完整组,其差异均具有统计学意义(t=6.947、2.563、6.567、4.952、4.982,P均<0.05)。其中D_(max)和D_(max)/DAO是AAA破裂风险的独立影响因素(OR分别为1.824、4.039,95%CI分别为1.459~6.251和3.261~9.155,P<0.05)。包含复合型形态学特征的多变量新模型对破裂风险分类的准确性高于仅包含D_(max)的常规模型(94%比88%)。破裂组和完整组AAA分别表现为Ⅲ型和Ⅱ型血流模式,并且破裂组AAA的低壁剪切力面积大于完整动脉瘤(73.9 cm^(2)比67.8 cm^(2))。结论结合形态学特征D_(max)、D_(max)/DAO和流体力学的血流模式和低壁剪切力面积有助于评估AAA的破裂风险。

彩色多普勒超声在主动脉夹层动脉瘤临床诊断中的应用价值

目的采用Meta分析的方法探讨彩色多普勒超声对主动脉夹层动脉瘤(ADA)的诊断价值。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、the Cochrane Library等数据库,检索时间设置为建库至2023年11月。收集彩色多普勒超声对ADA的诊断性研究,根据诊断性试验研究质量评估量表(QUADAS-2)进行质量评估,采用Stata17.0和RevMan5.4软件计算诊断优势比(OR)及95%可信区间(CI)。结果共纳入13篇国内外研究,涉及研究对象419例。固定效应模型合并结果显示,彩色多普勒超声检查对ADA的诊断符合率高于CT检查(OR=3.38,95%CI:2.14~5.34,P<0.01),与MRI差异无统计学意义(OR=1.24,95%CI:0.33~4.66,P=0.75)。敏感性分析提示本Meta分析的结论较为稳健可靠,Egger's检验未发现潜在的发表偏倚风险(t=0.97,P=0.48)。结论彩色多普勒超声对ADA临床诊断具有一定的应用价值,结论有待进一步验证。

感染性主动脉瘤的CT影像学分析与诊断

目的 通过感染性主动脉瘤(INAA)与非感染性主动脉瘤(NIAA)的CT特征比较,建立诊断模型,探讨INAA与NIAA的CT影像学差异。方法 选取山东省立医院就诊的INAA患者87例(INAA组),应用倾向性评分匹配选取NIAA患者87例(NIAA组),对比两组间CT影像学特征,建立列线图影像学诊断模型。结果 INAA组的平均直径较NIAA组小(56.0mm vs. 60.7mm),差异有统计学意义(P=0.035)。INAA组囊性(52.9%vs. 16.1%)、分叶状(40.2%vs. 3.4%)动脉瘤较NIAA组更常见,管周积气(37.9%vs. 0%)、积液(59.8%vs. 5.7%)和邻近组织感染(54.0%vs. 0%)在NIAA组罕见。瘤壁钙化不能作为INAA的诊断依据(P=0.158)。多发动脉瘤在感染与非感染性动脉瘤组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.116)。依据囊性、分叶状、积气、积液、附壁血栓CT特征建立列线图诊断模型,可依据CT影像学特征较准确诊断INAA。结论 基于CT表现的列线图诊断模型具有较好的准确度和区分度,瘤体无钙化可能提示动脉瘤快速进展,多发性动脉瘤能否作为INAA提示特征还有待进一步观察。

软骨母细胞瘤和原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿CT三维重建对比分析

目的 探讨软骨母细胞瘤(chondroblastoma,CB)与原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿(aneurysmal bone cyst,ABC)的三维CT影像表现及鉴别点。方法 回顾性分析经手术、病理及免疫组织化学证实的单纯CB(22例)、CB伴ABC(5例)和原发性ABC(24例)患者的三维CT和临床资料。结果 三组病变三维CT均表现为单发、边界清晰的溶骨性骨质破坏。CB组、CB伴ABC组病灶最大径均小于ABC组(P<0.05)。CB组位于不规则骨(54.5%)、偏心性(86.4%)、钙化(50%)、邻关节面(77.3%)及突破骨皮质(54.5%)发生率高于ABC组(分别为20.8%、29.2%、8.3%、4.2%及25.0%),P<0.05,膨胀性生长(40.9%)和合并病理性骨折(18.2%)发生率低于ABC组(75.0%、45.8%),P<0.05;CB组与ABC组分叶征、边缘硬化、骨嵴和累及骨皮质征象发生率不存在统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 病变的解剖部位和CT三维征象对CB和ABC的鉴别诊断有重要价值。

深度学习重建AiCE技术在腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后CTA中的应用

目的探究基于深度学习重建(DLR)技术的人工智能图像重建系统(AiCE)在腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后CT血管造影(CTA)复查中的应用价值。方法采用混合选代算法重建(HIR)和DLR-AiCE方法对26例腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后患者CTA图像进行重组,并进行回顾性分析。对两组图像整体质量、脏器(肝脏、肾脏)、最大伪影层面支架内血管及最大伪影层面支架外血栓4个方面进行主观评分,将主观评分平均值作为最终评分,并分析评分的一致性。测量两组图像肝脏、肾脏、无支架层面腹主动脉、腹主动脉及主髂动脉段支架内伪影最重及伪影最少、支架外血栓伪影最重及伪影最少层面的CT值(HU)和标准差(SD)值,计算并比较伪影指数(AI)、信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR)。结果DLR-AiCE组图像质量主观评分均高于HIR组(P均<0.001)。两位观察者间主观评分一致性较高[组内相关系数(ICC)为0.927,95%CI为0.905~0.944,P<0.001]。除右髂总动脉支架内最小伪影层面和肝脏层面外,DLR-AiCE组各个位置AI值均小于HIR组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。DLR-AiCE组各个位置SNR值均大于HIR组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。除右髂总动脉支架内最大伪影层面和双侧支架内最小伪影层面外,DLR-AiCE组各个位置CNR值均大于HIR组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论相比HIR,DLR-AiCE既能减少支架伪影,又能提高支架内外组织的图像质量,从而清晰显示周边器官、支架内外血管、瘤体血栓等情况,有利于腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后患者的评估。

基于CT、MRI影像特征等对四肢伴明显动脉瘤样骨囊肿的骨巨细胞瘤与原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿鉴别诊断的价值

目的探讨CT、MRI影像特征等对四肢伴明显动脉瘤样骨囊肿的骨巨细胞瘤(giant cell tumours with prominent aneurysmal bone cysts,GABCs)和原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿(primary aneurysmal bone cysts,PABCs)的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析20例四肢GABCs和21例PABCs患者的CT和MRI影像特征,并同时收集患者的年龄和性别,比较两组不同指标间差异,并计算两组患者的年龄、包块横径/纵径比、软骨下骨受累、病变边缘深分叶、包块周围血管影对GABCs及PABCs诊断的灵敏度、特异度。结果两组患者的年龄、包块横径/纵径比比较差异有显著性(t=-3.956、-2.985,P<0.05),两组患者的软骨下骨受累的比例、病变边缘深分叶的比例、包块周围血管影的比例比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。年龄、包块横径/纵径比、软骨下骨受累和病变边缘深分叶对GABCs患者诊断的灵敏度分别为75.0%、65.0%、68.0%和80.0%,特异度分别为81.0%、66.7%、81.3%和61.3%。相反,包块周围血管影诊断PABCs的灵敏度为52.4%,特异度为95.0%。结论CT和MRI影像特征中的软骨下骨受累、病变边缘深分叶、包块横径/纵径比高低以及包块周围血管影及患者年龄高低对GABCs和PABCs具有鉴别诊断的价值。

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后Ⅱ型内漏的影响因素分析

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤(AAA)瘤腔内血栓形态与腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(EVAR)后发生Ⅱ型内漏的关系。方法收集2018年1月至2022年6月于滨州市第二人民医院和山东第一医科大学附属省立医院接受EVAR治疗的182例AAA患者的临床资料和影像学资料,根据随访期内是否发生Ⅱ型内漏将患者分为Ⅱ型内漏组(n=44)和对照组(n=138)。比较两组患者的临床特征、血液指标、计算机断层扫描血管成像(CTA)影像学特征,筛选EVAR术后发生Ⅱ型内漏的影响因素,建立预测模型并绘制列线图,并通过绘制模型的校准曲线、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和临床决策曲线验证预测模型的准确性。结果两组患者的高血压病史、吸烟史、最大横截面血栓厚度、最大横截面血栓面积、血栓体积、最大瘤体直径和腰动脉数量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,最大横截面血栓厚度厚、最大横截面血栓面积大、血栓体积大均是EVAR术后发生Ⅱ型内漏的保护因素,腰动脉数量多是EVAR术后发生Ⅱ型内漏的危险因素(P﹤0.05)。模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.901。校准曲线显示模型预测曲线与预期曲线重合性较好。临床决策曲线显示,若截断值为4%~98%,则模型的临床有效性较好。结论最大横截面血栓厚度、最大横截面血栓面积、血栓体积和腰动脉数量均是EVAR术后发生Ⅱ型内漏的影响因素,据此构建的预测模型准确性较高,可用于预测EVAR术后Ⅱ型内漏的发生风险。

计算机断层扫描血管成像联合锥形束计算机断层扫描图像融合技术在老年胸主动脉瘤腔内介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨计算机断层扫描血管成像(CTA)联合锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)图像融合技术在老年胸主动脉瘤腔内介入治疗中的应用。方法收集2021年1月到2022年1月青海省心脑血管病专科医院收治的行腔内介入治疗的73例老年胸主动脉瘤患者,按照治疗方法不同将其分为观察组(n=37,术中采用CTA联合CBCT图像融合技术引导)和对照组(n=36,术中采用CTA引导)。记录两组患者治疗成功率、手术时间、造影剂用量、辐照时间、总辐射剂量及手术前后肾功能指标变化情况。结果两组老年胸主动脉瘤患者技术成功率均为100%。观察组患者手术时间、造影剂用量、辐照时间、总辐射剂量均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后1、3个月,两组患者血肌酐、尿素氮比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论CTA联合CBCT图像融合技术在老年胸主动脉瘤腔内介入治疗能进一步降低造影剂用量和辐照剂量,且具有良好的安全性和有效性,值得在临床上推广应用。