Selective removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions with surface functionalized silica nanoparticles by different functional groups

The industrial silica fume pretreated by nitric acid at 80 °C was re-used in this work. Then, the obtained silica nanoparticles were surface functionalized by silane coupling agents, such as(3-Mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane(MPTES) and(3-Amincpropyl) trithoxysilane(APTES). Some further modifications were studied by chloroaceetyl choride and 1,8-Diaminoaphalene for amino modified silica. The surface functionalized silica nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FI-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The prepared adsorbent of surface functionalized silica nanoparticles with differential function groups were investigated in the selective adsorption about Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ions in aqueous solutions. The results show that the(3-Mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane functionalized silica nanoparticles(SiO2-MPTES) play an important role in the selective adsorption of Cu2+ and Hg2+, the(3-Amincpropyl) trithoxysilane(APTES) functionalized silica nanoparticles(SiO2-APTES) exhibited maximum removal efficiency towards Pb2+ and Hg2+, the 1,8-Diaminoaphalene functionalized silica nanoparticles was excellent for removal of Hg2+ at room temperature, respectively.

Enhancement of removal efficiency of heavy metal ions by polyaniline deposition on electrospun polyacrylonitrile membranes

This paper describes the preparation of a membrane of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)and its corresponding membrane coated with polyaniline(PANI)for the adsorption of heavy metal ions.Scanning electron microscopy micrographs revealed that all the membranes exhibited nanofibrous morphology.The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The prepared membranes were used as an adsorbent for hazardous heavy metal ions Pb^(2+) and Cr_(2)O^(2-)_(7).The adsorption capacity and the removal efficiency of the membranes were examined as function of the initial adsorbate concentration and pH of the medium.Coated membranes with PANI showed better adsorption performance and their direct current(DC)conductivities were correlated to heavy metal ion concentrations.Adsorption isotherms were also performed,and the adsorption process was tested according to the Langmuir and Freundlich models.The regeneration and reuse of the prepared membranes to re-adsorb heavy metal ions were also investigated.The enhancement in adsorption performance and reusability of PANI-coated membranes in comparison with non-coated ones is fully discussed.The results show that the maximum adsorption capacities of lead and chromate ions on the PANI-coated membranes are 290.12 and 1202.53 mg/g,respectively.

Fast removal of heavy metal ions and phytic acids from water using new modified chelating fiber

The graft copolymerization of acrylic acid（AA） onto polyethylene glycol terephthalate（PET） fiber initialed by benzoy peroxide （BPO） was carried out in heterogeneous media.Moreover,modification of the grafted PET fiber（PET-AA） was done by changing the carboxyl group into acylamino group through the reaction with dimethylamine.The modified chelating fiber（NDWJN1） was characterized using elementary analysis,SEM and FT-IR spectroscopy.Adsorption kinetic curves indicated that NDWJNl could fast remove heavy metal ions and phytic acids from water effectively.Furthermore,batch kinetic studies indicated that heavy metal ions adsorbed to NDWJNl could be filted well by both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order adsorption equations,but the intra-particle diffusion played a dominant role in the adsorption of phytic acids.

Removal of Copper Ions from Acid Mine Drainage Wastewater Using Ion Exchange Technique: Factorial Design Analysis

A factorial experimental design method was used to examine the “Cu2+” removal from acid mine drainage wastewater by ion exchange technique. Ion Exchange technique is preferred because of reduced sludge generation compared to conventional treatment techniques and better decontamination efficiency from highly diluted solutions. Factorial design of experiments is employed to study the effect of four factors pH (3, 5, and 6), flow rate (5, 10, 15 L/hr), resin bed height (20, 40 and 60 cm) and initial concentration of the metal (100, 150 and 200 mgl-1) at three levels. The efficiency of metal removal was determined after 100 min of treatment. Main effects and interaction effects of the four factors were analyzed using statistical techniques. A regression model was recommended and it was found to fit the experimental data very well. The results were analyzed statistically using the Student’s t-test, analysis of variance, F-test and lack of fit to define most important process variables affecting the percentage “Cu2+” removal. In this study , pH was thus found to be the most important variable.

Chitosan Removes Toxic Heavy Metal Ions from Cigarette Mainstream Smoke

This study investigated the removal of heavy metal ions from cigarette mainstream smoke using chitosan. Chitosan of various deacetylation degrees and molecular weights were manually added to cigarette filters in different dosages. The mainstream smoke particulate matter was collected by a Cambridge filter pad, digested by a microwave digestor, and then analyzed for contents of heavy metal ions, including As（Ill/V）, Pb（II）, Cd（II）, Cr（III/VI） and Ni（II）, by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry （GFAAS）. The results showed that chitosan had a removal effect on Pb（II）, Cd（II）, Cr（III/VI） and Ni（II）. Of these, the percent re- moval of Ni（II） was elevated with an increasing dosage of chitosan. Chitosan of a high deace tylation degree exhibited good binding performance toward Cd（II）, Cr（III/VI） and Ni（II）, though with poor efficiency for Pb（II）. Except As（III/V）, all the tested metal ions showed similar tendencies in the growing contents with an increasing chitosan molecular weight. Nonetheless, the percent removal of Cr（III/VI） peaked with a chitosan molecular weight of 200 kDa, followed by a dramatic decrease with an increasing chitosan mo- lecular weight. Generally, chitosan had different removal effects on four out of five tested metal ions, and the percent removal of Cd（II）, Pb（II）, Cr（III/VI） and Ni（II） was approximately 55%, 45%, 50%, and 16%, respectively. In a word, chitosan used in cigarette filter can remove toxic heavy metal ions in the mainstream smoke, improve cigarette safety, and reduce the harm to smokers.

Using NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti)for efficient removal of Cr(Ⅵ)and Rh B from aqueous solutions:Competitive and cooperative behavior in the binary system

The coexistence of inorganic and organic contaminants is a challenge for real-life water treatment applications.Therefore,in this research,we used NH_2-MIL-125(Ti)to evaluate the single adsorption of hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))or Rhodamine B(RhB)in an aqueous solution and further investigate simultaneous adsorption experiments to compare the adsorption behavior changes.The main influencing factors,for example,reaction time,initial concentration,reaction temperature,and pH were studied in detail.In all reaction systems,the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models were well illuminated the adsorption progress of Cr(Ⅵ)and RhB.Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.As compared to the single system,the adsorption capacity of Cr(Ⅵ)in the binary system gradually decreased as the additive amount of RhB increased,whereas the adsorption capacity of RhB in the binary system was expanded brilliantly.When the binary reaction system contained 100 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ),the removal rate of RhB increased to 97.58%.The formation of Cr(Ⅵ)-RhB and Cr(Ⅲ)-RhB complexes was the cause that provided facilitation for the adsorption of RhB.These findings prove that the interactions during the water treatment process between contaminants may obtain additional benefits,contributing to a better adsorption capacity of co-existing contaminant.

Gold-loaded graphene oxide/PDPB composites for the synchronous removal of Cr(Ⅵ) and phenol

The construction of novel inorganic‐organic hybrid nanomaterials for synchronous photocatalyticremoval of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants has received significant attention.We successfullysynthesized gold‐loaded graphene oxide/PDPB(polymer poly(diphenylbutadiyne))composites(Au‐GO/PDPB)through a facile mechanical agitation and photoreduction method.The compositeswere characterized by XPS and TEM images,which confirmed the presence of GO and Au nanoparticleson the PDPB.The as‐prepared Au‐GO/PDPB composites displayed enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with that of pure PDPB for the synchronous photoreduction of hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI))and photo‐oxidation of phenol.We also determined the optimal loading mass of GO and Au nanoparticles on the PDPB;the Au1‐GO2/PDPB(2.0wt%GO and1.0wt%Au)composite displayed the best photocatalytic activity among all the catalysts.Our study provides a facile way to prepare inorganic‐organic composites for the synchronous photocatalytic removal of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants.?2018,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

ADSORPTION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES BY MACRO WEAKLY BASIC IONEXCHANGE RESIN AND THEIR EFFECTS ON REMOVAL OF Cu^(2+) AND Pb^(2+)

Adsorption of humic, tannic and gallic acids by a macro weakly basic ion-exchange resin JN-01 was studied. The adsorption capacity of this resin for gallic and tannic acids is much higher than that for humic acid, which can be explained on the basis of both their molecular size and ionization degree. Furthermore, humic acid is separated into different components with molecular weight in the range from 2000 Da to 100000 Da by ultra-filter, and their adsorption isotherms on resin JN-01 indicate that humic acid＇s molecular weight is an important factor which makes significant influence on adsorption. Finally, changes in the amount of Cu^2＋ and Pb^2＋ adsorbed on resin JN-01 as a function of the concentration of each of these three acids were studied. A large increase in the heavy metal ions uptake is observed in the presence of humic substance, such advantages are due to the interactions between the heavy metal ions and the unbound functional groups of the adsorbed organic acids.

Bioremediation Process and Bioremoval Mechanism of Heavy Metal Ions in Acidic Mine Drainage

Acidic mine drainage（AMD） containing acidity and a broad range of heavy metal ions is classified as hazardous, and must be properly treated. The removal mechanism of heavy metal ions in acidic mine drainage containing Cu^2＋, Fe^2＋, and Zn^2＋ with biological method was studied here. Using 20 mmol/L ethanol as carbon source, Desulfovibrio marrakechensis, one of sulfate reducing bacteria（SRB） species, grew best at 35℃ and pH=6.72 with concentrations of 10, 55 and 32 mg/L for Cu^2＋, Fe^2＋ and Zn^2＋, respectively. The removal efficiency for each ion mentioned above was 99.99%, 87.64% and 99.88%, respectively. The mineralogy and surface chemistry of precipitates were studied by means of energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, X-ray diffraction（XRD） combined with control tests. The experimental results demonstrate that the removal mechanism of heavy metal ions by Desulfovibrio marrakechensis is comprehensive function of chemical precipitation, adsorption and bioprecipitation. The biogenic iron sulfide solid was characterized as greigite（Fe3S4）, while the zinc sulfide solid was characterized as sphalerite（ZnS）.

木质素基水凝胶的制备及其水中重金属离子去除机制进展

木质素基水凝胶是一种新型的吸附材料,具有良好的除重金属离子能力,可以解决生物质附加利用值高值化问题。综述了近年来有关木质素基水凝胶去除废水中重金属离子机制的研究进展。首先介绍了木质素基水凝胶的制备方法和结构特点,之后系统地总结了多种因素对其去除重金属离子吸附能力的影响,例如pH值、离子强度、吸附时间、吸附剂用量等。此外,详细讨论了木质素基水凝胶去除废水中重金属离子的机制,例如表面化学吸附、配位作用和离子交换等机制。最后,探讨了木质素基水凝胶在实际应用中的前景和挑战,并指出未来的研究方向。

金属有机框架材料对水体中重金属离子去除性能及机理的研究进展

工业化进程的加快导致全球环境污染日趋严峻,尤其是铬、砷、铅、汞、镉、锌、铜及镍等重金属污染极为显著。重金属在水体中多以离子态存在,难以生物降解,将对生态环境和人类健康构成巨大威胁,因此寻求经济、高效的重金属去除方法刻不容缓。水体中重金属去除的方法主要包括离子交换、混凝沉淀、氧化还原、吸附、膜过滤及电渗析等,其中吸附法具有成本低廉、操作简单和适应性强等诸多优点,被认为是去除水体中重金属的优选方法之一。金属有机框架材料(MOFs),因其比表面积大、孔隙率高、活性位点丰富、可调节性强及热/化学稳定性高等特性,被广泛应用于去除水体中的重金属。重点综述了MOFs及其复合材料对铬、砷、铅、汞、镉、锌、铜及镍重金属离子的去除性能,分析了MOFs初始浓度、重金属离子浓度、接触时间、pH值、温度及干扰离子等因素对重金属去除效果的影响。同时,明确了MOFs去除重金属离子的机理。其主要作用机理为吸附、沉淀及氧化还原,其中吸附分为物理吸附和化学吸附,物理吸附主要包括静电引力、扩散作用和范德华力,化学吸附主要包括开放金属位点/配位作用、酸碱作用及氢键作用,而沉淀或者氧化还原伴随在吸附过程中。此外,对今后MOFs材料在重金属污染防治领域的研究方向及潜在应用进行了展望,以期为MOFs材料在环境污染修复领域的研究和应用提供理论基础。

实验室COD废水处理研究

实验室COD废水含有大量的Cr^(6+)、Ag^(+)和Hg^(2+)等重金属离子,若不经处理直接排放,会对生态环境造成不利影响。采用氧化还原法和中和沉淀法处理实验室COD废水中重金属离子,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化了处理条件。结果表明,当葡萄糖加量为10 g时,废水中Cr^(6+)完全转化为Cr^(3+);当氯化钠加量为2.1 g时,废水中Ag^(+)去除率为100%;在氢氧化钠加量为5.0 g、反应时间为20 min、反应温度为20℃的最佳条件下,总Cr和Hg^(2+)综合去除效率最佳,去除率分别为75.13%、86.51%。

锰基电容去离子除铅性能研究

水资源的污染问题一直难以得到控制,其中铅污染是最严重的污染之一。目前水中去除重金属的方法有许多,例如化学沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法等。然而这些技术具有二次污染,高能耗和设施复杂等缺点;电容去离子技术(CDI)具备成本低廉、耗能小以及循环利用能力强等特点,在以往的研究中证明有显著的离子去除效果;本文将以层状二氧化锰为电容去离子材料,探讨其对废液中铅离子的去除效果。实验结果表明,在初始浓度为0.1 mg·L^(-1),电压为1.5 V的条件下,锰基材料对铅离子的去除效果可以达到97%;通过对电极进行电化学测试,发现在去除过程中,电吸附贡献率为28.68%,电反应贡献率为71.32%。

基于微纳米气泡修复技术的地下水重金属污染实验

结合微纳米气泡修复技术,对重金属污染进行有效处理,对实验结果进行记录与分析,结果表明,Cu^(2+)、Fe^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Zn^(2+)四种重金属离子处理最适宜的环境分别为:Cu^(2+)处理环境:pH值为8.5、初始浓度为3 mg/L;Fe^(2+)处理环境:pH值为8.5、初始浓度为3.5 mg/L;Pb^(2+)处理环境:pH值为8、初始浓度为3.5 mg/L;Zn^(2+)处理环境:pH值为9、初始浓度为2.5 mg/L。此结果可为地下水重金属污染有效处理提供一定的理论支持。

Harnessing of Chemically Modified Rice Straw Plant Waste as Unique Adsorbent for Reducing Organic and Inorganic Pollutants

Conversion of rice straw (RS) as one of agricultural plant wastes (about 45% of the volume of rice production) to valuable industrial product was achieved, by grafting different amounts of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEM) on it using potassium permanganate/nitric acid redox system. This was done to obtain six levels of poly (DMAEM)—rice straw graft copolymers (PDMAEMRS) having different graft yields (expressed as N%) with increasing order and designated as (PDMAEMRS 1 to PDMAEMRS 6). The latter copolymers were dispersed in aqueous solution of heavy metal ions Cu (II) ions and filtered to form rice straw co-polymer—metal ions complex. Different factors affecting the heavy metal ions removal such as pH, extent of grafting, treatment time and rice straw dose were studied in detail. It was found from the obtained results that;the residual metal ions removal from their aqueous solutions increased with 1) increasing the extent of grafting of PDMAEMRS i.e. from PDMAEMRS 1 to PDMAEMRS 6;2) increasing the pH of the metal ions solution complex from 1 to 8;3) increasing the rice straw dosage from 0.50 to 2.0 g, then leveled off thereafter;4) increasing the time of the reaction up to 20 minute then leveled off after that. On the other hand, Pb (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) ions were also removed from their solutions with different extent. Furthermore, the prepared co-polymer could be recovered by washing the metal ions from the complex with weak acid 1 N HNO3 (pH 2) and the metal-binding activity of the rice straw was slightly reduced by this process. Finally, the ability of PDMAEMRS to remove three types of acid dyes from their solutions was also reported.

Synthesis, Characterization and Metal Ion Adsorption Studies on Novel Aromatic Poly(Azomethine Amide)s Containing Thiourea Groups

A series of novel ladder-type poly(azomethine amide)s (PAMs) were prepared from new azomethine containing carboxylic acid monomer (TCA) with simple aromatic diamines and aromatic diamines with thiourea groups (TDAs) by means of phosphorylation polycondensation reaction. Molecular weights of the polyamides were evaluated viscometrically, and the inherent viscosities were in the range of 0.31 - 0.58 g/dl. These ladder-type polymers were not freely soluble in common organic solvents. Structure of monomers and polymers were confirmed using FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analysis. Removal of Cu2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto the polyamides was investigated. The effect of pH, initial metal ion concentrations and contact time were studied in batch experiments. The polyamides were found to be highly effective adsorbents for the removal of Cu2+ and Cd2+ metal ions from aqueous solutions. In a mixture of metal ions, the selectivity order was found to be Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Cr(IV) > Cd(II).

超滤结合电渗析技术纯化铁皮石斛多糖的研究

该研究采用两步超滤与电渗析相结合的技术制备高纯度、低重金属离子含量的铁皮石斛多糖。在第一步超滤过程中添加0.5 mol/L的NaCl提高多糖的提取率,随后通过电渗析去除NaCl和重金属离子。在第二步超滤中去除单糖、寡糖等小分子杂质,得到高纯度的铁皮石斛多糖。实验优化了超滤和电渗析的工艺操作参数,研究表明,当进料温度为35℃,料液pH值为6时,多糖的回收率和纯度最佳,分别为78.2%和86.4%。当电渗析电压为15 V,电渗析时间为30 min时,铅离子脱除率达到95.8%,铜和汞离子脱除率分别为26.8%和73.3%。

福美双类化学助剂去除重金属离子及其机理研究

【目的】研究废水中重金属的去除,为实现高效、稳定、低成本处理重金属提供思路。【方法】采用二甲胺、氨水、二硫化碳为原料,以水为溶剂,合成了福美双类化学助剂,通过正交试验考察原料配比、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响,并确定最佳反应条件。采用红外光谱、气质联用技术等方法确定其结构。【结果】常温常压下,在pH值接近中性时,该化学助剂对工业废水中铁、钴、镍、铜等重金属离子的去除效果非常明显,经处理后的废水可达到国家排放标准。对锌、铬的去除效果稍差,还需要结合使用其他方法。对铝离子的去除效果最差。通过沉淀固体及溶液对过程可能的机理进行分析,结果表明福美双类化学助剂与重金属离子螯合形成配位化合物。【结论】笔者研究的新型化学助剂,对消除重金属污染问题具有实际意义。

典型重金属离子对SBR脱氮工艺及COD去除的影响研究进展

氮是目前导致水体富营养化的主要污染物质,而化学需氧量(COD)是体现水体中有机物污染情况的主要指标。近年来,SBR工艺作为一种应用广泛的污水处理工艺,在生物脱氮技术中也备受关注。实际含氮废水中,通常含有一定量的重金属,包括Zn、Cu和Ni等。这些重金属的存在,会抑制微生物的代谢能力,严重影响氮和COD的去除。选取含氮废水中的3种典型重金属离子(Cu^(2+)、Zn^(2+)和Ni^(2+)),进行了其对SBR工艺中脱氮效能的相关影响研究。研究结果表明:在较低质量浓度情况下,Cu^(2+)、Zn^(2+)和Ni^(2+)3种典型重金属离子对脱氮及COD的去除有一定的促进作用;在高质量浓度情况下,对脱氮及COD去除会产生抑制作用,且随质量浓度的增加而抑制作用增强。