Impact of apolipoprotein E isoforms on sporadic Alzheimer's disease:beyond the role of amyloid beta

The impact of apolipoprotein E(ApoE)isoforms on sporadic Alzheimer's disease has long been studied;however,the influences of apolipoprotein E gene(APOE)on healthy and pathological human brains are not fully understood.ApoE exists as three common isoforms(ApoE2,ApoE3,and ApoE4),which differ in two amino acid residues.Traditionally,ApoE binds cholesterol and phospholipids and ApoE isoforms display diffe rent affinities for their receptors,lipids transport and distribution in the brain and periphery.The role of ApoE in the human depends on ApoE isoforms,brain regions,aging,and neural injury.APOE E4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease,considering its role in influencing amyloid-beta metabolism.The exact mechanisms by which APOE gene variants may increase or decrease Alzheimer's disease risk are not fully understood,but APOE was also known to affect directly and indirectly tau-mediated neurodegeneration,lipids metabolism,neurovascular unit,and microglial function.Consistent with the biological function of ApoE,ApoE4 isoform significantly alte red signaling pathways associated with cholesterol homeostasis,transport,and myelination.Also,the rare protective APOE variants confirm that ApoE plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.The objectives of the present mini-review were to describe classical and new roles of various ApoE isoforms in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology beyond the deposition of amyloid-beta and to establish a functional link between APOE,brain function,and memory,from a molecular to a clinical level.APOE genotype also exerted a heterogeneous effect on clinical Alzheimer's disease phenotype and its outcomes.Not only in learning and memory but also in neuro psychiatric symptoms that occur in a premorbid condition.Cla rifying the relationships between Alzheimer's disease-related pathology with neuropsychiatric symptoms,particularly suicidal ideation in Alzheimer's disease patients,may be useful for elucidating also the underlying pathophysiological process and its prognosis.Also,the effects of anti-amyloid-beta drugs,recently approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease,could be influenced by the APOE genotype.

27-Hydroxycholesterol/liver X receptor/apolipoprotein E mediates zearalenone-induced intestinal immunosuppression:A key target potentially linking zearalenone and cancer

Zearalenone(ZEN)is a mycotoxin that extensively contaminates food and feed,posing a significant threat to public health.However,the mechanisms behind ZEN-induced intestinal immunotoxicity remain unclear.In this study,Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were exposed to ZEN at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day b.w.for a duration of 14 days.The results demonstrated that ZEN exposure led to notable pathological alterations and immunosuppression within the intestine.Furthermore,ZEN exposure caused a significant reduction in the levels of apolipoprotein E(ApoE)and liver X receptor(LXR)(P<0.05).Conversely,it upregulated the levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)markers(P<0.05)and decreased the presence of 27-hydroxycholesterol(27-HC)in the intestine(P<0.05).It was observed that ApoE or LXR agonists were able to mitigate the immunosuppressive effects induced by ZEN.Additionally,a bioinformatics analysis highlighted that the downregulation of ApoE might elevate the susceptibility to colorectal,breast,and lung cancers.These findings underscore the crucial role of the 27-HC/LXR/ApoE axis disruption in ZEN-induced MDSCs proliferation and subsequent inhibition of T lymphocyte activation within the rat intestine.Notably,ApoE may emerge as a pivotal target linking ZEN exposure to cancer development.

Hepatocyte growth factor enhances the ability of dental pulp stem cells to ameliorate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice

BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis(AS),a chronic inflammatory disease of blood vessels,is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease.Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)are capable of exerting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by secreting cytokines and exosomes and are widely used to treat autoimmune and inflam-mation-related diseases.Hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a key role in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.AIM To modify DPSCs with HGF(DPSC-HGF)and evaluate the therapeutic effect of DPSC-HGF on AS using an apolipoprotein E-knockout(ApoE-/-)mouse model and an in vitro cellular model.METHODS ApoE-/-mice were fed with a high-fat diet(HFD)for 12 wk and injected with DPSC-HGF or Ad-Null modified DPSCs(DPSC-Null)through tail vein at weeks 4,7,and 11,respectively,and the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms were analyzed by histopathology,flow cytometry,lipid and glucose measurements,real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the different time points of the experiment.An in vitro inflammatory cell model was established by using RAW264.7 cells and human aortic endothelial cells(HAOECs),and indirect co-cultured with supernatant of DPSC-Null(DPSC-Null-CM)or DPSC-HGF-CM,and the effect and mechanisms were analyzed by flow cytometry,RT-PCR and western blot.Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)activators and inhibitors were also used to validate the related signaling pathways.RESULTS DPSC-Null and DPSC-HGF treatments decreased the area of atherosclerotic plaques and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors,and the percentage of macrophages in the aorta,and DPSC-HGF treatment had more pronounced effects.DPSCs treatment had no effect on serum lipoprotein levels.The FACS results showed that DPSCs treatment reduced the percentages of monocytes,neutrophils,and M1 macrophages in the peripheral blood and spleen.DPSC-Null-CM and DPSC-HGF-CM reduced adhesion molecule expression in tumor necrosis factor-αstimulated HAOECs and regulated M1 polarization and inflammatory factor expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.CONCLUSION This study suggested that DPSC-HGF could more effectively ameliorate AS in ApoE-/-mice on a HFD,and could be of greater value in stem cell-based treatments for AS.

New insights into ATR inhibition in muscle invasive bladder cancer:The role of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic subunit 3B

Background:Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide(APOBEC),an endogenous mutator,induces DNA damage and activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related(ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1(Chk1)pathway.Although cisplatin-based therapy is the mainstay for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC),it has a poor survival rate.Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an ATR inhibitor combined with cisplatin in the treatment of APOBEC catalytic subunit 3B(APOBEC3B)expressing MIBC.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze an association between APOBEC3B and ATR in patients with MIBC.The APOBEC3B expression in MIBC cell lines was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis.Western blot analysis was performed to confirm differences in phosphorylated Chk1(pChk1)expression according to the APOBEC3B expression.Cell viability and apoptosis analyses were performed to examine the anti-tumor activity of ATR inhibitors combined with cisplatin.Results:There was a significant association between APOBEC3B and ATR expression in the tumor tissues obtained from patients with MIBC.Cells with higher APOBEC3B expression showed higher pChk1 expression than cells expressing low APOBEC3B levels.Combination treatment of ATR inhibitor and cisplatin inhibited cell growth in MIBC cells with a higher APOBEC3B expression.Compared to cisplatin single treatment,combination treatment induced more apoptotic cell death in the cells with higher APOBEC3B expression.Conclusion:Our study shows that APOBEC3B’s higher expression status can enhance the sensitivity of MIBC to cisplatin upon ATR inhibition.This result provides new insight into appropriate patient selection for the effective application of ATR inhibitors in MIBC.

The Effects of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism on Serum Lipids, Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins Variation

Objective: To study the effects of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism onserum levels of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Methods: Fragments of ApoE gene forthex-on containing codon 112 and 158 polymorphic locus were amplified by PCR, and then digested untilCfo I endonuclease. Genotypes and alleles frequencies of 168 healthy persons in Jiangsu area werecalculated. The effects of ApoE genotypes and alleles on serum lipids, lipoproteins andapolipoproteins variation were analyzed. Results: The effects of ApoE alleles on total cholesterol(TC), law density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), ApoB was: along a decreasing gradientε_4>ε_3>ε_2. The effect of ε_4 allele was to increase serum levels of TC, LDL-C and ApoB, andthe ε_2 allele had an effect opposite to that of ε_4 allele. Conclusion: ApoE polymorphism is anindependent genetic factor on individual serum levels of lipids and apolipoproteins.

Role of apolipoproteins,ABCA1 and LCAT in the biogenesis of normal and aberrant high density lipoproteins

In this review, we focus on the pathway of biogenesis of HDL, the essential role of apoA-I, ATP binding cassette transporter A1（ABCA1）, and lecithin： cholesterol acyltransferase（LCAT） in the formation of plasma HDL; the generation of aberrant forms of HDL containing mutant apoA-I forms and the role of apoA-IV and apoE in the formation of distinct HDL subpopulations. The biogenesis of HDL requires functional interactions of the ABCA1 with apoA-I（and to a lesser extent with apoE and apoA-IV） and subsequent interactions of the nascent HDL species thus formed with LCAT. Mutations in apoA-I, ABCA1 and LCAT either prevent or impair the formation of HDL and may also affect the functionality of the HDL species formed. Emphasis is placed on three categories of apoA-I mutations. The first category describes a unique bio-engineered apoA-I mutation that disrupts interactions between apoA-I and ABCA1 and generates aberrant prep HDL subpopulations that cannot be converted efficiently to a subpopulations by LCAT. The second category describes natural and bio-engineered apoA-I mutations that generate preβ and small size a4 HDL subpopulations, and are associated with low plasma HDL levels. These phenotypes can be corrected by excess LCAT. The third category describes bio-engineered apoA-I mutations that induce hypertriglyceridemia that can be corrected by excess lipoprotein lipase and also have defective maturation of HDL.The HDL phenotypes described here may serve in the future for diagnosis, prognoses and potential treatment of abnormalities that affect the biogenesis and functionality of HDL.

Progress in the Study of the Correlation between Apolipoproteins and Endometrial Cancer

In recent years, Lipid metabolism disorder has been closely related to malignant tumors. Apolipoprotein (Apo), as an important protein in lipoprotein transport and metabolism, plays an important role in the process of tumor proliferation. Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common gynecological malignant tumor, and its incidence is increasing year by year;in which obesity is an independent risk factor for the occurrence and prognosis of EC. This paper discusses the correlation and possible mechanism between different types of Apo and the occurrence, development and prognosis of EC, and briefly reviews the clinical application of some drugs in EC.

Herpes simplex virus typeⅠ induces an autophagic response and accelerates the fragmentation of apolipoproteins E protein

OBJECTIVE How infection of Herpes simplex virus typeⅠ(HSV-1) induces enhancement of autophagy.MEHTODS The wild type HSV-1 strain Kos 1.1 was propagated in Vero cells and purified.SK-N-SH cells seeded in DMEM/F12 were exposed to HSV-1 with 6 h or 12 h and multiplicity of infection(MOI) for 10 or 40 in each experiment.The infectious titers of the HSV-1 samples were determined by plaque assays.MDC staining to test the number of autophagosome within the cell after infection with time and moi was indicated in each experiment.At the molecular level,Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were done to study the expression of the proteins related to the cell autophagy.The mRNA transcribed from the gene related to autophagy was quantified by reverse transcription followed by real-time PCR.After intranasal infection of different transgenic mice,immunoflurorence studies were done to detected the expression of Aβ42 and proteins related to autophagy from the brain sections.Morris water maze experiment was performed to test the change of spatial learning and memory between different transgenic mice.RESULTS SK-N-SH cell showed time-and moi-dependent increase of MDC positive staining after HSV-1 infection.Western blotting analysis showed that LC3-Ⅱ was less in mock-infected cells but it was detected after 12 h from 10 to 40 moi HSV-1 infected cells.The level increased in a viral concentration-dependent manner.In agreement with the Western blotting results,direct fluorescence microscopy revealed that the signals of LC3 were consistent with their localization on autophagic compartments.P62,another protein related to autophagoysome formation,also increased with MOI.15 ku fragment of intracellular apolipoproteins E(APOE) protein increased after infection,but at the mRNA level it remained the same.The expression of APP showed less decrease but intracellular Aβ42 increased significantly compared with the mock group.Within the brain,after intranasal infection for 7 d,autophagy related proteins LC3 b and P62 increased as well,at the same time Aβ42 was found co-localized with LC3 b within the cell.Behavior test revealed that 17-month-old APOE4 mice had pool spatial learning and memory after infection compared with other groups.CONCLUSION HSV-1 induces an autophagic response and accelerates the fragmentation of APOE protein.

Apolipoprotein E2 inhibits mitochondrial apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through ERK1/2/CREB/BCL-2 signaling

Background: Apolipoprotein E2(ApoE2) is a pleiotropic protein that influences several aspects of cancer metabolism and development. Evading apoptosis is a vital factor for facilitating cancer cell growth. However, the role and mechanism of ApoE2 in regulating cell apoptosis of pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Methods: In this study, we firstly detected the m RNA and protein expressions of ApoE2 in PANC-1 and Capan-2 cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We then performed TUNEL and flow cytometric analyses to explore the role of recombinant human ApoE2, p CMV6-ApoE2 and si ApoE2 in the apoptosis of PANC-1 and Capan-2 cells. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanism through which ApoE2 affected apoptosis in PANC-1 cells using immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation analysis. Results: ApoE2 phosphorylated ERK1/2 and inhibited pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis. In addition, our data showed that ApoE2/ERK1/2 altered the expression and mitochondrial localization of BCL-2 via activating CREB. ApoE2/ERK1/2/CREB also increased the total BCL-2/BAX ratio, inhibited the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and the depolarization of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, blocked the leakage of cytochrome-c and the formation of the apoptosome, and consequently, suppressed mitochondrial apoptosis. Conclusions: ApoE2 regulates the mitochondrial localization and expression of BCL-2 through the activation of the ERK1/2/CREB signaling cascade to evade the mitochondrial apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. ApoE2 may be a distinct prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.

Lipids, Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins Abnormalities inPatients undergoing Dialysis

Twenty hemodialysis (HD) patients and 20 patients on continuous am-bulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were investigated for lipids, lipoproteins andapolipoproteins abnormalities. HD patients had elevated serum triglyceride, de-creased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C ) and apolipoprotein A-I(Apo A-I ), whi1e CAPD patients had elevated total cho1esterol, triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Apolipoprotein B (Apo B), Apo B/Apo A-Iratio, and decreased HDL-C, Apo A-I. Because of the molecular sievingeffects of peritoneum, CAPD have a negative effect on these abnormalities. CAPDpatients might be at greater risk of developing coronary artery disease than HD patients who are also at increased riskas compared with normals.

Seed-Specific Expression of Apolipoprotein A-IMilano Dimer in Engineered Rice Lines

Apolipoprotein A-IMilano(ApoA-IM)has been shown to significantly reduce coronary atherosclerotic plaques.However,the preparation of cost-effective pharmaceutical formulations of ApoA-IM is limited by the high cost and difficulty of purifying the protein and producing the highly effective dimeric form.The aim of this study was to create an expression cassette that specifically drives the expression of dimeric ApoA-IM in the protein bodies of rice seeds.The ApoA-IM protein under control of the 13 kDa prolamin promoter is expressed exclusively in its dimeric form within the seeds,and immunocytochemical and immunogold analyses confirmed its expression in different caryopsis tissue such as seed coat,aleurone cell and endosperm,particularly in amyloplast and storage vacuoles.A plant-based ApoA-IM production system offered numerous advantages over current production systems,including the direct production of the most therapeutically effective dimeric ApoA-IM forms,long-term protein storage in seeds,and ease of protein production by simply growing plants.Therefore,seeds had the potential to serve as a costeffective source of therapeutic ApoA-IM.

Apolipoprotein C1 promotes tumor progression in gastric cancer

Background:Gastric cancer(GC)is a malignancy with the worst prognosis that seriously threatens human health,especially in East Asia.Apolipoprotein C1(apoc1)belongs to the apolipoprotein family.In addition,apoc1 has been associated with various tumors.However,its role in GC remains unclear.Methods:Firstly,we quantified its expression in GC and adjacent tumor tissues,using The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA).Next,we assessed cell invasion and migration abilities.Finally,we revealed the role of apoc1 in the tumor microenvironment(TME),immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity.Results:Firstly,in TCGA database,it has been shown that elevated expression of apoc1 was identified in various cancers,including GC,then we found that high expression of apoc1 was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in GC.Histologically,apoc1 expression is proportional to grade,cancer stage,and T stage.The experimental results showed that apoc1 promoted cell invasion and migration.Then GO,KEGG,and GSEA pathway analyses indicated that apoc1 may be involved in the WNT pathway and immune regulation.Furthermore,we found out the tumor-infiltrating immune cells related to apoc1 in the tumor microenvironment(TME)using TIMER.Finally,we investigated the correlation between apoc1 expression and drug sensitivity,PD-1 and CTLA-4 therapy.Conclusions:These results suggest that apoc1 participates in the evolution of GC,and may represent a potential target for detection and immunotherapy in GC.

Apolipoprotein A1 suppresses the hypoxia-induced angiogenesis of human retinal endothelial cells by targeting PlGF

AIM:To investigate the anti-angiogenic effect of apolipoprotein A1(apoA1)on primary human retinal vascular endothelial cells(HRECs)and explore the possible mechanism.METHODS:The primary HRECs were transfected with apoA1-GFP recombinant lentiviral and were compared with cells undergoing transfection with empty lentiviral vectors.Hypoxia chambers were used to simulate the anoxic environment of cells under pathological condition.The concentrations of secreted vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and placental growth factor(PlGF)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Cell migration ability was detected by wound healing assay.The sprouting of HRECs was determined by tube formation assay.The protein levels of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)and phosphor ylated ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)were measured by Western blot.RESULTS:Overexpressed apoA1 in hypoxia-induced HRECs significantly suppressed PlGF(0.67±0.10 folds,P=0.007).Overexpressed apoA1 also attenuated hypoxiainduced cell migration(0.32±0.11 folds,P<0.0001),tube formation(0.66±0.01 folds,P<0.0001)and the phosphorylation levels of ERK(0.6±0.11 folds,P=0.025).Pretreatment of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(MEK)inhibitor(U0126)further reduced the PlGF and angiogenesis in hypoxia-induced HRECs.CONCLUSION:ApoA 1 inhibits the angiogenesis at least in part by inactivating ERK1/2 in hypoxia-induced HRECs.Moreover,apoA1 suppresses the PlGF expression,which selectively associated with pathological angiogenesis.

Association of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism with the occurrence and therapeutic effect of ischemic stroke

At present,ischemic stroke seriously affects people's life and health,and its occurrence,development and therapeutic effect are affected by many factors.With the deep research on ischemic cerebral apoplexy disease,people have a deeper understanding of its virulence genes.The apolipoprotein E genotype is the research focus recently,its genetic type is not only involved in the occurrence and development of ischemic cerebral apoplexy,but also causes different therapeatic effects.In this paper,we reviewed the relationship between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in ischemic stroke,as well as the differences in the therapeutic effects of thrombolysis,thrombectomy and lipid-lowering among different genotypes.

Lp-PLA2 LP(a)ApoB/ApoA-1水平与急性脑梗死严重程度及预后的相关性分析

目的:探究脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、脂蛋白a[LP(a)]、载脂蛋白B(ApoB/)/载脂蛋白A-1(ApoA-1)的表达水平与急性脑梗死(ACI)的严重程度和预后的相关性。方法:选择我院2022年1月至2023年1月收治的ACI患者122例作为病例组,根据疾病严重程度分为轻度组(54例)、中度组(49例)、重度组(19例),另选择同期体检健康者作为对照组(97例)。根据预后效果分为预后良好组(88例)和预后不良组(34例)。比较病例组和对照组患者的基本资料和生化指标的差异性,分析Lp-PLA2、LP(a)、ApoB/ApoA-1的表达水平对患者病情严重程度和预后效果影响。结果:病例组患者年龄、吸烟史、高血压例数、收缩压、LDL-C、LP(a)、Lp-PLA2指标高于对照组(P<0.05),HDL-C指标低于对照组(P<0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析结果,年龄、吸烟史、高血压、收缩压、HDLC、LDLC、LPa、LpPLA2、ApoB/ApoA-1是影响ACI发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。重度组患者Lp-PLA2、LP(a)、ApoB/ApoA-1指标显著高于轻度组和中度组(P<0.05),中度组Lp-PLA2、LP(a)、ApoB/ApoA-1指标显著高于轻度组(P<0.05),Spearman相关性比较,Lp-PLA2、LP(a)、ApoB/ApoA-1指标与患者病情严重程度呈正相关(r=0.796、0.718、0.451,P<0.05)。预后良好组患者Lp-PLA2、LP(a)、ApoB/ApoA-1指标显著高于预后不良组(P<0.05),ROC曲线分析结果显示,联合预测AUC为0.987。结论:高龄、血压血脂异常、生活习惯较差者更易患ACI,而Lp-PLA2、ApoB/ApoA-1水平与ACI的严重程度和预后效果呈明显的相关性,通过检测可有效评估患者病情发展,具有较高临床价值。

从“脾主运化”理论探讨微塑料在体内的运输和蓄积

微塑料作为新型污染物具有生物危害性,其体内过程尚未阐明。阐明微塑料在体内的运输、蓄积机制是认识其危害的前提和防治其危害的关键环节,但该机制目前尚不清楚。脂质借助载脂蛋白转运与“脾主运化”功能关系密切,作为与脂质具有相似性的微塑料是否也受脾功能调控有待阐明。通过阐明微塑料与载脂蛋白的关系探讨其运输机制,通过脾虚膏脂转输障碍时微塑料蓄积的时空特征探讨其蓄积机制,将有助于认识微塑料体内生理过程和蓄积条件,并深化现代知识背景下中医脾脏象理论新内涵。

载脂蛋白E联合临床相关指标预测阿尔兹海默病模型的建立与验证

目的 以载脂蛋白E(ApoE)为基础,结合阿尔茨海默病发病危险因素及临床常见指标,构建阿尔兹海默病发病风险的临床预测模型。方法 从南京市中医院大数据平台中,检索时间为2019年1月至2021年1月两年时间内,阿尔兹海默病患者61例,模糊匹配健康体检者111例。利用LASSO回归筛选危险因素,构建logistic回归预测模型,10折交叉进行区分度验证,bootstrap法进行校准度验证,临床决策曲线评判预测模型的临床指导性,最后以列线图可视化呈现临床预测模型。结果 筛选出12个变量,最终纳入4个危险因素:年龄、游离三碘甲状腺素(FT3)、性别、ApoE。全样本ROC曲线下面积为0.879,10折交叉9次验证后ROC曲线下平均面积为0.864;采用Bootstrap法抽样及Hosmer-Lemeshow校准度检验,结果χ^(2)=6.496,P=0.592>0.05。临床决策曲线阈值概率区间为1%~88.6%。结论 利用年龄、游离三碘甲状腺素、性别、 ApoE构建的临床预测模型对患者进行个体化评估,可以预警阿尔兹海默病,开展早期预防干预,减缓该病的发生发展。

血清HNL、PCT、sCD163及IL-6联合检测在老年患者脓毒症诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞载脂蛋白(HNL)联合其他感染相关生物标志物对老年脓毒症患者的诊断价值。方法选取2019年5月至2022年11月我院收治的115例老年患者为研究对象,根据“脓毒症-3”共识标准、临床病史和实验室检查将其分为脓毒症组(n=35)、急性局部细菌感染组(n=50)、病毒感染组(n=30)和健康对照组(n=50)。收集患者的静脉血样,分析全血细胞计数、血培养、微生物培养结果,HNL、降钙素原(PCT)、白介素-6(IL-6)和可溶性血红蛋白清道夫受体(sCD163)检测水平。结果在老年脓毒症患者诊断中,HNL和PCT联合检测的灵敏度为91.4%,特异度为98%,显著优于使用1.025 ng/ml作为PCT的最佳截止值所达到的灵敏度80%以及使用98.91 ng/ml作为HNL的最佳截止值所达到的特异度84%;在老年患者局部细菌感染诊断中,HNL和PCT联合检测的灵敏度为88%,特异度为90%,显著优于PCT和HNL单独检测的诊断效能。结论HNL和PCT联合检测有助于老年脓毒症以及局部细菌感染的早期诊断。

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与颅脑损伤后认知功能障碍的相关性研究

目的探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与颅脑损伤后认知功能障碍的关系。方法前瞻性选取2018年1月—2023年2月重庆医科大学附属巴南医院神经外科收治的57例颅脑损伤后认知功能患者为认知功能障碍组,同期收治的不伴有认知功能障碍的颅脑损伤患者51例为对照组。取患者抗凝静脉全血2~4 mL进行核酸提取,使用APOE基因检测试剂盒,采用多重荧光PCR法对提取的DNA进行APOE基因ε2、ε3和ε4位点的检测,比较两组基因型分布差异。用Logistic回归分析对两组患者一般资料及携带ε2、ε3和ε4基因进行筛选,得出颅脑损伤后认知功能障碍的基因危险因素。结果两组患者基因型分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组ε3基因携带者和ε4基因携带者占比有明显差异(P<0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析提示,仅携带ε4为颅脑损伤后认知功能障的危险因素[P=0.005,OR=0.317(95%CI:0.142~0.711)]。把单因素Logistic回归中P值最低的5个变量(GCS、性别、损伤程度及ε3、ε4携带者)所有因素纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,发现携带ε4基因是颅脑损伤后认知功能障的危险因素[P=0.039,OR=0.379(95%CI:0.150~0.954)]。结论ApoEε4基因与颅脑损伤后认知功能障碍有关。

ApoE基因多态性与高水平Hcy的协同作用对妊娠高血压的影响

目的为探究载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的协同作用对妊娠高血压发病的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2021年12月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的200例妊娠期高血压孕妇作为研究组,同期非妊娠高血压孕妇200例作为对照组,检测两组孕妇ApoE基因多态性以及Hcy水平。结果研究组蛋白尿、水肿、胎儿生长受限、羊水过少的发生率均显著高于对照组(χ^(2)值介于10.751~34.783之间,P<0.01),且血中Hcy水平显著高于对照组(t=3.210,P<0.05)。研究组ε2ε3、ε3ε3基因型频率以及ε2、ε3等位基因频率均显著低于对照组,ε3ε4、ε4ε4基因型频率以及ε4等位基因频率均显著高于对照组(χ^(2)值介于4.624~32.172之间,P<0.05),ε2ε2、ε2ε4基因型频率略高于对照组但无显著性差异(χ^(2)值分别为1.309、0.069,P>0.05)。研究组E3、E4 AopE表型孕妇的Hcy水平均显著高于对照组(t值分别为4.009、2.609,P<0.05),且研究组E4表型孕妇的Hcy水平显著高于E2、E3(F值为4.118,P<0.05)。E4表型中研究组孕妇的高Hcy比例显著高于对照组(χ^(2)=4.650,P<0.05),而E2、E3表型中两组孕妇的高Hcy比例均无显著性差异(χ^(2)值分别为3.678、3.432,P>0.05)。结论ApoE基因多态性和高水平Hcy在妊娠期高血压疾病发病中存在协同作用,ApoE基因ε4等位基因的存在与高Hcy水平之间的相互作用会增加妊娠期高血压疾病发生的风险。