AIM:To explore the effect of silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1(SIRT1)on modulating apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)and alleviating lens opacification of rats through suppressing end...AIM:To explore the effect of silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1(SIRT1)on modulating apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)and alleviating lens opacification of rats through suppressing endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress.METHODS:HLECs(SRA01/04)were treated with varying concentrations of tunicamycin(TM)for 24h,and the expression of SIRT1 and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)was assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence.Cell morphology and proliferation was evaluated using an inverted microscope and cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,respectively.In the SRA01/04 cell apoptosis model,which underwent siRNA transfection for SIRT1 knockdown and SRT1720 treatment for its activation,the expression levels of SIRT1,CHOP,glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78),and activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)were examined.The potential reversal of SIRT1 knockdown effects by 4-phenyl butyric acid(4-PBA;an ER stress inhibitor)was investigated.In vivo,age-related cataract(ARC)rat models were induced by sodium selenite injection,and the protective role of SIRT1,activated by SRT1720 intraperitoneal injections,was evaluated through morphology observation,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,Western blotting,and RT-PCR.RESULTS:SIRT1 expression was downregulated in TMinduced SRA01/04 cells.Besides,in SRA01/04 cells,both cell apoptosis and CHOP expression increased with the rising doses of TM.ER stress was stimulated by TM,as evidenced by the increased GRP78 and ATF4 in the SRA01/04 cell apoptosis model.Inhibition of SIRT1 by siRNA knockdown increased ER stress activation,whereas SRT1720 treatment had opposite results.4-PBA partly reverse the adverse effect of SIRT1 knockdown on apoptosis.In vivo,SRT1720 attenuated the lens opacification and weakened the ER stress activation in ARC rat models.CONCLUSION:SIRT1 plays a protective role against TM-induced apoptosis in HLECs and slows the progression of cataract in rats by inhibiting ER stress.These findings suggest a novel strategy for cataract treatment focused on targeting ER stress,highlighting the therapeutic potential of SIRT1 modulation in ARC development.展开更多
Objective: To study the influence of glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) on bronchial asthma(BA)smooth muscle proliferation and apoptosis as well as inflammatory factor expression and its molecular mechanism.Methods: Male SD guin...Objective: To study the influence of glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) on bronchial asthma(BA)smooth muscle proliferation and apoptosis as well as inflammatory factor expression and its molecular mechanism.Methods: Male SD guinea pigs were selected and made into asthma models, bronchial asthma smooth muscle cells were cultured and divided into BA group, GA group and GA + LM group that were treated with serum-free RPMI1640 culture medium, serumfree RPMI1640 culture medium containing 50 ng/mL glycyrrhetinic acid, serum-free RPMI1640 culture medium containing 50 ng/mL glycyrrhetinic acid and 100 ng/mL LM22B-10 respectively; normal guinea pigs were collected and bronchial smooth muscle cells were cultured as control group. The cell proliferation activity as well as the expression of proliferation and apoptosis genes, inflammatory factors and p-ERK1/2 was determined.Results: Proliferation activity value and m RNA expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6,YKL-40, protein expression of p-ERK1/2 of airway smooth muscle cell in BA group were significantly higher than those of control group while m RNA expression levels of Bax,caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 were significantly lower than that of control group(P < 0.05); proliferation activity value and m RNA expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, YKL-40, protein expression of p-ERK1/2 of airway smooth muscle cell in GA group were significantly lower than those of BA group(P < 0.05) while the m RNA expression levels of Bax, caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 were significantly higher than those of BA group(P < 0.05); proliferation activity value and m RNA expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, YKL-40 of airway smooth muscle cell in GA + LM group were significantly higher than those of GA group(P < 0.05) while m RNA expression levels of Bax, caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 were significantly lower that of GA group(P < 0.05).Conclusion: GA can inhibit the proliferation of bronchial smooth muscle cells and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Neural stem cell （NSC） survival is closely associated with cell apoptosis in ischemic-hypoxic regions following transplantation. Numerous studies have revealed that X-box binding protein 1 （XBP1） is a...BACKGROUND： Neural stem cell （NSC） survival is closely associated with cell apoptosis in ischemic-hypoxic regions following transplantation. Numerous studies have revealed that X-box binding protein 1 （XBP1） is a transcription factor during endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and is essential for cell survival, differentiation, and anti-apoptotic effects. OBJECTIVE： To determine the effects of the XBP1 gene on NSC proliferation and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions following XBP1 gene transfection into rat embryonic hippocampal NSCs using recombinant adenovirus vector. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vitro experiments were performed at the Laboratory of Cell Biology of Jilin University and Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Jilin University China from September 2008 to November 2009. MATERIALS： Recombinant adenovirus package XBP1 gene and Ad-XBPl-enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid （Guangzhou Easywin BioMed Technology, China）, rabbit anti-XBP1 and its target gene estrogen receptor degradation-enhancing a-mannosidase-like protein （EDEM） glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）, anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 and proapoptotic molecule Bax polyclonal antibody （Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA）, and COCI2 （Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA） were used in the present study. METHODS： Hippocampi from embryonic, Sprague Dawley rats on gestational day 16 were harvested for NSC isolation and cloning, followed by immunofluorescence for Nestin and sub-culturing. The recombinant adenovirus Ad-XBPl-enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid was transfected into rat embryonic hippocampal NSCs, and then CoCl2 was applied to induce hypoxia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cell quantification and 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay were utilized to detect proliferation in XBPl-transfected NSCs for 7 consecutive days. Western blot assay was utilized to quantify XBP1 GRP78, EDEM, Bcl-2, and Bax expression. Flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis. RESULTS： NSC proliferation was significantly enhanced following XBP1 gene transfection （P 〈 0.05）. Under hypoxic conditions, GRP78, EDEM, and Bcl-2 levels increased, but Bax levels decreased. In addition, NSC apoptosis decreased following transfection （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The XBP1 gene was successfully transfected into rat embryonic hippocampal NSCs using a recombinant adenovirus vector. NSC proliferation following transfection, as well as anti-apoptotic effects under hypoxia, was significantly increased.展开更多
Objective: Heat shock factor 1(HSF1), a transcriptional regulator of heat shock proteins(HSPs), is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. However, only a few HSF1 inhibitors have been identified so far.Methods: ...Objective: Heat shock factor 1(HSF1), a transcriptional regulator of heat shock proteins(HSPs), is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. However, only a few HSF1 inhibitors have been identified so far.Methods: The mRNA and protein levels of HSF1, HSPs, cleaved PARP, and phosphorylated HSF1 were examined by real-time PCR and Western blot. Forced expression, RNA interference, and immunofluorescence assay were used for mechanistic studies.Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by WST-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Xenograft studies were performed in nude mice to evaluate the effect of dorsomorphin and an HSP90 inhibitor on tumor growth.Results: Dorsomorphin suppressed multiple stimuli-induced and constitutive HSPs expression in cancer cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that dorsomorphin reduced heat-induced HSP expression independent of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase. Dorsomorphin reduced heat-stimulated HSF1 Ser320 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, as well as resting nuclear HSF1 levels in cancer cells. Dorsomorphin induced cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting HSF1 expression. A structure-activity study revealed that the 4-pyridyl at the 3-site of the pyrazolo [1, 5-a]pyrimidine ring is critical for the anti-HSF1 activities of dorsomorphin. Dorsomorphin sensitized cancer cells to HSP90 and proteasome inhibitors and inhibited HSP70 expression induced by these inhibitors in vitro. In tumor-bearing nude mice, dorsomorphin enhanced HSP90 inhibitor-induced cancer cell apoptosis, tumor growth inhibition, and HSP70 expression.Conclusions: Dorsomorphin is an HSF1 inhibitor. It induces cancer cell apoptosis, sensitizes cancer cells to both HSP90 and proteasome inhibitors, and suppresses HSP upregulation by these drugs, which may prevent the development of drug resistance.Hence, dorsomorphin and its derivates may serve as potential precursors for developing drugs against cancer.展开更多
We reported in this manuscript that TGF-beta1 induces apoptosis in AML12 murine hepatocytes, which is associated with the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. SB202190, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, strongly ...We reported in this manuscript that TGF-beta1 induces apoptosis in AML12 murine hepatocytes, which is associated with the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. SB202190, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, strongly inhibited the TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis and PAI-1 promoter activity. Treatment of cells with TGF-beta1 activates p38. Furthermore, over-expression of dominant negative mutant p38 also reduced the TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis. The data indicate that the activation of p38 is involved in TGF-beta1-mediated gene expression and apoptosis.展开更多
目的探讨针刺对脑心综合征大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡、炎症因子及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPK)/核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)/激活蛋白-1(activator protein-1,AP-1)信号通路的影响。方法将36只SD...目的探讨针刺对脑心综合征大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡、炎症因子及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPK)/核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)/激活蛋白-1(activator protein-1,AP-1)信号通路的影响。方法将36只SD大鼠随机分为针刺组、模型组和对照组,各12只。采用胶原酶加肝素联合注射大鼠尾状核制备脑心综合征大鼠模型,对照组给予等剂量生理盐水向大鼠尾状核注入,手术操作过程同模型组。模型组和假手术组均不予针刺;针刺组选心俞穴、内关穴、风府穴和水沟穴,每日针刺1次,连续3天。采用原位末端凋亡(TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling,TUNEL)法测定脑组织细胞凋亡情况;神经功能采用Zea-Longa法评估;运用酶联免疫法测定白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α水平;采用Western Blot法测定MAPK、NF-κB、AP-1蛋白表达。结果模型组和针刺组大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡指数(apoptosis index,AI)高于假手术组(P<0.05);针刺组大鼠脑组织AI低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠神经行为评分高于假手术组(P<0.05);针刺组大鼠神经行为评分低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平高于假手术组(P<0.05);针刺组大鼠IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠MAPK蛋白灰度值、NF-κB蛋白灰度值和AP-1蛋白灰度值高于假手术组(P<0.05);针刺组大鼠MAPK蛋白灰度值、NF-κB蛋白灰度值和AP-1蛋白灰度值低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论脑心综合征大鼠采用针刺可减轻大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡,减轻大鼠炎症因子,且可下调MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1信号通路表达。展开更多
The low intrinsic growth capacity of neurons and an injury-induced inhibitory milieu are major contributo rs to the failure of sensory and motor functional recovery following spinal cord injury.Heat shock transcriptio...The low intrinsic growth capacity of neurons and an injury-induced inhibitory milieu are major contributo rs to the failure of sensory and motor functional recovery following spinal cord injury.Heat shock transcription factor 1(HSF1),a master regulator of the heat shock response,plays neurogenetic and neuroprotective roles in the damaged or diseased central nervous system.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.In the present study,we used a gecko model of spontaneous nerve regeneration to investigate the potential roles of gecko HSF1(gHSF1) in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and inflammatory inhibition of macrophages following spinal cord injury.gHSF1 expression in neurons and microglia at the lesion site increased dramatically immediately after tail amputation.gHSF1 ove rexpression in gecko primary neuro ns significantly promoted axonal growth by suppressing the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3,and fa cilitated neuro nal survival via activation of the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathways.Furthermore,gHSF1 efficiently inhibited the macrophagemediated inflammatory response by inactivating 1kappa B-alpha/NF-kappaB signaling.Our findings show that HSF1 plays dual roles in promoting axonal regrowth and inhibiting leukocyte inflammation,and provide new avenues of investigation for promoting spinal co rd injury repair in mammals.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effects of Gli-1 small interference RNA （siRNA） on Huh7 cells, and the change of Bcl-2 expression in Huh7 cells. METHODS： Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells Huh7 were used. Cell viability...AIM： To investigate the effects of Gli-1 small interference RNA （siRNA） on Huh7 cells, and the change of Bcl-2 expression in Huh7 cells. METHODS： Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells Huh7 were used. Cell viability was analyzed by 3-（4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. The expressions of Gli-1 and Bcl-2 family members were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Apoptosis was detected by Flow cytometry using propidium iodide, measured by Hoechst 33258 staining using Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy and caspase-3 enzymatic assay. Cell growth was analyzed after treatment with Gli-1 siRNA and 5-fluorouracil （5-Fu）. RESULTS： Inhibition of Gli-1 mRNA in Huh7 cells through Gli-1 siRNA reduced cell viability. Gli-1 siRNA treatment also induced apoptosis by three criteria, increase in the sub-G1 cell cycle fraction, nuclear condensation, a morphologic change typical of apoptosis, and activation of caspase-3. Gli-1 siRNA was also able to down-regulate Bcl-2. However, Gli-1 siRNA resulted in no significant changes in Bcl-xl, Bax, Bad, and Bid. Furthermore, Gli-1 siRNA increased the cytotoxic effect of 5-Fu on Huh7 cell. CONCLUSION： Down-regulation of Bcl-2 plays an important role in apoptosis induced by Gli-1 siRNA in HCC cells. Combination Gli-1 siRNA with chemotherapeutic drug could represent a more promising strategy against HCC. The effects of the strategies need further investigation in vivo and may have potential clinical application.展开更多
AIM： TO explore the role of Bcl-XL and Myeloid cell leukaemia （Mcl）-I for the apoptosis resistance of colorectal carcinoma （CRC） cells towards current treatment modalities. METHODS： Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 mRNA and pro...AIM： TO explore the role of Bcl-XL and Myeloid cell leukaemia （Mcl）-I for the apoptosis resistance of colorectal carcinoma （CRC） cells towards current treatment modalities. METHODS： Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in CRC cell lines as well as human CRC tissue by Western blot, quantitative PCRand immunohistochemistry. Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 protein expression was knocked down or increased in CRC cell lines by applying specific siRNAs or expression plasmids, respectively. After modulation of protein expression, CRC cells were treated with chemotherapeutic agents, an antagonistic epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR1） antibody, an EGFR1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or with the death receptor ligand TRAIL. Apoptosis induction and cell viability were analyzed. RESULTS： Here we show that in human CRC tissue and various CRC cell lines both Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 are expressed. Bcl-xL expression was higher in CRC tissue than in surrounding non-malignant tissue, both on protein and mRNA level. Mcl-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in malignant tissues. However, protein expression was slightly higher. Viability rates of CRC cells were significantly decreased after knock down of Bcl-xL expression, and, to a lower extent, after knock down of Mcl-1 expression. Furthermore, cells with reduced Bcl-xL or Mcl-1 expression was more sensitive towards oxaliplatinand irinotecan-induced apoptosis, and in the case of Bcl-xL also towards 5-FU-induced apoptosis. On the other hand, upregulation of Bcl-xL by transfection of an expression plasmid decreased chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis. EGF treatment clearly induced Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression in CRC cells. Apoptosis induction upon EGFR1 blockage by cetuximab or PD168393 was increased by inhibiting Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL expression. More strikingly, CD95- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis was increased by Bcl-xL knock down. CONCLUSION： Our data suggest that Bcl-xL and, to a lower extent, Mcl-1, are important anti-apoptotic factors in CRC. Specific downregulation of Bcl-xL is a promising approach to sensitize CRC cells towards chemotherapy and targeted therapy.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the role and mechanism of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBPrP1) in the development of liver fibrosis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(No.82101097)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070937).
文摘AIM:To explore the effect of silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1(SIRT1)on modulating apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)and alleviating lens opacification of rats through suppressing endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress.METHODS:HLECs(SRA01/04)were treated with varying concentrations of tunicamycin(TM)for 24h,and the expression of SIRT1 and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)was assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence.Cell morphology and proliferation was evaluated using an inverted microscope and cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,respectively.In the SRA01/04 cell apoptosis model,which underwent siRNA transfection for SIRT1 knockdown and SRT1720 treatment for its activation,the expression levels of SIRT1,CHOP,glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78),and activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)were examined.The potential reversal of SIRT1 knockdown effects by 4-phenyl butyric acid(4-PBA;an ER stress inhibitor)was investigated.In vivo,age-related cataract(ARC)rat models were induced by sodium selenite injection,and the protective role of SIRT1,activated by SRT1720 intraperitoneal injections,was evaluated through morphology observation,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,Western blotting,and RT-PCR.RESULTS:SIRT1 expression was downregulated in TMinduced SRA01/04 cells.Besides,in SRA01/04 cells,both cell apoptosis and CHOP expression increased with the rising doses of TM.ER stress was stimulated by TM,as evidenced by the increased GRP78 and ATF4 in the SRA01/04 cell apoptosis model.Inhibition of SIRT1 by siRNA knockdown increased ER stress activation,whereas SRT1720 treatment had opposite results.4-PBA partly reverse the adverse effect of SIRT1 knockdown on apoptosis.In vivo,SRT1720 attenuated the lens opacification and weakened the ER stress activation in ARC rat models.CONCLUSION:SIRT1 plays a protective role against TM-induced apoptosis in HLECs and slows the progression of cataract in rats by inhibiting ER stress.These findings suggest a novel strategy for cataract treatment focused on targeting ER stress,highlighting the therapeutic potential of SIRT1 modulation in ARC development.
基金supported by Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project(No:A2017331)
文摘Objective: To study the influence of glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) on bronchial asthma(BA)smooth muscle proliferation and apoptosis as well as inflammatory factor expression and its molecular mechanism.Methods: Male SD guinea pigs were selected and made into asthma models, bronchial asthma smooth muscle cells were cultured and divided into BA group, GA group and GA + LM group that were treated with serum-free RPMI1640 culture medium, serumfree RPMI1640 culture medium containing 50 ng/mL glycyrrhetinic acid, serum-free RPMI1640 culture medium containing 50 ng/mL glycyrrhetinic acid and 100 ng/mL LM22B-10 respectively; normal guinea pigs were collected and bronchial smooth muscle cells were cultured as control group. The cell proliferation activity as well as the expression of proliferation and apoptosis genes, inflammatory factors and p-ERK1/2 was determined.Results: Proliferation activity value and m RNA expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6,YKL-40, protein expression of p-ERK1/2 of airway smooth muscle cell in BA group were significantly higher than those of control group while m RNA expression levels of Bax,caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 were significantly lower than that of control group(P < 0.05); proliferation activity value and m RNA expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, YKL-40, protein expression of p-ERK1/2 of airway smooth muscle cell in GA group were significantly lower than those of BA group(P < 0.05) while the m RNA expression levels of Bax, caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 were significantly higher than those of BA group(P < 0.05); proliferation activity value and m RNA expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, YKL-40 of airway smooth muscle cell in GA + LM group were significantly higher than those of GA group(P < 0.05) while m RNA expression levels of Bax, caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 were significantly lower that of GA group(P < 0.05).Conclusion: GA can inhibit the proliferation of bronchial smooth muscle cells and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.
文摘BACKGROUND： Neural stem cell （NSC） survival is closely associated with cell apoptosis in ischemic-hypoxic regions following transplantation. Numerous studies have revealed that X-box binding protein 1 （XBP1） is a transcription factor during endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and is essential for cell survival, differentiation, and anti-apoptotic effects. OBJECTIVE： To determine the effects of the XBP1 gene on NSC proliferation and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions following XBP1 gene transfection into rat embryonic hippocampal NSCs using recombinant adenovirus vector. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vitro experiments were performed at the Laboratory of Cell Biology of Jilin University and Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Jilin University China from September 2008 to November 2009. MATERIALS： Recombinant adenovirus package XBP1 gene and Ad-XBPl-enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid （Guangzhou Easywin BioMed Technology, China）, rabbit anti-XBP1 and its target gene estrogen receptor degradation-enhancing a-mannosidase-like protein （EDEM） glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）, anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 and proapoptotic molecule Bax polyclonal antibody （Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA）, and COCI2 （Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA） were used in the present study. METHODS： Hippocampi from embryonic, Sprague Dawley rats on gestational day 16 were harvested for NSC isolation and cloning, followed by immunofluorescence for Nestin and sub-culturing. The recombinant adenovirus Ad-XBPl-enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid was transfected into rat embryonic hippocampal NSCs, and then CoCl2 was applied to induce hypoxia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cell quantification and 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay were utilized to detect proliferation in XBPl-transfected NSCs for 7 consecutive days. Western blot assay was utilized to quantify XBP1 GRP78, EDEM, Bcl-2, and Bax expression. Flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis. RESULTS： NSC proliferation was significantly enhanced following XBP1 gene transfection （P 〈 0.05）. Under hypoxic conditions, GRP78, EDEM, and Bcl-2 levels increased, but Bax levels decreased. In addition, NSC apoptosis decreased following transfection （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The XBP1 gene was successfully transfected into rat embryonic hippocampal NSCs using a recombinant adenovirus vector. NSC proliferation following transfection, as well as anti-apoptotic effects under hypoxia, was significantly increased.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2017YFC1601702)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2011M500825)
文摘Objective: Heat shock factor 1(HSF1), a transcriptional regulator of heat shock proteins(HSPs), is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. However, only a few HSF1 inhibitors have been identified so far.Methods: The mRNA and protein levels of HSF1, HSPs, cleaved PARP, and phosphorylated HSF1 were examined by real-time PCR and Western blot. Forced expression, RNA interference, and immunofluorescence assay were used for mechanistic studies.Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by WST-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Xenograft studies were performed in nude mice to evaluate the effect of dorsomorphin and an HSP90 inhibitor on tumor growth.Results: Dorsomorphin suppressed multiple stimuli-induced and constitutive HSPs expression in cancer cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that dorsomorphin reduced heat-induced HSP expression independent of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase. Dorsomorphin reduced heat-stimulated HSF1 Ser320 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, as well as resting nuclear HSF1 levels in cancer cells. Dorsomorphin induced cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting HSF1 expression. A structure-activity study revealed that the 4-pyridyl at the 3-site of the pyrazolo [1, 5-a]pyrimidine ring is critical for the anti-HSF1 activities of dorsomorphin. Dorsomorphin sensitized cancer cells to HSP90 and proteasome inhibitors and inhibited HSP70 expression induced by these inhibitors in vitro. In tumor-bearing nude mice, dorsomorphin enhanced HSP90 inhibitor-induced cancer cell apoptosis, tumor growth inhibition, and HSP70 expression.Conclusions: Dorsomorphin is an HSF1 inhibitor. It induces cancer cell apoptosis, sensitizes cancer cells to both HSP90 and proteasome inhibitors, and suppresses HSP upregulation by these drugs, which may prevent the development of drug resistance.Hence, dorsomorphin and its derivates may serve as potential precursors for developing drugs against cancer.
基金grants fromthe Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KJ951-BI608), the National Natural Sciences FOundation ofChina (No. 39625007 and
文摘We reported in this manuscript that TGF-beta1 induces apoptosis in AML12 murine hepatocytes, which is associated with the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. SB202190, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, strongly inhibited the TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis and PAI-1 promoter activity. Treatment of cells with TGF-beta1 activates p38. Furthermore, over-expression of dominant negative mutant p38 also reduced the TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis. The data indicate that the activation of p38 is involved in TGF-beta1-mediated gene expression and apoptosis.
文摘目的探讨针刺对脑心综合征大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡、炎症因子及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPK)/核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)/激活蛋白-1(activator protein-1,AP-1)信号通路的影响。方法将36只SD大鼠随机分为针刺组、模型组和对照组,各12只。采用胶原酶加肝素联合注射大鼠尾状核制备脑心综合征大鼠模型,对照组给予等剂量生理盐水向大鼠尾状核注入,手术操作过程同模型组。模型组和假手术组均不予针刺;针刺组选心俞穴、内关穴、风府穴和水沟穴,每日针刺1次,连续3天。采用原位末端凋亡(TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling,TUNEL)法测定脑组织细胞凋亡情况;神经功能采用Zea-Longa法评估;运用酶联免疫法测定白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α水平;采用Western Blot法测定MAPK、NF-κB、AP-1蛋白表达。结果模型组和针刺组大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡指数(apoptosis index,AI)高于假手术组(P<0.05);针刺组大鼠脑组织AI低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠神经行为评分高于假手术组(P<0.05);针刺组大鼠神经行为评分低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平高于假手术组(P<0.05);针刺组大鼠IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠MAPK蛋白灰度值、NF-κB蛋白灰度值和AP-1蛋白灰度值高于假手术组(P<0.05);针刺组大鼠MAPK蛋白灰度值、NF-κB蛋白灰度值和AP-1蛋白灰度值低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论脑心综合征大鼠采用针刺可减轻大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡,减轻大鼠炎症因子,且可下调MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1信号通路表达。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31871211 (to YJunW)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)。
文摘The low intrinsic growth capacity of neurons and an injury-induced inhibitory milieu are major contributo rs to the failure of sensory and motor functional recovery following spinal cord injury.Heat shock transcription factor 1(HSF1),a master regulator of the heat shock response,plays neurogenetic and neuroprotective roles in the damaged or diseased central nervous system.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.In the present study,we used a gecko model of spontaneous nerve regeneration to investigate the potential roles of gecko HSF1(gHSF1) in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and inflammatory inhibition of macrophages following spinal cord injury.gHSF1 expression in neurons and microglia at the lesion site increased dramatically immediately after tail amputation.gHSF1 ove rexpression in gecko primary neuro ns significantly promoted axonal growth by suppressing the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3,and fa cilitated neuro nal survival via activation of the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathways.Furthermore,gHSF1 efficiently inhibited the macrophagemediated inflammatory response by inactivating 1kappa B-alpha/NF-kappaB signaling.Our findings show that HSF1 plays dual roles in promoting axonal regrowth and inhibiting leukocyte inflammation,and provide new avenues of investigation for promoting spinal co rd injury repair in mammals.
基金The National Science Foundation of China, No. 30672053
文摘AIM： To investigate the effects of Gli-1 small interference RNA （siRNA） on Huh7 cells, and the change of Bcl-2 expression in Huh7 cells. METHODS： Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells Huh7 were used. Cell viability was analyzed by 3-（4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. The expressions of Gli-1 and Bcl-2 family members were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Apoptosis was detected by Flow cytometry using propidium iodide, measured by Hoechst 33258 staining using Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy and caspase-3 enzymatic assay. Cell growth was analyzed after treatment with Gli-1 siRNA and 5-fluorouracil （5-Fu）. RESULTS： Inhibition of Gli-1 mRNA in Huh7 cells through Gli-1 siRNA reduced cell viability. Gli-1 siRNA treatment also induced apoptosis by three criteria, increase in the sub-G1 cell cycle fraction, nuclear condensation, a morphologic change typical of apoptosis, and activation of caspase-3. Gli-1 siRNA was also able to down-regulate Bcl-2. However, Gli-1 siRNA resulted in no significant changes in Bcl-xl, Bax, Bad, and Bid. Furthermore, Gli-1 siRNA increased the cytotoxic effect of 5-Fu on Huh7 cell. CONCLUSION： Down-regulation of Bcl-2 plays an important role in apoptosis induced by Gli-1 siRNA in HCC cells. Combination Gli-1 siRNA with chemotherapeutic drug could represent a more promising strategy against HCC. The effects of the strategies need further investigation in vivo and may have potential clinical application.
基金A Research Grant of Merck Pharma GmbH,Darmstadt,Germany,to the University Clinic of Mainz
文摘AIM： TO explore the role of Bcl-XL and Myeloid cell leukaemia （Mcl）-I for the apoptosis resistance of colorectal carcinoma （CRC） cells towards current treatment modalities. METHODS： Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in CRC cell lines as well as human CRC tissue by Western blot, quantitative PCRand immunohistochemistry. Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 protein expression was knocked down or increased in CRC cell lines by applying specific siRNAs or expression plasmids, respectively. After modulation of protein expression, CRC cells were treated with chemotherapeutic agents, an antagonistic epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR1） antibody, an EGFR1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or with the death receptor ligand TRAIL. Apoptosis induction and cell viability were analyzed. RESULTS： Here we show that in human CRC tissue and various CRC cell lines both Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 are expressed. Bcl-xL expression was higher in CRC tissue than in surrounding non-malignant tissue, both on protein and mRNA level. Mcl-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in malignant tissues. However, protein expression was slightly higher. Viability rates of CRC cells were significantly decreased after knock down of Bcl-xL expression, and, to a lower extent, after knock down of Mcl-1 expression. Furthermore, cells with reduced Bcl-xL or Mcl-1 expression was more sensitive towards oxaliplatinand irinotecan-induced apoptosis, and in the case of Bcl-xL also towards 5-FU-induced apoptosis. On the other hand, upregulation of Bcl-xL by transfection of an expression plasmid decreased chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis. EGF treatment clearly induced Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression in CRC cells. Apoptosis induction upon EGFR1 blockage by cetuximab or PD168393 was increased by inhibiting Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL expression. More strikingly, CD95- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis was increased by Bcl-xL knock down. CONCLUSION： Our data suggest that Bcl-xL and, to a lower extent, Mcl-1, are important anti-apoptotic factors in CRC. Specific downregulation of Bcl-xL is a promising approach to sensitize CRC cells towards chemotherapy and targeted therapy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30871146 and No.81141049Shanxi Provincial Key Scientific Research Projects for the Returned Scholars,2012-4
文摘AIM: To investigate the role and mechanism of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBPrP1) in the development of liver fibrosis.
