ABHD17C represses apoptosis and pyroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Background:Alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 17C(ABHD17C)is a depalmitoylation enzyme that removes the S-palmitoylation of targeted proteins.The hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells SNU449 and Hep3B use ABHD17C as an oncogene;however,the exact mechanism of this action is yet unknown.Methods:The expression of ABHD17C in liver cancer tissues was analyzed by bioinformatics,and the expression of ABHD17C in clinical liver cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected.Then,the proliferative viability of HCC cells after overexpression or knockdown of ABHD17C was examined,and pyroptosis and apoptosis proteins were detected.Results:ABHD17C was overexpressed in human HCC tissues as well as numerous HCC cell lines.Depletion of ABHD17C caused reduced viability,cell cycle arrest,and defective invasion and migration in HCC cells,while overexpression of ABHD17C exhibited the opposite effect.Moreover,we discovered that the knockdown of ABHD17C resulted in enhanced apoptotic and pyroptotic phenotypes of HCC cells,whereas overexpression of ABHD17C attenuated such phenotypes.Conclusions:It suggests that ABHD17C contributes to HCC carcinogenesis,making it a promising target for medication treatment.

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase/reactive oxygen species pathway is involved in apoptosis and pyroptosis in epilepsy

Dysfunction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase contributes to neurotoxicity,which triggers cell death in various neuropathological diseases,including epilepsy.Studies have shown that inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity increases the epilepsy threshold,that is,has an anticonvulsant effect.However,the exact role and potential mechanism of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in seizures are still unclear.In this study,we performed RNA sequencing,functional enrichment analysis,and weighted gene coexpression network analysis of the hippocampus of tremor rats,a rat model of genetic epilepsy.We found damaged hippocampal mitochondria and abnormal succinate dehydrogenase level and Na+-K+-ATPase activity.In addition,we used a pilocarpine-induced N2a cell model to mimic epileptic injury.After application of neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole,changes in malondialdehyde,lactate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase,which are associated with oxidative stress,were reversed,and the increase in reactive oxygen species level was reversed by 7-nitroindazole or reactive oxygen species inhibitor N-acetylcysteine.Application of 7-nitroindazole or N-acetylcysteine downregulated the expression of caspase-3 and cytochrome c and reversed the apoptosis of epileptic cells.Furthermore,7-nitroindazole or N-acetylcysteine downregulated the abnormally high expression of NLRP3,gasdermin-D,interleukin-1βand interleukin-18.This indicated that 7-nitroindazole and N-acetylcysteine each reversed epileptic cell death.Taken together,our findings suggest that the neuronal nitric oxide synthase/reactive oxygen species pathway is involved in pyroptosis of epileptic cells,and inhibiting neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity or its induced oxidative stress may play a neuroprotective role in epilepsy.

Hyperglycemia-induced myocardial fibrosis may be associated with pyroptosis and apoptosis of cardiomyoctes in diabetic mice

Myocardial fibrosis is an important manifestation of diabetic cardiomyopathy.This study investigated the potential mechanism of diabetic myocardial fibrosis.Male C57BL/6J and db/db mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into the diabetic(DB)and control groups.At 20 weeks,the mouse heart was harvested and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE)and Masson staining to investigate the degree of fibrosis.The expressions of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1),collagen-III,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl2),Bcl2-associated X protein(Bax),cleaved gasdermin D(GSDMD),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor 3(NLRP3)were measured by western blotting.Immunohistochemistry and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining were performed to analyze the development of apoptosis and pyroptosis.A significant increase in body weight and blood glucose in the DB group was observed.Myocardial pathological injury,fibrosis,apoptosis,and pyroptosis were more obvious and serious in the DB group.The expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 significantly decreased,while the expression levels of pro-apoptotic Bax,caspase-3,and pyroptosis-related proteins,such as cleaved GSDMD,and caspase-1 in the DB group were significantly increased.Pyroptosis and apoptosis were probably the main mechanisms that caused myocardial fibrosis in mice with diabetes.

Heat exposure promotes apoptosis and pyroptosis in Sertoli cells

Heat stress is an important influence on the male reproductive organs.Therefore,the effects of heat stress on genes or pathways related to the reproductive system of male mice were experimentally explored in this paper to further determine the effects of heat stimulation on mammals.Herein,models of heat-exposed mouse testicular tissue and heatexcited cells were successfully established.Many scorched vesicles were found after heat excitation of testis supporting cells,testicular mesenchymal(TM4)cells.Western blot,in situ terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP Nick end labeling(TUNEL)and transmission electron microscopy showed that membrane rupture,mitochondrial damage and autophagic vesicles occurred in TM4 cells after thermal excitation.The N-segment fragment of the associated protein shear was increased,and the TUNEL result was positive.In conclusion,thermal excitation induced apoptosis and scorch death in TM4 cells.Thus,the Hippo pathway and apoptosis-related pathway were significantly enriched after heat stimulation in mouse testis,and the scorch death effect in TM4 cells was induced by heat excitation.

Do pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis) exist in cerebral ischemia? Evidence from cell and rodent studies

Some scholars have recently developed the concept of PANoptosis in the study of infectious diseases where pyroptosis,apoptosis and necroptosis act in consort in a multimeric protein complex,PANoptosome.This allows all the components of PANoptosis to be regulated simultaneously.PANoptosis provides a new way to study the regulation of cell death,in that different types of cell death may be regulated at the same time.To test whether PANoptosis exists in diseases other than infectious diseases,we chose cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury as the research model,collected articles researching cerebral ischemia/reperfusion from three major databases,obtained the original research data from these articles by bibliometrics,data mining and other methods,then integrated and analyzed these data.We selected papers that investigated at least two of the components of PANoptosis to check its occurrence in ischemia/reperfusion.In the cell model simulating ischemic brain injury,pyroptosis,apoptosis and necroptosis occur together and this phenomenon exists widely in different passage cell lines or primary neurons.Pyroptosis,apoptosis and necroptosis also occurred in rat and mouse models of ischemia/reperfusion injury.This confirms that PANoptosis is observed in ischemic brain injury and indicates that PANoptosis can be a target in the regulation of various central nervous system diseases.

Pyroptosis is a drug target for prevention of adverse cardiac remodeling: The crosstalk between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy

Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is one of the main reasons of cardiovascular disease-related death.The introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention to clinical practice dramatically decreased the mortality rate in AMI.Adverse cardiac remodeling is a serious problem in cardiology.An increase in the effectiveness of AMI treatment and prevention of adverse cardiac remodeling is difficult to achieve without understanding the mechanisms of reperfusion cardiac injury and cardiac remodeling.Inhibition of pyroptosis prevents the development of postinfarction and pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling,and mitigates cardiomyopathy induced by diabetes and metabolic syndrome.Therefore,it is reasonable to hypothesize that the pyroptosis inhibitors may find a role in clinical practice for treatment of AMI and prevention of cardiac remodeling,diabetes and metabolic syndrome-triggered cardiomyopathy.It was demonstrated that pyroptosis interacts closely with apoptosis and autophagy.Pyroptosis could be inhibited by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 inhibitors,caspase-1 inhibitors,microRNA,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensinⅡreceptor blockers,and traditional Chinese herbal medicines.

Necroptosis, pyroptosis and apoptosis: an intricate game of cell death

Cell death is a fundamental physiological process in all living organisms.Its roles extend from embryonic development,organ maintenance,and aging to the coordination of immune responses and autoimmunity.In recent years,our understanding of the mechanisms orchestrating cellular death and its consequences on immunity and homeostasis has increased substantially.Different modalities of what has become known as‘programmed cell death’have been described,and some key players in these processes have been identified.We have learned more about the intricacies that fine tune the activity of common players and ultimately shape the different types of cell death.These studies have highlighted the complex mechanisms tipping the balance between different cell fates.Here,we summarize the latest discoveries in the three most well understood modalities of cell death,namely,apoptosis,necroptosis,and pyroptosis,highlighting common and unique pathways and their effect on the surrounding cells and the organism as a whole.

Attenuation of Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Apoptosis and Pyroptosis in RSC96 Cells by Salvianolic Acid B

Objective:To determine whether salvianolic acid B(Sal B)exerts protective effects on diabetic peripheral neuropathy by attenuating apoptosis and pyroptosis.Methods:RSC96 cells were primarily cultured with DMEM(5.6 mmol/L glucose),hyperglycemia(HG,125 mmol/L glucose)and Sal B(0.1,1,and 10μmol/L).Cells proliferation was measured by 3-(4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dilphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry analysis.Western blot was performed to analyze the expressions of poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARR),cleaved-caspase 3,cleavedcaspase 9,Bcl-2,Bax,NLRP3,ASC,and interleukin(IL)-1β.Results:Treatment with HG at a concentration of125 mmol/L attenuated cellular proliferation,while Sal B alleviated this injury(P<0.05).In addition,Sal B inhibited HG-induced ROS production and apoptosis rate(P<0.05).Furthermore,treatment with Sal B down-regulated HG-induced PARP,cleaved-caspase 3,cleaved-caspase 9,Bax,NLRP3,ASC,and IL-1βexpression,but mitigated HG-mediated down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression(P<0.05).Conclusion:Sal B may protect RSC96 cells against HG-induced cellular injury via the inhibition of apoptosis and pyroptosis activated by ROS.

Molecular mechanism and therapeutic targeting of necrosis,apoptosis,pyroptosis,and autophagy in cardiovascular disease

Cell death occurs in various tissues and organs in the body.It is a physiological or pathological process that has different effects.It is of great significance in maintaining the morphological function of cells and clearing abnormal cells.Pyroptosis,apoptosis,and necrosis are all modes of cell death that have been studied extensively by many experts and scholars,including studies on their effects on the liver,kidney,the heart,other organs,and even the whole body.The heart,as the most important organ of the body,should be a particular focus.This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the various cell death modes and the relationship between the various mechanisms and heart diseases.The current research status for heart therapy is discussed from the perspective of pathogenesis.

Disulfiram, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, works as a potent drug against sepsis and cancer via NETosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis

Regulated cell death(RCD)is essential for maintaining cell homeostasis and preventing diseases.Besides classical apoptosis,several novel nonapoptotic forms of RCD including NETosis,pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and cuproptosis have been reported and are increasingly being implicated in various cancers and inflammation.Disulfiram(DSF),an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor,has been used clinically for decades as an anti-alcoholic drug.New studies have shown that DSF possesses potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects by regulating these new types of RCD.Here,we summarize the mechanisms and discuss the potential application of DSF in the treatment of cancers and inflammatory diseases.

GSDME maintains hematopoietic stem cells by balancing pyroptosis and apoptosis

GSDME contains a pore-forming domain at its N-terminal region to execute pyroptosis.Our previous study has reported that forced expression of Gsdme impairs the reconstitution capacity of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs).While,how GSDME-mediated pyroptosis regulates HSCs remains unknown.Here,we show that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are capable to undergo pyroptosis in response to cisplatin treatment and GSDME is one of the genes mediating such process.Gsdme^(-/-)mice revealed no difference in the steady state of blood system while Gsdme^(-/-)HSCs exhibited compromised reconstitution capacity due to increased apoptosis.Briefly,this study reveals that GSDME modulates HSC function by coordinating pyroptosis and apoptosis.

Obstructive sleep apnea aggravates neuroinflammation and pyroptosis in early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage via ASC/HIF-1α pathway

Obstructive sleep apnea can worsen the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Howeve r,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the endovascular perforation method and exposed the mice to intermittent hypoxia for 8 hours daily for 2 consecutive days to simulate sleep apnea.We found that sleep apnea aggravated brain edema,increased hippocampal neuron apoptosis,and worsened neurological function in this mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Then,we established an in vitro HT-22 cell model of hemin-induced subarachnoid hemorrhage/intermittent hypoxia and found that the cells died,and lactate dehydrogenase release increased,after 48 hours.We further investigated the underlying mechanism and found that sleep apnea increased the expression of hippocampal neuroinflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-18,inte rleukin-6,nuclear factorκB,pyro ptosis-related protein caspase-1,pro-caspase-1,and NLRP3,promoted the prolife ration of astrocytes,and increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,which are the key proteins in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD signaling pathway.We also found that knockdown of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αexpression in vitro greatly reduced the damage to HY22 cells.These findings suggest that sleep apnea aggravates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by aggravating neuroinflammation and pyroptosis,at least in part through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD signaling pathway.

Pyroptosis:一种新的细胞死亡方式

Pyroptosis是一种不同于凋亡和坏死的新型细胞死亡途径,在多种疾病模型中发挥着重要作用。Pyroptosis是一种依赖caspase-1的炎性细胞死亡,在控制微生物感染方面发挥着重要作用。本文从Pyroptosis的发生机制,与凋亡和坏死不同的形态和生化特征,以及宿主细胞和病原体相互作用以调节Pyroptosis等方面进行综述。

Neuronal regulated cell death in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases:key pathways and therapeutic potentials

Regulated cell death(such as apoptosis,necroptosis,pyroptosis,autophagy,cuproptosis,ferroptosis,disulfidptosis)involves complex signaling pathways and molecular effectors,and has been proven to be an important regulatory mechanism for regulating neuronal aging and death.However,excessive activation of regulated cell death may lead to the progression of aging-related diseases.This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of seven forms of regulated cell death in age-related diseases.Notably,the newly identified ferroptosis and cuproptosis have been implicated in the risk of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases.These forms of cell death exacerbate disease progression by promoting inflammation,oxidative stress,and pathological protein aggregation.The review also provides an overview of key signaling pathways and crosstalk mechanisms among these regulated cell death forms,with a focus on ferroptosis,cuproptosis,and disulfidptosis.For instance,FDX1 directly induces cuproptosis by regulating copper ion valency and dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase aggregation,while copper mediates glutathione peroxidase 4 degradation,enhancing ferroptosis sensitivity.Additionally,inhibiting the Xc-transport system to prevent ferroptosis can increase disulfide formation and shift the NADP^(+)/NADPH ratio,transitioning ferroptosis to disulfidptosis.These insights help to uncover the potential connections among these novel regulated cell death forms and differentiate them from traditional regulated cell death mechanisms.In conclusion,identifying key targets and their crosstalk points among various regulated cell death pathways may aid in developing specific biomarkers to reverse the aging clock and treat age-related neurodegenerative conditions.

调节性细胞死亡在胃癌发生发展中的作用

胃癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率和死亡率在我国恶性肿瘤中均位居第3。调节性细胞死亡(regulated cell death,RCD)是由信号转导模块激活而引起的一种细胞死亡形式,与胃癌的进展和治疗密切相关。RCD包括多种形式,如凋亡、焦亡、铁死亡、铜死亡、自噬等。这些形式不仅在清除受损细胞中发挥作用,还在抑制胃癌扩散中扮演着重要角色。本文综述了不同RCD形式在胃癌发生发展中的作用,旨在为胃癌的新型诊疗方法提供参考。

Neuroprotective potential for mitigating ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage

Reperfusion following cerebral ischemia causes both structural and functional damage to brain tissue and could aggravate a patient's condition;this phenomenon is known as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Current studies have elucidated the neuroprotective role of the sirtuin protein family(Sirtuins)in modulating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.However,the potential of utilizing it as a novel intervention target to influence the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury requires additional exploration.In this review,the origin and research progress of Sirtuins are summarized,suggesting the involvement of Sirtuins in diverse mechanisms that affect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,including inflammation,oxidative stress,blood-brain barrier damage,apoptosis,pyroptosis,and autophagy.The therapeutic avenues related to Sirtuins that may improve the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were also investigated by modulating Sirtuins expression and affecting representative pathways,such as nuclear factor-kappa B signaling,oxidative stress mediated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,and the forkhead box O.This review also summarizes the potential of endogenous substances,such as RNA and hormones,drugs,dietary supplements,and emerging therapies that regulate Sirtuins expression.This review also reveals that regulating Sirtuins mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury when combined with other risk factors.While Sirtuins show promise as a potential target for the treatment of cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury,most recent studies are based on rodent models with circadian rhythms that are distinct from those of humans,potentially influencing the efficacy of Sirtuinstargeting drug therapies.Overall,this review provides new insights into the role of Sirtuins in the pathology and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

病毒感染与宿主抗感染免疫之间“博弈”——凋亡、坏死和焦亡分子机制

细胞死亡是宿主抗病毒感染免疫的重要组成部分,病毒感染可引起不同形式宿主细胞死亡,包括溶解性和非溶解性两种细胞死亡类型。这两种细胞死亡类型不仅能够消除病毒感染细胞,而且还能够利用炎症因子释放进一步促进宿主先天和适应性免疫进程。反之,病毒也发展出不同规避机制来抑制宿主细胞死亡进而促进自身感染。本文就病毒感染与宿主抗病毒感染免疫之间的“博弈”——凋亡、坏死和焦亡调控机制研究进展进行综述,旨在为深入理解病毒的分子致病机制以及开发新的抗病毒策略提供参考资料。

脂联素对动物细胞增殖和程序性死亡调控作用的研究进展

细胞是生命活动的基本单位,生命体通过协调细胞的增殖、分化、死亡调节机体正常的生理功能,维持内环境稳态。脂联素(adiponectin,ADPN)是一种具有多方面功能的脂肪因子,它在动物细胞代谢调节和维持细胞能量稳态方面发挥着重要作用。脂联素能够通过相关信号通路抑制细胞的异常增殖、分化和焦亡,双向调控细胞自噬,增强细胞自噬水平,阻止细胞发生异常自噬,并具有抗细胞凋亡作用。文章综述了脂联素及其受体的结构和生物学功能,回顾了脂联素对动物不同类型细胞增殖、凋亡、自噬、焦亡等事件的调控及机制方面的研究进展,以期为开展基于脂联素及其受体相关途径的动物抗衰老、抗炎症、抗癌变等研究提供新的方向和靶点。

不同类型程序性细胞死亡在牙周炎中的研究进展

牙菌斑是牙周炎的始动因子,而宿主免疫细胞的招募和多种炎症介质的产生导致了牙周组织损伤与破坏。程序性细胞死亡包括细胞凋亡、细胞坏死性凋亡、细胞自噬、细胞焦亡、细胞铁死亡、细胞铜死亡等,其在牙周炎发生发展过程中作用也不尽相同。该文总结了不同类型程序性细胞死亡在牙周炎中的作用特点和研究进展,以期为牙周炎的发病机制提供新的研究思路,并且为牙周炎的精准治疗提供更多参考。

基于调控足细胞程序性死亡的中药治疗膜性肾病药理机制研究进展

膜性肾病(membranous nephropathy,MN)是一种以上皮下免疫复合物沉积为典型病理特征的原发性肾小球疾病,其核心机制为免疫复合物沉积进而所造成的足细胞损伤。目前包括糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制药物或生物制剂在内的MN主流治疗方案,存在疗效个体差异较大、停药容易复发及不良反应多等局限性。近年来MN中的足细胞程序性死亡异常在疾病发生发展过程中的潜在作用越来越被重视。中医药对此相关的基础研究也大量展开。当前研究表明,中药单体、中药复方、中成药等可通过磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,AKT)信号通路、核因子E2相关因子(nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor,Nrf2)信号通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路、细胞核转录因子(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)信号通路、富含亮氨酸重复蛋白3(leucine-rich repetitive protein 3,NLRP3)/天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1(Caspase-1)信号通路等,调控包括足细胞自噬、调亡、焦亡、铁死亡等一系列细胞程序性死亡过程,进而缓解足细胞损伤,保护肾脏功能。本文从中药单体、中药复方和中成药的角度对干预相关靶点通路治疗MN有关文献进行总结,旨在为中医药抗MN的临床治疗、基础研究及靶向药物的研发提供一定的参考依据。