Exploring Nominalization in English Abstracts of Applied Linguistics Research Articles:A Comparative Study Between Chinese and International Journals

Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of abstracts from a macro perspective and often employed either outdated texts,such as those over a decade old,or papers written by authors with lower English academic writing proficiency as research material.In this study,we analyzed forty abstracts from leading journals in applied linguistics,evenly split between Chinese and international journals.It revealed that the use of nominalization in abstracts by Chinese and international scholars showed similarities due to the universal academic requirement for conciseness.However,due to cultural and educational differences,each group differed in their respective language choices and nominalization usage.By analyzing the application of nominalization in different cultural contexts,the results of our study offered practical suggestions for crafting abstracts that effectively convey information,thereby,contributing to the broader academic community.

A Study on the Utilization of Applied Linguistics in Contemporary English Teaching

In the context of globalization,the importance of teaching English as a common language in the world becomes increasingly apparent.Applied Linguistics belongs to one of the sub-disciplines of linguistics,which plays an important role in contemporary English teaching.The knowledge of applied linguistics can help students learn the grammar,semantics,vocabulary,writing,and other contents in English,deepen their knowledge and understanding of English,and enhance the effectiveness of English teaching.This paper mainly describes the important role played by English linguistics in English teaching and focuses on its utilization strategies in the hope of providing references on this topic.

A Study of English Grammar Teaching and Cultural Introduction from the Perspective of Applied Linguistics

Grammar teaching is the main content of university English teaching,and the quality of teaching will affect the effect of university talent cultivation.Based on the perspective of applied linguistics,it is crucial to use cultural introduction teaching for English grammar teaching.This paper will combine the basic concepts of applied linguistics and cultural introduction teaching,analyze the role of using the cultural introduction teaching method to innovate grammar teaching mode under the perspective of applied linguistics,and put forward a scientific English grammar teaching strategy with the goal of improving teaching quality.

Sine Cosine Optimization with Deep Learning-Based Applied Linguistics for Sentiment Analysis on COVID-19 Tweets

Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary domain which identifies,investigates,and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems.The new coronavirus disease,otherwise known as Coronavirus disease(COVID-19),has severely affected the everyday life of people all over the world.Specifically,since there is insufficient access to vaccines and no straight or reliable treatment for coronavirus infection,the country has initiated the appropriate preventive measures(like lockdown,physical separation,and masking)for combating this extremely transmittable disease.So,individuals spent more time on online social media platforms(i.e.,Twitter,Facebook,Instagram,LinkedIn,and Reddit)and expressed their thoughts and feelings about coronavirus infection.Twitter has become one of the popular social media platforms and allows anyone to post tweets.This study proposes a sine cosine optimization with bidirectional gated recurrent unit-based senti-ment analysis(SCOBGRU-SA)on COVID-19 tweets.The SCOBGRU-SA technique aimed to detect and classify the various sentiments in Twitter data during the COVID-19 pandemic.The SCOBGRU-SA technique follows data pre-processing and the Fast-Text word embedding process to accomplish this.Moreover,the BGRU model is utilized to recognise and classify sen-timents present in the tweets.Furthermore,the SCO algorithm is exploited for tuning the BGRU method’s hyperparameter,which helps attain improved classification performance.The experimental validation of the SCOBGRU-SA technique takes place using a benchmark dataset,and the results signify its promising performance compared to other DL models.

Improved Attentive Recurrent Network for Applied Linguistics-Based Offensive Speech Detection

Applied linguistics is one of the fields in the linguistics domain and deals with the practical applications of the language studies such as speech processing,language teaching,translation and speech therapy.The ever-growing Online Social Networks(OSNs)experience a vital issue to confront,i.e.,hate speech.Amongst the OSN-oriented security problems,the usage of offensive language is the most important threat that is prevalently found across the Internet.Based on the group targeted,the offensive language varies in terms of adult content,hate speech,racism,cyberbullying,abuse,trolling and profanity.Amongst these,hate speech is the most intimidating form of using offensive language in which the targeted groups or individuals are intimidated with the intent of creating harm,social chaos or violence.Machine Learning(ML)techniques have recently been applied to recognize hate speech-related content.The current research article introduces a Grasshopper Optimization with an Attentive Recurrent Network for Offensive Speech Detection(GOARN-OSD)model for social media.The GOARNOSD technique integrates the concepts of DL and metaheuristic algorithms for detecting hate speech.In the presented GOARN-OSD technique,the primary stage involves the data pre-processing and word embedding processes.Then,this study utilizes the Attentive Recurrent Network(ARN)model for hate speech recognition and classification.At last,the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm(GOA)is exploited as a hyperparameter optimizer to boost the performance of the hate speech recognition process.To depict the promising performance of the proposed GOARN-OSD method,a widespread experimental analysis was conducted.The comparison study outcomes demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed GOARN-OSD model over other state-of-the-art approaches.

Applied Linguistics with Mixed Leader Optimizer Based English Text Summarization Model

The term‘executed linguistics’corresponds to an interdisciplinary domain in which the solutions are identified and provided for real-time language-related problems.The exponential generation of text data on the Internet must be leveraged to gain knowledgeable insights.The extraction of meaningful insights from text data is crucial since it can provide value-added solutions for business organizations and end-users.The Automatic Text Summarization(ATS)process reduces the primary size of the text without losing any basic components of the data.The current study introduces an Applied Linguistics-based English Text Summarization using a Mixed Leader-Based Optimizer with Deep Learning(ALTS-MLODL)model.The presented ALTS-MLODL technique aims to summarize the text documents in the English language.To accomplish this objective,the proposed ALTS-MLODL technique pre-processes the input documents and primarily extracts a set of features.Next,the MLO algorithm is used for the effectual selection of the extracted features.For the text summarization process,the Cascaded Recurrent Neural Network(CRNN)model is exploited whereas the Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)is used as a hyperparameter optimizer.The exploitation of the MLO-based feature selection and the WOA-based hyper-parameter tuning enhanced the summarization results.To validate the perfor-mance of the ALTS-MLODL technique,numerous simulation analyses were conducted.The experimental results signify the superiority of the proposed ALTS-MLODL technique over other approaches.

English Cultural Introduction Teaching from the Perspective of Applied Linguistics

In the process of learning a language, the language communication from the perspective of applied linguistics cannot exist without certain cultural tendency. Practice proves that an appropriate introduction of the background culture having a certain relationship with language environment can enrich the knowledge structure of students, and effectively remove the obstacles in the process of English language communication, so that the cognitive ability is improved. In this paper, applied linguistics as well as the concept of cultural introduction teaching theory is briefly elaborated, and the necessities of cultural introduction teaching and the signiflcances of English cultural introduction teaching are analyzed, and also some rules necessary to follow in the introduction teaching of English culture are introduced, and then the implementation strategies are discussed, so as to provide a reference for a large number of educational workers.

Researches on the teaching based on the applied linguistics

Along with the development of the times and the innovation of the society, the history and cultures are also constantly inherited under the strike of the flow of the tide over the years, forming the centuries-old cultures. Of course, the heritage of any culture needs a carrier, and the history and culture is no exception. Language itself is a kind of tool for the information exchange, and the communication process of the language is also accompanied by the substitution of the culture. So it can be said it is not only the category of the information exchange, but should be expanded to the cultural heritage. With the continuous changes and development of the society, people focused more on the application in the learning of the language, so as to highlight the characteristics of different cultures through the applications in different aspects.

Directions in Applied Linguistics

近几年来,应用语言学得到了广泛的承认,有了长足的发展。但是,这门学科到底包括哪些领域,它的性质是什么?它是否可以作为一个独立的理论学科进行研究?

40 Years of Applied Linguistics: Investigating Content Areas, Research Methods, and Statistical Techniques

This review study was designed to map out the research trends through an intensive text analysis of 1,366 research articles （RAs） of applied linguistics during the past 40 years （from 1976 to 2015）. RAs were coded and analyzed by four analysts to identify their content of research, research methods, and statistical procedures. It was found that there has been an increase in the number and the average length of articles. The average length has been on the rise from 8.09 pages in 1976-1985 to 14.38 during 2006-2015. The extensive review of the RAs also revealed a broad range of themes that belonged to 34 research domains. SLA, Technology 8： Language Learning, Language Teaching Methodology, Language Testing, and Psycholinguistics were the most widely researched areas. The qualitative method with 33.97% was the dominant research method in the journals. Regarding the statistical techniques, it was illustrated that descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and t-test were the most commonly used procedures in the applied linguistic RAs.

A Contrastive Study of the Passive Voice in Journal Articles in Theoretical and Applied Linguistics

The passive voice is an important construction for packaging information. Many textbooks, style manuals or academic papers, however, offer different or even contradictory advice on the use of passives. Previous findings show that passives exhibit disciplinary variation, thus special treatment should be given to different disciplines. However, even within the same discipline, such as linguistics, there are different types of academic writing, namely theoretical articles versus empirical ones. To test whether a difference in the use of passives exists between these two sub-disciplines, the passives in articles sampled from Language and Applied Linguistics are counted and compared. The results show that applied linguistics articles demonstrate a significantly higher （Sig. = .000, p 〈 .001） occurrence of passives than theoretical ones.

Improved Fruitfly Optimization with Stacked Residual Deep Learning Based Email Classification

Applied linguistics means a wide range of actions which include addressing a few language-based problems or solving some language-based concerns.Emails stay in the leading positions for business as well as personal use.This popularity grabs the interest of individuals with malevolent inten-tions—phishing and spam email assaults.Email filtering mechanisms were developed incessantly to follow unwanted,malicious content advancement to protect the end-users.But prevailing solutions were focused on phishing email filtering and spam and whereas email labelling and analysis were not fully advanced.Thus,this study provides a solution related to email message body text automatic classification into phishing and email spam.This paper presents an Improved Fruitfly Optimization with Stacked Residual Recurrent Neural Network(IFFO-SRRNN)based on Applied Linguistics for Email Classification.The presented IFFO-SRRNN technique examines the intrinsic features of email for the identification of spam emails.At the preliminary level,the IFFO-SRRNN model follows the email pre-processing stage to make it compatible with further computation.Next,the SRRNN method can be useful in recognizing and classifying spam emails.As hyperparameters of the SRRNN model need to be effectually tuned,the IFFO algorithm can be utilized as a hyperparameter optimizer.To investigate the effectual email classification results of the IFFO-SRDL technique,a series of simulations were taken placed on public datasets,and the comparison outcomes highlight the enhancements of the IFFO-SRDL method over other recent approaches with an accuracy of 98.86%.

Critical Thinking in Language Learning and Teaching

This paper focuses on current theoretical research in second language education and on how the Language Awareness Approach, specifically, is key to successful second language teaching. LAA methodology gives students the tools and confidence to internalize the second language for the long term. Through the Language Awareness Approach, students become highly motivated self-learners, expertly analyzing the syntax of their native language as well as that of the second language. As students become more skilled in understanding how language works, they are able to internalize the new language and make it their own. Eventually, students do not have to ＂change the chip to the target language＂ when they walk through the classroom door.

Ethics and Its Relations With Education and Research

Brazilian studies in （Critical） Applied Linguistics＇ field have being carried out focusing on ethics. They focused on the relation between ethics and two main contexts： education and research. This paper aims at discussing what ethical procedures were taken in international studies. The data were collected at ERIC （Educational Resources Information Centre） database during the first semester of 2016. As analytical categories, we used the ethical procedures established by Brazilian Applied Linguists. The contribution is addressed to both BAL and International Applied Linguists once it offers an overview about a specific topic of research （viz., ethics）. As results, we observed that most of the topics presented by the Brazilian applied linguists were also covered by the research analyses. However, the social relevance was not reported properly by the data and that may be improved.

Study on the Strengths and Weaknesses of Task-Based Syllabus

In recent years,task-based learning is becoming increasingly popular forsecond language learners due to its emphasis on learners’communicative competence,compared with traditional PPP model which pays more attention on language and grammar.Thus,further exploration on task-based approach is necessary.By discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the syllabus,this paper aims to discover the teaching situations best-suited for this syllabus.

Appraisal of the Production-Oriented Approach： An Introduction

The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei Matsuda is Professor of English and Director of Second Language Writing at Arizona State University, the writed states. He responds to POA from the perspective of an expert researcher and teacher of L2 writing. Charlene Polio is Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of Linguistics ＆ Germanic, Slavic, Asian ＆ African Languages atMichigan State University, the writed states. She conceptualises POA as a useful method to address some issues in pre-service teacher development. Overall, the articles in this section are insightful and reader-friendly. They are not only useful for the development of POA in particular, but may also be valuable to a broad range of researchers as they touch upon pertaining issues, as well as emerging topics, in the field of applied linguistics. We therefore find it necessary to make them accessible to a wide readership.