Cholangiocarcinoma(CC)is the second most common primary liver tumour.High-quality guidelines are essential for effective patient stratification and individualised treatment.This study aimed to appraise the methodologi...Cholangiocarcinoma(CC)is the second most common primary liver tumour.High-quality guidelines are essential for effective patient stratification and individualised treatment.This study aimed to appraise the methodological quality of existing guidelines for the resection of CC using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research&Evaluation(AGREE II)instrument.A systematic search of the literature in Cochrane,PubMed,Google Scholar,and Embase was performed.Assessment of the clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)and consensuses was performed using the AGREE II instrument by four clinicians experienced in surgical practice and the AGREE II appraisal method.Literature searches identified 13 guidelines of highly variable quality according to the AGREE II criteria.The guidelines scored well in certain domains such as scope&purpose(median score across all guidelines;65%),clarity of presentation(76%),and editorial independence(56%).However,they scored poorly for applicability(13%),rigour of development(30%),and stakeholder involvement(39%).None of the 13 guidelines was recommended universally for use without modification.Overall,the methodological quality of guidelines on the surgical management of CC is poor.Future updates should address and modify shortcomings detected by the AGREE II instrument,thereby facilitating better patient stratification and individualised treatment strategies.展开更多
Purpose: To strictly evaluate the quality of guidelines on risk factors related to secondaryprevention of myocardial infarction (MI), and to summarize and analyze the relevantrecommendations, and to provide evidence-b...Purpose: To strictly evaluate the quality of guidelines on risk factors related to secondaryprevention of myocardial infarction (MI), and to summarize and analyze the relevantrecommendations, and to provide evidence-based support for medical staff to developinterventions related risk factors for MI patients. Methods: The professional guideline websitesand databases in English and Chinese were retrieved, and the references related guidelines weretraced to get the published guidelines. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation IIwas used to evaluate the methodological quality of the guidelines. Then the relevantrecommendations for MI were summarized and analyzed. Results: A total of 8 guidelines,including evidence-based guidelines and expert consensus were included in the initial review of2,099 articles, among which 2 from the UK, 1 from the US and 5 from China. The overallquality of the included guidelines is moderate. However, some guidelines score relatively lowin the dimensions of rigor of development, clarity of presentations and editorial independence.A total of 24 items were extracted, including three risk factors: blood pressure, blood sugar andblood lipid. The recommendations mainly cover the relevant target values of risk factors,providing evidence-based support for medical staff to control and guide the risk factors ofpatients with MI in three aspects, such as blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid, whichproviding the theory basis for self-monitoring. Conclusions: It is recommended that clinicalpractice on risk factors of MI should be based on best evidence and fully put the individualfactors into account.展开更多
Objective: To systematically review the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for ischemic stroke in Chinese medicine (CM) with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. Meth...Objective: To systematically review the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for ischemic stroke in Chinese medicine (CM) with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. Methods: CM CPGs for ischemic stroke were searched in 5 online databases and hand-searches in CPG- related handbooks published from January 1990 to December 2012. The CPGs were categorized into evidence based (EB) guideline, consensus based with no explicit consideration of evidence based (CB-EB) guideline and consensus based (CB) guideline according to the development method. Three reviewers independently appraised the CPGs based on AGREE II instrument, and compared the CPGs' recommendations on CM pattern classification and treatment. Results: Five CM CPGs for ischemic stroke were identified and included. Among them, one CPG was EB guideline, two were CB guidelines and two were CB-EB guidelines. The quality score of the EB guideline was higher than those of the CB-EB and CB guidelines. Five CM patterns in the CPGs were recommended in the EB CPG. The comprehensive protocol of integrative Chinese and Western medicine recommended in the EB CPG was mostly recommended for ischemic stroke in the CPGs. The recommendations varied based on the CM patterns. Conclusion: The quality of EB CPG was higher than those of CB and CB-EB CPGs in CM for ischemic stroke and integrative approaches were included in CPGs as major interventions.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To critically appraise the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines for headache produced over the last two decades, including those covering specific interventions using Traditional Chinese M...OBJECTIVE: To critically appraise the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines for headache produced over the last two decades, including those covering specific interventions using Traditional Chinese Medicine.METHODS: The guidelines on headache disorders were obtained by searching a number of databases, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang database, three guideline-related databases [Guideline-International Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and Medlive], and the records of organizations that develop guidelines. The publication date was limited to the period from January 1996 to June 2015. The search terms "headache", "headache disorders", "cephalalgia", "migraine", "tension-type headache", "practice guideline", "consensus ", "statement", "regulation", and "recommendation" were used in the "Me SH" and "Free-text" fields. The guidelines were independently appraised by four researchers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Ⅱ instrument.RESULTS: A total of 23 guidelines published between 1998 and 2014 were reviewed. The overall consistency of the four appraisers was good [interclass correlation coefficient 0.84; 95% confidence interval(CI) 0.82-0.86]. The mean(standard deviation) scores for scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity of presentation, applicability, and editorial independence were 52.1(18.0), 39.5(17.1), 33.4(21.0), 49.8(21.9),23.8(19.3), and 24.2(23.7). Only two guidelines were recommended, 12 were recommended with modification, and nine were not recommended.CONCLUSION: Physical Traditional Chinese Medicine therapies were recommended to treat headache. The overall quality of headache guidelines was low in China, but evidence-based guidelines are gradually becoming mainstream. Guideline developers should carefully consider, in particular,three domains: rigor of development, applicability,and editorial independence.展开更多
Objective:Clinical practice guidelines can improve healthcare processes and patient outcomes;however,the quality of these guidelines varies greatly in China.The aim of this study was to construct a comprehensive instr...Objective:Clinical practice guidelines can improve healthcare processes and patient outcomes;however,the quality of these guidelines varies greatly in China.The aim of this study was to construct a comprehensive instrument for the appraisal of clinical practice guidelines in China(AGREE-CHINA),and to validate its reliability as a tool for helping potential guideline users in assessing guideline quality.Methods:First,an interdisciplinary working group was established for developing the methods.They also created a checklist as a tool according to the Appraisal of Guidelines,Research and EvaluationⅡ(AGREEⅡ)standards,considering the particularity of Chinese clinical practice.Next,the first draft of AGREE-China was developed by vote,modification,preliminary trial,and crossverification.To ensure the objectivity,credibility,and reproducibility of the draft assessment,all of the checklists and standards were cross-reviewed fairly widely.Fin ally,AGREE-CHINA and AGREEⅡwere used to assess the Chinese guideli nes published in the past five years,and the results were compared.Results:The presented AGREE-CHINA covered five main checkpoints(science and rigor,effectiveness and safety,economy,usability and feasibility,and conflicts of interest)with each point divided into several more specific checkpoints.Definitions and rationales for each main checkpoint appear in the Appendix.The quality ratings based on the total scores of AGREE-China and AGREEⅡwere consistent(r=0.508,P=0.020).Compared with AGREEⅡ,the study showed a higher level of interraterreliability for AGREE-CHINA overall(ICC=0.957,P<0.001).The mean time required for AGREE-CHINA was less than that for AGREEⅡ:this was approximately 30 minutes for every assessment.User satisfaction was generally high.Conclusions:This paper has presented the first edition of the AGREE-CHINA appraisal tool for clinical guidelines.It is quick and easy to use;it assesses and performs well in comparison to AGREEⅡ.This first version of AGREE-CHINA will require further development and validation.展开更多
目的对国内外脑卒中临床管理指南进行质量评价和分析,以期为我国医护人员鉴别出高质量指南,提供临床参考。方法检索新西兰指南协作组(New Zealand Guidelines Group,NZGG)、英国国家医疗保健优化研究所(National Institute for Health a...目的对国内外脑卒中临床管理指南进行质量评价和分析,以期为我国医护人员鉴别出高质量指南,提供临床参考。方法检索新西兰指南协作组(New Zealand Guidelines Group,NZGG)、英国国家医疗保健优化研究所(National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,NICE)、苏格兰校际指南网络(Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,SIGN)、安大略注册护士协会(Registered Nurses’Association of Ontario,RNAO)、加拿大心脏与卒中基金会(Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada,HSFC)、医脉通、Pub Med、中国知网(CNKI)、万方(Wanfang)的国内外脑卒中临床管理文献,时间设定为2016年7月1日至2021年7月1日,依据指南方法学质量评价工具Ⅱ(appraisal of guideline research and evaluationⅡ,AGREEⅡ)进行文献质量评价。结果共检索文献1773篇,筛选后最终纳入12篇。AGREEⅡ的6个领域平均得分率从高到低依次为清晰性(86.80±12.43)%、范围和目的(80.69±9.31)%、编写独立性(70.13±29.45)%、参与人员(65.04±18.67)%、制定的严谨性(64.23±26.10)%、应用性(46.35±18.53)%。其中A级指南3篇,B级指南8篇,C级指南1篇。结论12篇指南整体质量尚可,推荐内容既有一致性又具多维性,但在方法学和应用上还有待加强。建议在制定指南时以此为鉴,严格遵循指南制定流程,开发出统一规范的脑卒中管理指南来指导我国医护人员的临床实践。展开更多
临床指南在医患临床决策和卫生政策制定时起着重要作用。在指南制定过程中由于方法学和制定策略的不足,导致指南的质量良莠不齐,因此,对指南进行研究和评价具有重要意义。2003年发表的第1版《临床指南研究与评价系统》(Appraisal of Gui...临床指南在医患临床决策和卫生政策制定时起着重要作用。在指南制定过程中由于方法学和制定策略的不足,导致指南的质量良莠不齐,因此,对指南进行研究和评价具有重要意义。2003年发表的第1版《临床指南研究与评价系统》(Appraisal of Guidelines for Researchand Evaluation,AGREE)对指南的质量保证和成功实施产生了重要作用,目前已得到广泛支持和认同。2009年,AGREE国际协作组织对2003版AGREE修正后制定出新的AGREE即AGREEⅡ。目前,AGREEⅡ已取代2003版AGREE,但国内尚没有AGREEⅡ的相关介绍。本文作者对AGREEⅡ作一介绍,以期其利于指南的研究和评价。展开更多
目的使用指南研究与评价工具Ⅱ(AGREEⅡ)评价儿童青少年维生素D(VD)临床实践指南(VD指南),反映目前儿童青少年补充VD的基本共识和存在的争议。方法制定VD指南的纳入标准和检索策略,检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国期刊全文数据库、万...目的使用指南研究与评价工具Ⅱ(AGREEⅡ)评价儿童青少年维生素D(VD)临床实践指南(VD指南),反映目前儿童青少年补充VD的基本共识和存在的争议。方法制定VD指南的纳入标准和检索策略,检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、美国国立指南文库(NGC)、指南国际网络(G-I-N)等相关指南数据库,按纳入标准纳入有关儿童青少年VD指南,提取和描述VD指南AGREEⅡ评价信息,使用AGREEⅡ评价纳入指南质量,使用组内相关系数(ICC)进行评价员间一致性检验。分析比较不同VD指南推荐内容的共识和差异。结果共纳入9篇VD指南,分别来自美国、中国、加拿大、法国、波兰和澳大利亚/新西兰。发表年度从2006至2012年。3篇为循证指南,其中2篇采用GRADE证据分级系统,1篇采用AHRQ证据分级系统;其余6篇为非循证指南。①指南质量经AGREEⅡ评分显示:6大领域的评分中,范围和目的、清晰性和应用性的总体平均得分均>50%,指南制定的参与人员、制定的严谨性和编辑的独立性有待加强(平均得分分别为48%、42%和28%);循证指南在指南的参与人员、制定的严谨性、编辑的独立性方面优于非循证指南。②总体归纳不同VD指南之间在推荐内容上有5个方面的主要差异。VD预防建议:各指南基本认同的是0~1岁婴儿400IU·d-1的VD缺乏预防量是安全的;VD治疗建议:美国(ES)指南推荐2000 IU·d-1(1~18岁),维持6周;阳光照射:美国和澳大利亚/新西兰的指南持不同推荐意见;VD2或VD3:不同指南推荐意见不同;25羟维生素D(25OHD)水平:各指南基本认同25OHD水平<30nmol·L-1时,佝偻病的患病率增加;孕妇及哺乳期妇女:各指南推荐这一人群要注意及时补充VD,或维持适宜的25OHD水平。结论①纳入VD指南整体质量仍有待提高。循证指南质量在指南的参与人员、制定的严谨性、编辑独立性方面优于非循证指南。②纳入VD指南推荐内容虽有一定的差异,但对于0~18岁人群400 IU·d-1的VD缺乏预防量被认为是安全的剂量。③中国VD指南推荐内容参考了国外高质量的指南,改编和制定国内高质量的指南迫在眉睫。展开更多
文摘Cholangiocarcinoma(CC)is the second most common primary liver tumour.High-quality guidelines are essential for effective patient stratification and individualised treatment.This study aimed to appraise the methodological quality of existing guidelines for the resection of CC using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research&Evaluation(AGREE II)instrument.A systematic search of the literature in Cochrane,PubMed,Google Scholar,and Embase was performed.Assessment of the clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)and consensuses was performed using the AGREE II instrument by four clinicians experienced in surgical practice and the AGREE II appraisal method.Literature searches identified 13 guidelines of highly variable quality according to the AGREE II criteria.The guidelines scored well in certain domains such as scope&purpose(median score across all guidelines;65%),clarity of presentation(76%),and editorial independence(56%).However,they scored poorly for applicability(13%),rigour of development(30%),and stakeholder involvement(39%).None of the 13 guidelines was recommended universally for use without modification.Overall,the methodological quality of guidelines on the surgical management of CC is poor.Future updates should address and modify shortcomings detected by the AGREE II instrument,thereby facilitating better patient stratification and individualised treatment strategies.
基金This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation (No. 81703936).
文摘Purpose: To strictly evaluate the quality of guidelines on risk factors related to secondaryprevention of myocardial infarction (MI), and to summarize and analyze the relevantrecommendations, and to provide evidence-based support for medical staff to developinterventions related risk factors for MI patients. Methods: The professional guideline websitesand databases in English and Chinese were retrieved, and the references related guidelines weretraced to get the published guidelines. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation IIwas used to evaluate the methodological quality of the guidelines. Then the relevantrecommendations for MI were summarized and analyzed. Results: A total of 8 guidelines,including evidence-based guidelines and expert consensus were included in the initial review of2,099 articles, among which 2 from the UK, 1 from the US and 5 from China. The overallquality of the included guidelines is moderate. However, some guidelines score relatively lowin the dimensions of rigor of development, clarity of presentations and editorial independence.A total of 24 items were extracted, including three risk factors: blood pressure, blood sugar andblood lipid. The recommendations mainly cover the relevant target values of risk factors,providing evidence-based support for medical staff to control and guide the risk factors ofpatients with MI in three aspects, such as blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid, whichproviding the theory basis for self-monitoring. Conclusions: It is recommended that clinicalpractice on risk factors of MI should be based on best evidence and fully put the individualfactors into account.
基金Supported by the projects from the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYS-2011[0032]-2)the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.Z0135,Z0260,and Z0221)the Hong Kong Hospital Authority
文摘Objective: To systematically review the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for ischemic stroke in Chinese medicine (CM) with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. Methods: CM CPGs for ischemic stroke were searched in 5 online databases and hand-searches in CPG- related handbooks published from January 1990 to December 2012. The CPGs were categorized into evidence based (EB) guideline, consensus based with no explicit consideration of evidence based (CB-EB) guideline and consensus based (CB) guideline according to the development method. Three reviewers independently appraised the CPGs based on AGREE II instrument, and compared the CPGs' recommendations on CM pattern classification and treatment. Results: Five CM CPGs for ischemic stroke were identified and included. Among them, one CPG was EB guideline, two were CB guidelines and two were CB-EB guidelines. The quality score of the EB guideline was higher than those of the CB-EB and CB guidelines. Five CM patterns in the CPGs were recommended in the EB CPG. The comprehensive protocol of integrative Chinese and Western medicine recommended in the EB CPG was mostly recommended for ischemic stroke in the CPGs. The recommendations varied based on the CM patterns. Conclusion: The quality of EB CPG was higher than those of CB and CB-EB CPGs in CM for ischemic stroke and integrative approaches were included in CPGs as major interventions.
基金Supported by the Special Research Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Hospital of Chinese Medicine(No.YN2015MS22)the Science planning project of Guangzhou(No.2014Y2-00040)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To critically appraise the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines for headache produced over the last two decades, including those covering specific interventions using Traditional Chinese Medicine.METHODS: The guidelines on headache disorders were obtained by searching a number of databases, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang database, three guideline-related databases [Guideline-International Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and Medlive], and the records of organizations that develop guidelines. The publication date was limited to the period from January 1996 to June 2015. The search terms "headache", "headache disorders", "cephalalgia", "migraine", "tension-type headache", "practice guideline", "consensus ", "statement", "regulation", and "recommendation" were used in the "Me SH" and "Free-text" fields. The guidelines were independently appraised by four researchers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Ⅱ instrument.RESULTS: A total of 23 guidelines published between 1998 and 2014 were reviewed. The overall consistency of the four appraisers was good [interclass correlation coefficient 0.84; 95% confidence interval(CI) 0.82-0.86]. The mean(standard deviation) scores for scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity of presentation, applicability, and editorial independence were 52.1(18.0), 39.5(17.1), 33.4(21.0), 49.8(21.9),23.8(19.3), and 24.2(23.7). Only two guidelines were recommended, 12 were recommended with modification, and nine were not recommended.CONCLUSION: Physical Traditional Chinese Medicine therapies were recommended to treat headache. The overall quality of headache guidelines was low in China, but evidence-based guidelines are gradually becoming mainstream. Guideline developers should carefully consider, in particular,three domains: rigor of development, applicability,and editorial independence.
基金This work was supported by the Entrusted Project of the Medical Management Center of the National Health and Family Planning Commission(2109901)Evidence-based public health and health economics of the fourth-round public health three-year action plan of Shanghai(15GWZK0901).
文摘Objective:Clinical practice guidelines can improve healthcare processes and patient outcomes;however,the quality of these guidelines varies greatly in China.The aim of this study was to construct a comprehensive instrument for the appraisal of clinical practice guidelines in China(AGREE-CHINA),and to validate its reliability as a tool for helping potential guideline users in assessing guideline quality.Methods:First,an interdisciplinary working group was established for developing the methods.They also created a checklist as a tool according to the Appraisal of Guidelines,Research and EvaluationⅡ(AGREEⅡ)standards,considering the particularity of Chinese clinical practice.Next,the first draft of AGREE-China was developed by vote,modification,preliminary trial,and crossverification.To ensure the objectivity,credibility,and reproducibility of the draft assessment,all of the checklists and standards were cross-reviewed fairly widely.Fin ally,AGREE-CHINA and AGREEⅡwere used to assess the Chinese guideli nes published in the past five years,and the results were compared.Results:The presented AGREE-CHINA covered five main checkpoints(science and rigor,effectiveness and safety,economy,usability and feasibility,and conflicts of interest)with each point divided into several more specific checkpoints.Definitions and rationales for each main checkpoint appear in the Appendix.The quality ratings based on the total scores of AGREE-China and AGREEⅡwere consistent(r=0.508,P=0.020).Compared with AGREEⅡ,the study showed a higher level of interraterreliability for AGREE-CHINA overall(ICC=0.957,P<0.001).The mean time required for AGREE-CHINA was less than that for AGREEⅡ:this was approximately 30 minutes for every assessment.User satisfaction was generally high.Conclusions:This paper has presented the first edition of the AGREE-CHINA appraisal tool for clinical guidelines.It is quick and easy to use;it assesses and performs well in comparison to AGREEⅡ.This first version of AGREE-CHINA will require further development and validation.
文摘目的对国内外脑卒中临床管理指南进行质量评价和分析,以期为我国医护人员鉴别出高质量指南,提供临床参考。方法检索新西兰指南协作组(New Zealand Guidelines Group,NZGG)、英国国家医疗保健优化研究所(National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,NICE)、苏格兰校际指南网络(Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,SIGN)、安大略注册护士协会(Registered Nurses’Association of Ontario,RNAO)、加拿大心脏与卒中基金会(Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada,HSFC)、医脉通、Pub Med、中国知网(CNKI)、万方(Wanfang)的国内外脑卒中临床管理文献,时间设定为2016年7月1日至2021年7月1日,依据指南方法学质量评价工具Ⅱ(appraisal of guideline research and evaluationⅡ,AGREEⅡ)进行文献质量评价。结果共检索文献1773篇,筛选后最终纳入12篇。AGREEⅡ的6个领域平均得分率从高到低依次为清晰性(86.80±12.43)%、范围和目的(80.69±9.31)%、编写独立性(70.13±29.45)%、参与人员(65.04±18.67)%、制定的严谨性(64.23±26.10)%、应用性(46.35±18.53)%。其中A级指南3篇,B级指南8篇,C级指南1篇。结论12篇指南整体质量尚可,推荐内容既有一致性又具多维性,但在方法学和应用上还有待加强。建议在制定指南时以此为鉴,严格遵循指南制定流程,开发出统一规范的脑卒中管理指南来指导我国医护人员的临床实践。
文摘临床指南在医患临床决策和卫生政策制定时起着重要作用。在指南制定过程中由于方法学和制定策略的不足,导致指南的质量良莠不齐,因此,对指南进行研究和评价具有重要意义。2003年发表的第1版《临床指南研究与评价系统》(Appraisal of Guidelines for Researchand Evaluation,AGREE)对指南的质量保证和成功实施产生了重要作用,目前已得到广泛支持和认同。2009年,AGREE国际协作组织对2003版AGREE修正后制定出新的AGREE即AGREEⅡ。目前,AGREEⅡ已取代2003版AGREE,但国内尚没有AGREEⅡ的相关介绍。本文作者对AGREEⅡ作一介绍,以期其利于指南的研究和评价。
文摘目的使用指南研究与评价工具Ⅱ(AGREEⅡ)评价儿童青少年维生素D(VD)临床实践指南(VD指南),反映目前儿童青少年补充VD的基本共识和存在的争议。方法制定VD指南的纳入标准和检索策略,检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、美国国立指南文库(NGC)、指南国际网络(G-I-N)等相关指南数据库,按纳入标准纳入有关儿童青少年VD指南,提取和描述VD指南AGREEⅡ评价信息,使用AGREEⅡ评价纳入指南质量,使用组内相关系数(ICC)进行评价员间一致性检验。分析比较不同VD指南推荐内容的共识和差异。结果共纳入9篇VD指南,分别来自美国、中国、加拿大、法国、波兰和澳大利亚/新西兰。发表年度从2006至2012年。3篇为循证指南,其中2篇采用GRADE证据分级系统,1篇采用AHRQ证据分级系统;其余6篇为非循证指南。①指南质量经AGREEⅡ评分显示:6大领域的评分中,范围和目的、清晰性和应用性的总体平均得分均>50%,指南制定的参与人员、制定的严谨性和编辑的独立性有待加强(平均得分分别为48%、42%和28%);循证指南在指南的参与人员、制定的严谨性、编辑的独立性方面优于非循证指南。②总体归纳不同VD指南之间在推荐内容上有5个方面的主要差异。VD预防建议:各指南基本认同的是0~1岁婴儿400IU·d-1的VD缺乏预防量是安全的;VD治疗建议:美国(ES)指南推荐2000 IU·d-1(1~18岁),维持6周;阳光照射:美国和澳大利亚/新西兰的指南持不同推荐意见;VD2或VD3:不同指南推荐意见不同;25羟维生素D(25OHD)水平:各指南基本认同25OHD水平<30nmol·L-1时,佝偻病的患病率增加;孕妇及哺乳期妇女:各指南推荐这一人群要注意及时补充VD,或维持适宜的25OHD水平。结论①纳入VD指南整体质量仍有待提高。循证指南质量在指南的参与人员、制定的严谨性、编辑独立性方面优于非循证指南。②纳入VD指南推荐内容虽有一定的差异,但对于0~18岁人群400 IU·d-1的VD缺乏预防量被认为是安全的剂量。③中国VD指南推荐内容参考了国外高质量的指南,改编和制定国内高质量的指南迫在眉睫。