The film review is a kind of discourse which analyses and makes comments on the film's director, actors, plots and so on, aiming to analyse, appreciate, and judge the aesthetic value, cognitive value and social me...The film review is a kind of discourse which analyses and makes comments on the film's director, actors, plots and so on, aiming to analyse, appreciate, and judge the aesthetic value, cognitive value and social meanings, further have impact on the audience's comprehension and appreciation for the film. This paper attempts to examine attitude resources of film review under the framework of appraisal theory. It can be concluded from the case study that there are abundant attitude resources in the film review but film reviewers prefer to employ resources of appreciation so that their reviews are more persuasive and convincing.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to review previous works on the performance appraisal of Nigerian government-owned refineries. The review has been done in a general sense, covering appraisal works by engineers, scientists, m...The aim of this paper is to review previous works on the performance appraisal of Nigerian government-owned refineries. The review has been done in a general sense, covering appraisal works by engineers, scientists, management experts, economists, sociologists and even historians. The outcome indicates that while there seems to be several works directly and/or indirectly assessing the performance of the refineries in a general sense, there is a dearth of such in the specific area of energy consumption. There also appears to be no single one appraising energy utilisation of all the refineries at the same time in the open literature. This is in spite of the fact that refining processes are energy intensive. Despite popularisation of exergy analysis as a veritable tool, the only energy utilisation appraisal within our reach which was carried out on just one of the refineries has not been done exergetically. However, the work still reveals, within the limitations of 1st Law energy analysis that the energy consumption patterns are below international benchmarks in the oil and gas industry. Some suggestions have also been offered to take care of the energy efficiency challenges in these refineries. These include plant to plant analyses of energy utilisation patterns in the four refineries, periodical determination of GHG emission levels in the refineries using current international best practices as benchmarks, use of exergy analysis to check avoidable energy wastage in the refining processes, shifting refinery fuelling pattern in favour of low carbon content fuels like natural gas and ensuring regular turnaround maintenance of the system.展开更多
Preliminary Review The first step in manuscript evaluation is a general examination by the editorial staff if the submitted manuscript falls in the scope of the journal concerning subject scope,archival editorial styl...Preliminary Review The first step in manuscript evaluation is a general examination by the editorial staff if the submitted manuscript falls in the scope of the journal concerning subject scope,archival editorial style,organization of materials,topical importance,timeliness,relationship to prior publication,conciseness,appropriate references,English proficiency,and length.In the case of need,opinion from an editor-in-chief is referred.展开更多
Objective： To systematically review the clinical practice guidelines （CPGs） for ischemic stroke in Chinese medicine （CM） with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation （AGREE II） instrument. Meth...Objective： To systematically review the clinical practice guidelines （CPGs） for ischemic stroke in Chinese medicine （CM） with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation （AGREE II） instrument. Methods： CM CPGs for ischemic stroke were searched in 5 online databases and hand-searches in CPG- related handbooks published from January 1990 to December 2012. The CPGs were categorized into evidence based （EB） guideline, consensus based with no explicit consideration of evidence based （CB-EB） guideline and consensus based （CB） guideline according to the development method. Three reviewers independently appraised the CPGs based on AGREE II instrument, and compared the CPGs＇ recommendations on CM pattern classification and treatment. Results： Five CM CPGs for ischemic stroke were identified and included. Among them, one CPG was EB guideline, two were CB guidelines and two were CB-EB guidelines. The quality score of the EB guideline was higher than those of the CB-EB and CB guidelines. Five CM patterns in the CPGs were recommended in the EB CPG. The comprehensive protocol of integrative Chinese and Western medicine recommended in the EB CPG was mostly recommended for ischemic stroke in the CPGs. The recommendations varied based on the CM patterns. Conclusion： The quality of EB CPG was higher than those of CB and CB-EB CPGs in CM for ischemic stroke and integrative approaches were included in CPGs as major interventions.展开更多
目的系统评价脑卒中患者反刍性沉思影响因素的混合方法研究,为临床干预提供循证依据。方法采用混合研究系统评价设计,检索中国知网,万方,维普,中国生物医学文献数据库,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase和Scopus数据库中...目的系统评价脑卒中患者反刍性沉思影响因素的混合方法研究,为临床干预提供循证依据。方法采用混合研究系统评价设计,检索中国知网,万方,维普,中国生物医学文献数据库,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase和Scopus数据库中与脑卒中患者反刍性沉思影响因素相关的研究,检索年限为建库至2023年10月27日。采用加拿大麦克吉尔大学学者团队研制的混合方法评价工具评价所纳入文献的方法学质量,两名研究者采用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健研究中心提出的聚敛整合方法收集、分析和整合数据。结果共纳入22篇文献,合计4949例患者,提炼出45个研究主题,归纳组合成8个类别,最终整合出脑卒中患者反刍性沉思的影响因素包括患者个体因素、外部支持和应对策略3个方面。结论脑卒中患者反刍性沉思水平存在差异。个体因素影响患者的反刍性沉思水平,良好的人际关系、积极思考与积极应对方式可促进目的性反刍性沉思的形成,年龄、家庭收入和居住地对脑卒中患者反刍性沉思的作用机制仍需进一步探讨。展开更多
文摘The film review is a kind of discourse which analyses and makes comments on the film's director, actors, plots and so on, aiming to analyse, appreciate, and judge the aesthetic value, cognitive value and social meanings, further have impact on the audience's comprehension and appreciation for the film. This paper attempts to examine attitude resources of film review under the framework of appraisal theory. It can be concluded from the case study that there are abundant attitude resources in the film review but film reviewers prefer to employ resources of appreciation so that their reviews are more persuasive and convincing.
文摘The aim of this paper is to review previous works on the performance appraisal of Nigerian government-owned refineries. The review has been done in a general sense, covering appraisal works by engineers, scientists, management experts, economists, sociologists and even historians. The outcome indicates that while there seems to be several works directly and/or indirectly assessing the performance of the refineries in a general sense, there is a dearth of such in the specific area of energy consumption. There also appears to be no single one appraising energy utilisation of all the refineries at the same time in the open literature. This is in spite of the fact that refining processes are energy intensive. Despite popularisation of exergy analysis as a veritable tool, the only energy utilisation appraisal within our reach which was carried out on just one of the refineries has not been done exergetically. However, the work still reveals, within the limitations of 1st Law energy analysis that the energy consumption patterns are below international benchmarks in the oil and gas industry. Some suggestions have also been offered to take care of the energy efficiency challenges in these refineries. These include plant to plant analyses of energy utilisation patterns in the four refineries, periodical determination of GHG emission levels in the refineries using current international best practices as benchmarks, use of exergy analysis to check avoidable energy wastage in the refining processes, shifting refinery fuelling pattern in favour of low carbon content fuels like natural gas and ensuring regular turnaround maintenance of the system.
文摘Preliminary Review The first step in manuscript evaluation is a general examination by the editorial staff if the submitted manuscript falls in the scope of the journal concerning subject scope,archival editorial style,organization of materials,topical importance,timeliness,relationship to prior publication,conciseness,appropriate references,English proficiency,and length.In the case of need,opinion from an editor-in-chief is referred.
基金Supported by the projects from the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYS-2011[0032]-2)the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.Z0135,Z0260,and Z0221)the Hong Kong Hospital Authority
文摘Objective： To systematically review the clinical practice guidelines （CPGs） for ischemic stroke in Chinese medicine （CM） with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation （AGREE II） instrument. Methods： CM CPGs for ischemic stroke were searched in 5 online databases and hand-searches in CPG- related handbooks published from January 1990 to December 2012. The CPGs were categorized into evidence based （EB） guideline, consensus based with no explicit consideration of evidence based （CB-EB） guideline and consensus based （CB） guideline according to the development method. Three reviewers independently appraised the CPGs based on AGREE II instrument, and compared the CPGs＇ recommendations on CM pattern classification and treatment. Results： Five CM CPGs for ischemic stroke were identified and included. Among them, one CPG was EB guideline, two were CB guidelines and two were CB-EB guidelines. The quality score of the EB guideline was higher than those of the CB-EB and CB guidelines. Five CM patterns in the CPGs were recommended in the EB CPG. The comprehensive protocol of integrative Chinese and Western medicine recommended in the EB CPG was mostly recommended for ischemic stroke in the CPGs. The recommendations varied based on the CM patterns. Conclusion： The quality of EB CPG was higher than those of CB and CB-EB CPGs in CM for ischemic stroke and integrative approaches were included in CPGs as major interventions.
文摘目的系统评价脑卒中患者反刍性沉思影响因素的混合方法研究,为临床干预提供循证依据。方法采用混合研究系统评价设计,检索中国知网,万方,维普,中国生物医学文献数据库,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase和Scopus数据库中与脑卒中患者反刍性沉思影响因素相关的研究,检索年限为建库至2023年10月27日。采用加拿大麦克吉尔大学学者团队研制的混合方法评价工具评价所纳入文献的方法学质量,两名研究者采用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健研究中心提出的聚敛整合方法收集、分析和整合数据。结果共纳入22篇文献,合计4949例患者,提炼出45个研究主题,归纳组合成8个类别,最终整合出脑卒中患者反刍性沉思的影响因素包括患者个体因素、外部支持和应对策略3个方面。结论脑卒中患者反刍性沉思水平存在差异。个体因素影响患者的反刍性沉思水平,良好的人际关系、积极思考与积极应对方式可促进目的性反刍性沉思的形成,年龄、家庭收入和居住地对脑卒中患者反刍性沉思的作用机制仍需进一步探讨。
