三峡库区消落带植被NPP估算——基于机器学习优化CASA模型

三峡库区蓄水后,其生态效应受到广泛关注。消落带植被固碳量作为衡量库区生态系统健康状态的重要指标,对库区碳循环与生态净化具有重要意义。针对消落带不同高程植被接受光照的时间有所差异,且受河流水位变化影响,传统的CASA模型在计算消落带植被固碳量时,存在对植物的光能利用率计算不够精确等问题。以三峡库区香溪河陡坡消落带为研究区域,提出了一种耦合RBFNN模型(Radial Basis Function Neural Network)与CASA模型(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach)的新方法(RBF-CASA)。基于RBFNN建立环境影响因子模型,借助高程数据及植被指数等特征计算适合消落带区域的环境影响因子。结合CASA模型中温度和水分胁迫因子,提高植被在像元尺度上的净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP)的估算精度,并对反演结果进行验证。模型验证结果显示:RBF-CASA模型估算值与观测值的决定系数(Coefficient of determination,R^(2))为0.730(P<0.01,n=32)。对比原始CASA模型,平均绝对误差(Mean absolute error,MAE)降低10.991,均方根误差(Root mean square error,RMSE)降低了23.861,相对均方根误差(Relative root mean square error,RRMSE)降低5.10%,平均绝对百分误差(Mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)降低1.12%。使用提出的RBF-CASA模型在库区水位落干期(7—8月份)进行固碳量估算,结果表明:NPP月均值在66.234—134.144g C/m^(2)之间,NPP随着高程的增加呈现起伏变化,其总量在150—155m之间达到峰值,均值在170m以上区域最高。在2021年9月植被NPP均值为35.883g C/m^(2),2022年9月植被NPP均值为25.964g C/m^(2),由于降雨量减少、长江水位下降,在2021—2022年间植被恢复情况较差。研究结果可为库区碳循环、生态净化及生态修复等决策提供科学依据。

基于改进CASA模型的陕西省植被NPP遥感估算

[目的]探究陕西省陆地生态系统植被群落生产状况,分析陕西省植被NPP时空格局变化及影响因素,为准确评估陕西省陆地生态系统碳源/汇,实现区域生态可持续发展,达成碳中和目标提供参考依据。[方法]基于温度—植被干旱指数(Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index, TVDI)对CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型水分胁迫因子进行改进,从而估算陕西省2010—2020年植被NPP,并利用热点分析法、趋势分析法以及地理探测器对陕西省植被NPP进行空间分布格局、年际变化趋势和驱动因子研究。[结果](1)陕西省NPP空间分布呈现南高北低、冷热点区域差异明显的特征;(2)陕西省2010—2020年NPP平均值介于331.02~416.34 gC/(m^(2)·a),NPP均值在100~600 gC/(m^(2)·a)占比最大,最低值和最高值区间占比不足20%;(3)全省2010—2020年83.3%的面积植被NPP值无显著变化,4.2%的面积呈增加状态,12.5%的面积NPP值呈下降趋势;(4)降水是陕西省植被NPP变化的单因子主导驱动力,太阳辐射量及土地利用类型交互作用下对NPP变化解释力更强。[结论]基于TVDI改进的CASA模型能够有效量化区域植被NPP,且陕西省植被NPP南北分布差异明显,降水、土地利用类型及太阳辐射量是其主要影响因子。

安徽省植被净初级生产力估算--基于改进的CASA模型

定量估算植被净初级生产力(NPP)对预测陆地碳循环趋势具有重要意义,目前广泛应用于NPP估算的CASA模型其精度仍有待提高。在已有CASA模型优化的基础上,考虑最大光能利用率(LUEmax)的动态变化来改进CASA模型,对改进前后的模拟结果进行比较,并利用改进后的模型估算2001-2020年安徽省植被NPP。结论如下:(1)改进的CASA模型可应用于研究区的植被NPP估算,NPP模拟值与实测值之间的相关性达到显著水平(R^(2)=0.736,P<0.01)。(2)改进后模拟的安徽省植被NPP在空间表达上能够呈现更多细节,时间上较改进前在生长季NPP值更高,非生长季值更低,拉大了NPP的年内变化。(3)2001-2020年安徽省植被NPP整体呈波动上升趋势,多年平均值为547.61 gC m^(-2)a^(-1),年均增长量达2.18 gC m^(-2)a^(-1),2016-2020年间NPP增长最快。年内NPP具有明显的季节差异,表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季。(4)安徽省植被NPP具有较强的空间分异性,呈南北多、中间少的分布格局,高值区主要分布在皖南山区,皖西大别山区及部分淮北平原农作物区,低值区多分布在巢湖、长江沿线和淮河流域等植被覆盖密度较低区域。2001-2020年间安徽省植被NPP呈明显的上升趋势,上升面积占总面积的74.04%,大部分分布在地势平坦的淮北平原。

基于PIE-Engine云计算平台和CASA模型的植被NPP时空动态遥感监测:以道孚县为例

【目的】为深入了解道孚县的植被固碳水平以及其长期变化趋势,【方法】以MODIS数据、站点气象和土地覆盖等资料为基础,通过PIE-Engine遥感云计算平台建立了CASA模型,估算了2001—2016年道孚县陆地植被净初级生产力(NPP)。同时,结合Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、稳定性分析、分区统计和冷热点分析等手段,探讨了其时空分布和演变特征。【结果】结果显示:(1)基于PIE-Engine云平台模型和CASA模型估算的道孚县2001—2016年的NPP,其精度较高并与MODIS NPP数据有良好的拟合效果。(2)道孚县NPP呈持续上升趋势,其中中部和东南部NPP较高,东北部和中南部NPP较低,同时NPP的低值区正在逐年减少,反映出该地区生态状况正在逐渐改善。(3)所有乡镇的NPP在2001—2016年间均有增长,NPP的空间变化整体稳定,大部分地区NPP波动较小。(4)道孚县的NPP在2001—2016年间总体显著增长,增长区域面积占全县的93%以上。(5)高NPP值区域在空间上形成聚类,“热点”现象明显,这为进一步研究和理解NPP的空间分布和变化规律提供了依据。【结论】研究成果为道孚县的生态环境改善和持续发展提供了科学依据,并提出了一种基于云平台的快速、高效的区域植被NPP评估方法,这对于全面评估可持续发展目标和推动生态文明建设具有积极意义。

Complication rates after direct anterior vs posterior approach for hip hemiarthroplasty in elderly individuals with femoral neck fractures

BACKGROUND Dislocation rates after hemiarthroplasty reportedly vary from 1%to 17%.This serious complication is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates.Approaches to this surgery are still debated,with no consensus regarding the superiority of any single approach.AIM To compare early postoperative complications after implementing the direct anterior and posterior approaches(PL)for hip hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck fractures.METHODS This is a comparative,retrospective,single-center cohort study conducted at a university hospital.Between March 2008 and December 2018,273 patients(a total of 280 hips)underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasties(n=280)for displaced femoral neck fractures using either the PL(n=171)or the minimally invasive direct anterior approach(DAA)(n=109).The choice of approach was related to the surgeons’practices;the implant types were similar and unrelated to the approach.Dislocation rates and other complications were reviewed after a minimum followup of 6 mo.RESULTS Both treatment groups had similarly aged patients(mean age:82 years),sex ratios,patient body mass indexes,and patient comorbidities.Surgical data(surgery delay time,operative time,and blood loss volume)did not differ significantly between the groups.The 30 d mortality rate was higher in the PL group(9.9%)than in the DAA group(3.7%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.052).Among the one-month survivors,a significantly higher rate of dislocation was observed in the PL group(14/154;9.1%)than in the DAA group(0/105;0%)(P=0.002).Of the 14 patients with dislocation,8 underwent revision surgery for recurrent instability(posterior group),and one of them had 2 additional procedures due to a deep infection.The rate of other complications(e.g.,perioperative and early postoperative periprosthetic fractures and infection-related complications)did not differ significantly between the groups.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the DAA to bipolar hemiarthroplasty for patients with femoral neck fractures is associated with a lower dislocation rate(<1%)than the PL.

Exploring an eco-friendly approach to improve soil tensile behavior and cracking resistance

Soil tensile strength is a critical parameter governing the initiation and propagation of tensile cracking.This study proposes an eco-friendly approach to improve the tensile behavior and crack resistance of clayey soils.To validate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed approach,direct tensile tests were employed to determine the tensile strength of the compacted soil with different W-OH treatment concentrations and water contents.Desiccation tests were also performed to evaluate the effectiveness of W-OH treatment in enhancing soil tensile cracking resistance.During this period,the effects of W-OH treatment concentration and water content on tensile properties,soil suction and microstructure were investigated.The tensile tests reveal that W-OH treatment has a significant impact on the tensile strength and failure mode of the soil,which not only effectively enhances the tensile strength and failure displacement,but also changes the brittle failure behavior into a more ductile quasi-brittle failure behavior.The suction measurements and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests show that W-OH treatment can slightly reduce soil suction by affecting skeleton structure and increasing macropores.Combined with the microstructural analysis,it becomes evident that the significant improvement in soil tensile behavior through W-OH treatment is mainly attributed to the W-OH gel's ability to provide additional binding force for bridging and encapsulating the soil particles.Moreover,desiccation tests demonstrate that W-OH treatment can significantly reduce or even inhibit the formation of soil tensile cracking.With the increase of W-OH treatment concentration,the surface crack ratio and total crack length are significantly reduced.This study enhances a fundamental understanding of eco-polymer impacts on soil mechanical properties and provides valuable insight into their potential application for improving soil crack resistance.

基于CASA模型的常州市森林植被净初级生产力及碳汇估算

森林植被在碳循环过程中发挥着关键作用,其碳汇分析对于城市生态系统管理有重要意义。基于多种卫星遥感数据、林地分布以及气象资料,结合CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型,对2022年常州市森林碳汇进行模拟估算,综合分析其时空变化特征及驱动机制。结果表明:2022年常州市森林年度碳汇量总体达29.94万t,4—8月碳汇量较高;不同类型林地碳汇能力不同,乔木林碳汇能力较强,7月碳汇量最高可达80 gC/m2;气象因素对于森林碳汇具有相关影响,其中温度的影响要高于降水量。

依据CASA模型对石林县植被净生产力时空演变的评价

依据GEE平台和CASA模型,探讨了2000—2020年石林县石漠化及植被净初级生产力(NPP)的时空演变特征,分析石漠化类型面积变化导致的NPP的变化量。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年无石漠化面积增加8.39%,其他石漠化类型面积减少42.22%,空间上呈现“南重北轻,西重东轻”的分布特征。(2)NPP均值为740.48~973.55 g/(m^(2)·a),呈波动上升趋势,NPP变化趋势在空间上呈“南高北低”。(3)无、潜在、轻度、中度石漠化的面积变化是对NPP变化量影响较大的石漠化类型,石漠化类型面积变化促使NPP增长量为263.48×10^(9)g。

Laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy guided by indocyanine green fluorescence: A cranial-dorsal approach

BACKGROUND Advancements in laparoscopic technology and a deeper understanding of intra-hepatic anatomy have led to the establishment of more precise laparoscopic hepatectomy(LH)techniques.The indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence navi-gation technique has emerged as the most effective method for identifying hepatic regions,potentially overcoming the limitations of LH.While laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy(LLH)is a standardized procedure,there is a need for innova-tive strategies to enhance its outcomes.important anatomical markers,surgical skills,and ICG staining methods.METHODS Thirty-seven patients who underwent ICG fluorescence-guided LLH at Qujing Second People's Hospital between January 2019 and February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The cranial-dorsal approach was performed which involves dissecting the left hepatic vein cephalad,isolating the Arantius ligament,exposing the middle hepatic vein,and dissecting the parenchyma from the dorsal to the foot in order to complete the anatomical LLH.The surgical methods,as well as intra-and post-surgical data,were recorded and analyzed.Our hospital’s Medical Ethics Committee approved this study(Ethical review:2022-019-01).RESULTS Intraoperative blood loss during LLH was 335.68±99.869 mL and the rates of transfusion and conversion to laparotomy were 13.5%and 0%,respectively.The overall incidence of complications throughout the follow-up(median of 18 months;range 1-36 months)was 21.6%.No mortality or severe complications(level IV)were reported.CONCLUSION LLH has the potential to become a novel,standardized approach that can effectively,safely,and simply expose the middle hepatic vein and meet the requirements of precision surgery.

Which approach of total hip arthroplasty is the best efficacy and least complication?

BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty is as an effective intervention to relieve pain and improve hip function.Approaches of the hip have been exhaustively explored about pros and cons.The efficacy and the complications of hip approaches remains inconclusive.This study conducted an umbrella review to systematically appraise previous meta-analysis(MAs)including conventional posterior approach(PA),and minimally invasive surgeries as the lateral approach(LA),direct anterior approach(DAA),2-incisions method,mini-lateral approach and the newest technique direct superior approach(DSA)or supercapsular percutaneouslyassisted total hip(SuperPath).AIM To compare the efficacy and complications of hip approaches that have been published in all MAs and randomized controlled trials(RCTs).METHODS MAs were identified from MEDLINE and Scopus from inception until 2023.RCTs were then updated from the latest MA to September 2023.This study included studies which compared hip approaches and reported at least one outcome such as Harris Hip Score(HHS),dislocation,intra-operative fracture,wound compliData were independently selected,extracted and assessed by two reviewers.Network MA and cluster rank and surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)were estimated for treatment efficacy and safety.RESULTS Finally,twenty-eight MAs(40 RCTs),and 13 RCTs were retrieved.In total 47 RCTs were included for reanalysis.The results of corrected covered area showed high degree(13.80%).Among 47 RCTs,most of the studies were low risk of bias in part of random process and outcome reporting,while other domains were medium to high risk of bias.DAA significantly provided higher HHS at three months than PA[pooled unstandardized mean difference(USMD):3.49,95%confidence interval(CI):0.98,6.00 with SUCRA:85.9],followed by DSA/SuperPath(USMD:1.57,95%CI:-1.55,4.69 with SUCRA:57.6).All approaches had indifferent dislocation and intraoperative fracture rates.SUCRA comparing early functional outcome and composite complications(dislocation,intra-operative fracture,wound complication,and nerve injury)found DAA was the best approach followed by DSA/SuperPath.CONCLUSION DSA/SuperPath had better earlier functional outcome than PA,but still could not overcome the result of DAA.This technique might be the other preferred option with acceptable complications.

Minimalistic approach to left atrial appendage occlusion guided by cardiac computed tomography angiography

OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility and safety of the minimalistic approach to left atrial appendage occlusion(LAAO) guided by cardiac computed tomography angiography(CCTA).METHODS Ninety consecutive patients who underwent LAAO, with or without CCTA-guided, were matched(1:2). Each step of the LAAO procedure in the computed tomography(CT) guidance group(CT group) was directed by preprocedural CT planning. In the control group, LAAO was performed using the standard method. All patients were followed up for 12 months, and device surveillance was conducted using CCTA.RESULTS A total of 90 patients were included in the analysis, with 30 patients in the CT group and 60 matched patients in the control group. All patients were successfully implanted with Watchman devices. The mean ages for the CT group and the control group were 70.0 ± 9.4 years and 68.4 ± 11.9 years(P = 0.52), respectively. The procedure duration(45.6 ± 10.7 min vs. 58.8 ± 13.0 min,P < 0.001) and hospital stay(7.5 ± 2.4 day vs. 9.6 ± 2.8 day, P = 0.001) in the CT group was significantly shorter compared to the control group. However, the total radiation dose was higher in the CT group compared to the control group(904.9 ± 348.0 m Gy vs.711.9 ± 211.2 m Gy, P = 0.002). There were no significant differences in periprocedural pericardial effusion(3.3% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.8) between the two groups. The rate of postprocedural adverse events(13.3% vs. 18.3%, P = 0.55) were comparable between both groups at 12 months follow-up.CONCLUSIONS CCTA is capable of detailed LAAO procedure planning. Minimalistic LAAO with preprocedural CCTA planning was feasible and safe, with shortened procedure time and acceptable increased radiation and contras consumption. For patients with contraindications to general anesthesia and/or transesophageal echocardiography, this promising method may be an alternative to conventional LAAO.

Virtual source approach for maximizing resolution in high-penetration gamma-ray imaging

High-energy gamma-ray radiography has exceptional penetration ability and has become an indispensable nondestructive testing(NDT)tool in various fields.For high-energy photons,point projection radiography is almost the only feasible imaging method,and its spatial resolution is primarily constrained by the size of the gamma-ray source.In conventional industrial applications,gamma-ray sources are commonly based on electron beams driven by accelerators,utilizing the process of bremsstrahlung radiation.The size of the gamma-ray source is dependent on the dimensional characteristics of the electron beam.Extensive research has been conducted on various advanced accelerator technologies that have the potential to greatly improve spatial resolution in NDT.In our investigation of laser-driven gamma-ray sources,a spatial resolution of about 90μm is achieved when the areal density of the penetrated object is 120 g/cm^(2).A virtual source approach is proposed to optimize the size of the gamma-ray source used for imaging,with the aim of maximizing spatial resolution.In this virtual source approach,the gamma ray can be considered as being emitted from a virtual source within the convertor,where the equivalent gamma-ray source size in imaging is much smaller than the actual emission area.On the basis of Monte Carlo simulations,we derive a set of evaluation formulas for virtual source scale and gamma-ray emission angle.Under optimal conditions,the virtual source size can be as small as 15μm,which can significantly improve the spatial resolution of high-penetration imaging to less than 50μm.

基于改进CASA模型的福建省NPP时空演变特征及影响因子解析

植被净初级生产力(NPP)作为衡量陆地生态系统健康的重要指标,可直接反映区域环境发展状况和改善情况。本研究基于MODIS影像和气象数据,使用改进的光能利用率(CASA)模型实现了福建省2001—2015年NPP的准确估算,并采用趋势分析和地理探测器方法探究福建省NPP时空演变特征和变化影响机制。该研究结果为掌握福建省NPP时空变化特征和内在影响机制提供参考,也为把握福建省生态环境治理状况及改善情况提供科学依据。

Debate on direct-anterior vs posterior approach for hip hemiarthroplasty:The authors’insights

We read and discussed the study entitled“Complication rates after direct anterior vs posterior approach for Hip Hemiarthroplasty in elderly individuals with femoral neck fractures”with great interest.The authors have done justice to the topic of comparison of anterior and posterior surgical approaches for bipolar hemiarthroplasty which has been an everlasting debate in the existing literature.However,there are certain aspects of this study that need clarification from the authors.

Direct anterior compared to posterior approach for hip hemiarthroplasty following femoral neck fractures

The differences in complication rates between the direct anterior and posterior approaches for hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures are not yet fully understood.Dislocation,a severe complication associated with increased mortality and often requiring additional surgery,may occur less frequently with the direct anterior approach compared to the posterior approach.Careful consideration of patient demographics is essential when planning the surgical approach.Future research in this area should focus on robust randomized controlled trials involving elderly patients recovering from femoral neck fractures.

A FLEXIBLE OBJECTIVE-CONSTRAINT APPROACH AND A NEW ALGORITHM FOR CONSTRUCTING THE PARETO FRONT OF MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

In this article, a novel scalarization technique, called the improved objective-constraint approach, is introduced to find efficient solutions of a given multiobjective programming problem. The presented scalarized problem extends the objective-constraint problem. It is demonstrated that how adding variables to the scalarized problem, can lead to find conditions for (weakly, properly) Pareto optimal solutions. Applying the obtained necessary and sufficient conditions, two algorithms for generating the Pareto front approximation of bi-objective and three-objective programming problems are designed. These algorithms are easy to implement and can achieve an even approximation of (weakly, properly) Pareto optimal solutions. These algorithms can be generalized for optimization problems with more than three criterion functions, too. The effectiveness and capability of the algorithms are demonstrated in test problems.

A Deep Learning Based Broadcast Approach for Image Semantic Communication over Fading Channels

We consider an image semantic communication system in a time-varying fading Gaussian MIMO channel,with a finite number of channel states.A deep learning-aided broadcast approach scheme is proposed to benefit the adaptive semantic transmission in terms of different channel states.We combine the classic broadcast approach with the image transformer to implement this adaptive joint source and channel coding(JSCC)scheme.Specifically,we utilize the neural network(NN)to jointly optimize the hierarchical image compression and superposition code mapping within this scheme.The learned transformers and codebooks allow recovering of the image with an adaptive quality and low error rate at the receiver side,in each channel state.The simulation results exhibit our proposed scheme can dynamically adapt the coding to the current channel state and outperform some existing intelligent schemes with the fixed coding block.

Lychrel Numbers in Base 10: A Probabilistic Approach

For decades, Lychrel numbers have been studied on many bases. Their existence has been proven in base 2, 11 or 17. This paper presents a probabilistic proof of the existence of Lychrel number in base 10 and provides some properties which enable a mathematical extraction of new Lychrel numbers from existing ones. This probabilistic approach has the advantage of being extendable to other bases. The results show that palindromes can also be Lychrel numbers.

Probabilistic Analysis of Slope Using Finite Element Approach and Limit Equilibrium Approach around Amalpata Landslide of West Central, Nepal

The stability study of the ongoing and recurring Amalpata landslide in Baglung in Nepal’s Gandaki Province is presented in this research. The impacted slope is around 200 meters high, with two terraces that have different slope inclinations. The lower bench, located above the basement, consistently fails and sets others up for failure. The fluctuating water level of the slope, which travels down the slope masses, exacerbates the slide problem. The majority of these rocks are Amalpata landslide area experiences several structural disruptions. The area’s stability must be evaluated in order to prevent and control more harm from occurring to the nearby agricultural land and people living along the slope. The slopes’ failures increase the damages of house existing in nearby area and the erosion of the slope. Two modeling techniques the finite element approach and the limit equilibrium method were used to simulate the slope. The findings show that, in every case, the terrace above the basement is where the majority of the stress is concentrated, with a safety factor of near unity. Using probabilistic slope stability analysis, the failure probability was predicted to be between 98.90% and 100%.

“Instruction-Category” Approach of Test Suite Construction for Oven Embedded System

Being different from testing for popular GUI software, the “instruction-category” approach is proposed for testing embedded system. This approach is constructed by three steps including refining items, drawing instruction-brief and instruction-category, and constructing test suite. Consequently, this approach is adopted to test oven embedded system, and detail process is deeply discussed. As a result, the factual result indicates that the “instruction-category” approach can be effectively applied in embedded system testing as a black-box method for conformity testing.