In groundwater hydrology,aquitard heterogeneity is often less considered compared to aquifers,despite its significant impact on groundwater hydraulics and groundwater resources evaluation.A semi-analytical solution is...In groundwater hydrology,aquitard heterogeneity is often less considered compared to aquifers,despite its significant impact on groundwater hydraulics and groundwater resources evaluation.A semi-analytical solution is derived for pumping-induced well hydraulics and groundwater budget with consideration of vertical heterogeneity in aquitard hydraulic conductivity(K)and specific storage(S_(s)).The proposed new solution is innovative in its partitioning of the aquitard into multiple homogeneous sub-layers to enable consideration of various forms of vertically heterogeneous K or S_(s).Two scenarios of analytical investigations are explored:one is the presence of aquitard interlayers with distinct K or S_(s) values,a common field-scale occurrence;another is an exponentially depth-decaying aquitard S_(s),a regional-scale phenomenon supported by statistical analysis.Analytical investigations reveal that a low-K interlayer can significantly increase aquifer drawdown and enhance aquifer/aquitard depletion;a high-S_(s) interlayer can noticeably reduce aquifer drawdown and increase aquitard depletion.Locations of low-K or high-S_(s) interlayers also significantly impact well hydraulics and groundwater budget.In the context of an exponentially depth-decaying aquitard S_(s),a larger decay exponent can enhance aquifer drawdown.When using current models with a vertically homogeneous aquitard,half the sum of the geometric and harmonic means of exponentially depth-decaying aquitard S_(s) should be used to calculate aquitard depletion and unconfined aquifer leakage.展开更多
Land subsidence hazard,which is caused by drawing groundwater,has been a problem of the world.In order to control the development of land subsidence,exploited horizon of groundwater was adjusted from the shallow layer...Land subsidence hazard,which is caused by drawing groundwater,has been a problem of the world.In order to control the development of land subsidence,exploited horizon of groundwater was adjusted from the shallow layer to the deep layer in the past years.But the deformation mechanics study of the aquitard in different depth is not enough.There were essential distinctions between the shallow aquitard and the deep aquitard in engineering geology properties.The paper used the different depth aquitard of Tianjin city as an example to study the展开更多
The deformation and the drainage of the aquitard is the main concern in the North China Plain(NCP), and the water released from aquitard compaction may be a large portion of the exploited groundwater. The skeletal spe...The deformation and the drainage of the aquitard is the main concern in the North China Plain(NCP), and the water released from aquitard compaction may be a large portion of the exploited groundwater. The skeletal specific storage of aquitard is the element parameter to the drainage of aquitard, and the undisturbed core samples are the best choice for the measurement of the physical parameters. In this study, the consolidation test was employed to analyze the skeleton specific storage of the clay sample drilled from Hengshui City, and the contribution from the drainage of aquitard to the groundwater exploitation. The results suggest the consolidation test can be utilized to understand the skeletal specific storage of aquitard, which is about 3.92×10-4 m-1 in the Hengshui. The water-saturation content of the aquitard was less than 100%, and the amount of the drainage of the aquitard was about 69% of the volume of land subsidence. The water released from aquitard compaction was about 35% of the groundwater exploitation to the deep aquifers.展开更多
The record of paleo-environment in clayey aquitard pore water is much more effective relative to aquifer groundwater owing to the low permeability of clayey aquitard. Oxygen-18（18O）, deuterium（D）, and chemical pat...The record of paleo-environment in clayey aquitard pore water is much more effective relative to aquifer groundwater owing to the low permeability of clayey aquitard. Oxygen-18（18O）, deuterium（D）, and chemical patterns were determined in pore water samples extracted from two 500 m depth boreholes, G1 and G2, in western Bohai Bay, China. Shallow pore water samples（depth〈102 m） are saline water, with the TDS（total dissolved solids） of 3.69–30.75 g/L, and deeper ones（depth=102–500 m） are fresh water, with the TDS〈1 g/L. Content of major ions（i.e., Cl-, Na＋, K＋, Mg2＋, SO2-4, Ca2＋） is high in marine sediment pore water samples and gradually decrease towards to terrestrial sediment pore water, together with the Cl/Br and Sr/Ba ratios changing significantly in different sedimentary facies along the study profile, indicating that pore water may be paleo-sedimentary water and not replaced by modern water. δ18O profile and positive correlation between δ18O and Cl- of shallow saline pore water indicated diffusion as the main transport mechanism, and distinguished four transgressive layers since Late Quaternary（i.e., Holocene marine unit, two Late Pleistocene marine units and Middle Pleistocene marine unit）, further supporting the finding that pore water retained the feature of paleo-sedimentary water. Climate was identified as the main influence on the isotopic signature of aquitard pore water and four climate periods were determined by δ18O profile.展开更多
Aquifer-aquitard flow systems are widely distributed in river alluvial plains (for example, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China). Analysis of unsteady flow to a well in an aquifer-aquitard flow system is important for t...Aquifer-aquitard flow systems are widely distributed in river alluvial plains (for example, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China). Analysis of unsteady flow to a well in an aquifer-aquitard flow system is important for the evaluation of ground-water resources in shallow aquifers. Analytical solutions for unsteady flow to a well in an aquifer-aquitard flow system neglecting the delayed effect of gravity yield of phreatic layer are given in Ref. Because the upper layer of an aquifer-aquitard flow system (i. e. phreatic layer) is composed of fine particles, delayed effect of gravity yield exists in an aquifer-aquitard展开更多
The problem of the groundwater dynamics and water balance of a confined aquifer in the aquifer system has been solved in previous studies, whereas that in the aquitard adjacent to the confined aquifer has seldom been ...The problem of the groundwater dynamics and water balance of a confined aquifer in the aquifer system has been solved in previous studies, whereas that in the aquitard adjacent to the confined aquifer has seldom been considered. In reality, the groundwater dynamics of the aquitard are closely related to the exploitation of groundwater resources, groundwater contamination, underground storage utilization and land subsidence. In this paper, an analytical solution is derived to describe the drawdown variation in the aquitard when the head in the adjacent confined aquifer declines by a constant value. The characteristics of groundwater dynamics and water balance of the aquitard are analyzed using a dimensionless analytical solution. There is obvious delayed behavior in the response of groundwater dynamics in the aquitard, which is characterized by the delay index t0. The delayed behavior in the response of groundwater dynamics is not only dependent on the properties of the aquitard, but also proportional to the square of the thickness of the aquitard. The law of the delayed release of water is described in terms of the ratio of the delayed release of water. A water balance equation for the aquitard is established. Three stages of the water balance and the corresponding characteristics are presented with the water balance curves of the aquitard. The analytical solution is given to analyze the flux per unit horizontal area of the aquitard. The hydrogeological parameters of the aquitard, namely the hydraulic conductivity, specific storativity and hydraulic diffusivity, are estimated according to type-curve fitting between the analytical solution and observed flux. The parameters are identified and validated in an experiment.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1804301)the National Science Fourdation of China(Grant No.42272279,41902244)partial support from a Discovery Grant awarded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)。
文摘In groundwater hydrology,aquitard heterogeneity is often less considered compared to aquifers,despite its significant impact on groundwater hydraulics and groundwater resources evaluation.A semi-analytical solution is derived for pumping-induced well hydraulics and groundwater budget with consideration of vertical heterogeneity in aquitard hydraulic conductivity(K)and specific storage(S_(s)).The proposed new solution is innovative in its partitioning of the aquitard into multiple homogeneous sub-layers to enable consideration of various forms of vertically heterogeneous K or S_(s).Two scenarios of analytical investigations are explored:one is the presence of aquitard interlayers with distinct K or S_(s) values,a common field-scale occurrence;another is an exponentially depth-decaying aquitard S_(s),a regional-scale phenomenon supported by statistical analysis.Analytical investigations reveal that a low-K interlayer can significantly increase aquifer drawdown and enhance aquifer/aquitard depletion;a high-S_(s) interlayer can noticeably reduce aquifer drawdown and increase aquitard depletion.Locations of low-K or high-S_(s) interlayers also significantly impact well hydraulics and groundwater budget.In the context of an exponentially depth-decaying aquitard S_(s),a larger decay exponent can enhance aquifer drawdown.When using current models with a vertically homogeneous aquitard,half the sum of the geometric and harmonic means of exponentially depth-decaying aquitard S_(s) should be used to calculate aquitard depletion and unconfined aquifer leakage.
文摘Land subsidence hazard,which is caused by drawing groundwater,has been a problem of the world.In order to control the development of land subsidence,exploited horizon of groundwater was adjusted from the shallow layer to the deep layer in the past years.But the deformation mechanics study of the aquitard in different depth is not enough.There were essential distinctions between the shallow aquitard and the deep aquitard in engineering geology properties.The paper used the different depth aquitard of Tianjin city as an example to study the
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC grant No.41602268 and No.41702283)China Geological Survey Project(DD20160238,DD20160311)
文摘The deformation and the drainage of the aquitard is the main concern in the North China Plain(NCP), and the water released from aquitard compaction may be a large portion of the exploited groundwater. The skeletal specific storage of aquitard is the element parameter to the drainage of aquitard, and the undisturbed core samples are the best choice for the measurement of the physical parameters. In this study, the consolidation test was employed to analyze the skeleton specific storage of the clay sample drilled from Hengshui City, and the contribution from the drainage of aquitard to the groundwater exploitation. The results suggest the consolidation test can be utilized to understand the skeletal specific storage of aquitard, which is about 3.92×10-4 m-1 in the Hengshui. The water-saturation content of the aquitard was less than 100%, and the amount of the drainage of the aquitard was about 69% of the volume of land subsidence. The water released from aquitard compaction was about 35% of the groundwater exploitation to the deep aquifers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 41272258)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB428802)
文摘The record of paleo-environment in clayey aquitard pore water is much more effective relative to aquifer groundwater owing to the low permeability of clayey aquitard. Oxygen-18（18O）, deuterium（D）, and chemical patterns were determined in pore water samples extracted from two 500 m depth boreholes, G1 and G2, in western Bohai Bay, China. Shallow pore water samples（depth〈102 m） are saline water, with the TDS（total dissolved solids） of 3.69–30.75 g/L, and deeper ones（depth=102–500 m） are fresh water, with the TDS〈1 g/L. Content of major ions（i.e., Cl-, Na＋, K＋, Mg2＋, SO2-4, Ca2＋） is high in marine sediment pore water samples and gradually decrease towards to terrestrial sediment pore water, together with the Cl/Br and Sr/Ba ratios changing significantly in different sedimentary facies along the study profile, indicating that pore water may be paleo-sedimentary water and not replaced by modern water. δ18O profile and positive correlation between δ18O and Cl- of shallow saline pore water indicated diffusion as the main transport mechanism, and distinguished four transgressive layers since Late Quaternary（i.e., Holocene marine unit, two Late Pleistocene marine units and Middle Pleistocene marine unit）, further supporting the finding that pore water retained the feature of paleo-sedimentary water. Climate was identified as the main influence on the isotopic signature of aquitard pore water and four climate periods were determined by δ18O profile.
文摘Aquifer-aquitard flow systems are widely distributed in river alluvial plains (for example, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China). Analysis of unsteady flow to a well in an aquifer-aquitard flow system is important for the evaluation of ground-water resources in shallow aquifers. Analytical solutions for unsteady flow to a well in an aquifer-aquitard flow system neglecting the delayed effect of gravity yield of phreatic layer are given in Ref. Because the upper layer of an aquifer-aquitard flow system (i. e. phreatic layer) is composed of fine particles, delayed effect of gravity yield exists in an aquifer-aquitard
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41172204)
文摘The problem of the groundwater dynamics and water balance of a confined aquifer in the aquifer system has been solved in previous studies, whereas that in the aquitard adjacent to the confined aquifer has seldom been considered. In reality, the groundwater dynamics of the aquitard are closely related to the exploitation of groundwater resources, groundwater contamination, underground storage utilization and land subsidence. In this paper, an analytical solution is derived to describe the drawdown variation in the aquitard when the head in the adjacent confined aquifer declines by a constant value. The characteristics of groundwater dynamics and water balance of the aquitard are analyzed using a dimensionless analytical solution. There is obvious delayed behavior in the response of groundwater dynamics in the aquitard, which is characterized by the delay index t0. The delayed behavior in the response of groundwater dynamics is not only dependent on the properties of the aquitard, but also proportional to the square of the thickness of the aquitard. The law of the delayed release of water is described in terms of the ratio of the delayed release of water. A water balance equation for the aquitard is established. Three stages of the water balance and the corresponding characteristics are presented with the water balance curves of the aquitard. The analytical solution is given to analyze the flux per unit horizontal area of the aquitard. The hydrogeological parameters of the aquitard, namely the hydraulic conductivity, specific storativity and hydraulic diffusivity, are estimated according to type-curve fitting between the analytical solution and observed flux. The parameters are identified and validated in an experiment.
