The effect of the wave accessibility condition on the lower hybrid cm＇rent drive in the experimental advanced superconductor Tokamak （EAST） plasma with H-mode operation is studied. Based on a simplified model, a mo...The effect of the wave accessibility condition on the lower hybrid cm＇rent drive in the experimental advanced superconductor Tokamak （EAST） plasma with H-mode operation is studied. Based on a simplified model, a mode conversion layer of the lower hybrid wave between the fast wave branch and the slow wave branch is proved to exist in the plasma periphery for typical EAST H-mode parameters. Under the framework of the lower hybrid wave simulation code （LSC）, the wave ray trajectory and the associated current drive are calculated numerically. The results show that the wave accessibility condition plays an important role on the lower hybrid current drive in EAST plasma. For wave rays with parallel refractive index n｜｜= 2.1 or n｜｜ = 2.5 launched from the outside midplane, the wave rays may penetrate the core plasma due to the toroida] geometry effect, while numerous reflections of the wave ray trajectories in the plasma periphery occur. However, low current drive efficiency is obtained. Meanwhile, the wave accessibility condition is improved if a higher confined magnetic field is applied. The simulation results show that for plasma parameters under present EAST H-mode operation, a significant lower hybrid wave current drive could be obtained for the wave spectrum with peak value n｜｜ = 2.1 if a toroidal magnetic field BT =2.5 T is applied.展开更多
The transmission coefficients of electromagnetic （EM） waves due to a superconductor-dielectric superlattice are numerically calculated. Shift operator finite difference time domain （SO-FDTD） method is used in the ...The transmission coefficients of electromagnetic （EM） waves due to a superconductor-dielectric superlattice are numerically calculated. Shift operator finite difference time domain （SO-FDTD） method is used in the analysis. By using the SO-FDTD method, the transmission spectrum is obtained and its characteristics are investigated for different thicknesses of superconductor layers and dielectric layers, from which a stop band starting from zero frequency can be apparently observed. The relation between this low-frequency stop band and relative temperature, and also the London penetration depth at a superconductor temperature of zero degree are discussed, separately. The low-frequency stop band properties of superconductor-dielectric superlattice thus are well disclosed.展开更多
针对高温超导故障限流器(high temperature superconductor-fault current limiter,HTS-FCL)的全网优化配置问题,提出了一种基于免疫算法的高温超导故障限流器Pareto多目标优化配置新方法。该方法综合考虑了限流器的成本和限流效果这2...针对高温超导故障限流器(high temperature superconductor-fault current limiter,HTS-FCL)的全网优化配置问题,提出了一种基于免疫算法的高温超导故障限流器Pareto多目标优化配置新方法。该方法综合考虑了限流器的成本和限流效果这2个优化目标。首先介绍了HTS-FCL的基本结构和原理,分析了安装高温超导故障限流器对原系统自阻抗的影响,提出了一种基于短路电流变化率的灵敏度计算方法,该方法可以缩小搜索空间,提高算法效率。然后分别建立了限流器成本评价子函数、限流效果评价子函数和多目标评价函数,制定了基于免疫算法的多目标Pareto优化算法流程,并在传统免疫算法的基础上提出了一种改进型的等成本倒位算子,通过仿真验证表明该算子较常规的免疫算法,能更好地收敛到最优解。最后以IEEE 39标准节点系统为例,实现了HTS-FCL的全网优化配置,验证了新方法的有效性,并求得了在综合考虑限流器成本和限流效果下的Pareto最优解集,设计者可以根据自己的意愿和实际情况在所求得的Pareto最优解集中选择合适的最优方案。展开更多
In this paper we develop two conforming finite element methods for a fourth order bi-wave equation arising as a simplified Ginzburg-Landau-type model for d-wave superconductors in absence of applied magnetic field. Un...In this paper we develop two conforming finite element methods for a fourth order bi-wave equation arising as a simplified Ginzburg-Landau-type model for d-wave superconductors in absence of applied magnetic field. Unlike the biharmonic operator A2, the bi-wave operator □^2 is not an elliptic operator, so the energy space for the bi-wave equation is much larger than the energy space for the biharmonic equation. This then makes it possible to construct low order conforming finite elements for the bi-wave equation. However, the existence and construction of such finite elements strongly depends on the mesh. In the paper, we first characterize mesh conditions which allow and not allow construction of low order conforming finite elements for approximating the bi-wave equation. We then construct a cubic and a quartic conforming finite element. It is proved that both elements have the desired approximation properties, and give optimal order error estimates in the energy norm, suboptimal （and optimal in some cases） order error estimates in the H1 and L^2 norm. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to guage the efficiency of the proposed finite element methods and to validate the theoretical error bounds.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11347002the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China under Grant No 2013GB111000+2 种基金the Outstanding Youth Fund of Hunan Province Education Department of China under Grant No 12B107the JSPS-NRF-NSFC A3 Foresight Program in the field of Plasma Physics under Grant No 11261140328the National Research Foundation 2012K2A2A6000443
文摘The effect of the wave accessibility condition on the lower hybrid cm＇rent drive in the experimental advanced superconductor Tokamak （EAST） plasma with H-mode operation is studied. Based on a simplified model, a mode conversion layer of the lower hybrid wave between the fast wave branch and the slow wave branch is proved to exist in the plasma periphery for typical EAST H-mode parameters. Under the framework of the lower hybrid wave simulation code （LSC）, the wave ray trajectory and the associated current drive are calculated numerically. The results show that the wave accessibility condition plays an important role on the lower hybrid current drive in EAST plasma. For wave rays with parallel refractive index n｜｜= 2.1 or n｜｜ = 2.5 launched from the outside midplane, the wave rays may penetrate the core plasma due to the toroida] geometry effect, while numerous reflections of the wave ray trajectories in the plasma periphery occur. However, low current drive efficiency is obtained. Meanwhile, the wave accessibility condition is improved if a higher confined magnetic field is applied. The simulation results show that for plasma parameters under present EAST H-mode operation, a significant lower hybrid wave current drive could be obtained for the wave spectrum with peak value n｜｜ = 2.1 if a toroidal magnetic field BT =2.5 T is applied.
基金Project supported partly by the Open Research Program in State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves of China(Grant No.K200802)partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60971122)
文摘The transmission coefficients of electromagnetic （EM） waves due to a superconductor-dielectric superlattice are numerically calculated. Shift operator finite difference time domain （SO-FDTD） method is used in the analysis. By using the SO-FDTD method, the transmission spectrum is obtained and its characteristics are investigated for different thicknesses of superconductor layers and dielectric layers, from which a stop band starting from zero frequency can be apparently observed. The relation between this low-frequency stop band and relative temperature, and also the London penetration depth at a superconductor temperature of zero degree are discussed, separately. The low-frequency stop band properties of superconductor-dielectric superlattice thus are well disclosed.
文摘针对高温超导故障限流器(high temperature superconductor-fault current limiter,HTS-FCL)的全网优化配置问题,提出了一种基于免疫算法的高温超导故障限流器Pareto多目标优化配置新方法。该方法综合考虑了限流器的成本和限流效果这2个优化目标。首先介绍了HTS-FCL的基本结构和原理,分析了安装高温超导故障限流器对原系统自阻抗的影响,提出了一种基于短路电流变化率的灵敏度计算方法,该方法可以缩小搜索空间,提高算法效率。然后分别建立了限流器成本评价子函数、限流效果评价子函数和多目标评价函数,制定了基于免疫算法的多目标Pareto优化算法流程,并在传统免疫算法的基础上提出了一种改进型的等成本倒位算子,通过仿真验证表明该算子较常规的免疫算法,能更好地收敛到最优解。最后以IEEE 39标准节点系统为例,实现了HTS-FCL的全网优化配置,验证了新方法的有效性,并求得了在综合考虑限流器成本和限流效果下的Pareto最优解集,设计者可以根据自己的意愿和实际情况在所求得的Pareto最优解集中选择合适的最优方案。
基金partially supported by the NSF grant DMS-0710831
文摘In this paper we develop two conforming finite element methods for a fourth order bi-wave equation arising as a simplified Ginzburg-Landau-type model for d-wave superconductors in absence of applied magnetic field. Unlike the biharmonic operator A2, the bi-wave operator □^2 is not an elliptic operator, so the energy space for the bi-wave equation is much larger than the energy space for the biharmonic equation. This then makes it possible to construct low order conforming finite elements for the bi-wave equation. However, the existence and construction of such finite elements strongly depends on the mesh. In the paper, we first characterize mesh conditions which allow and not allow construction of low order conforming finite elements for approximating the bi-wave equation. We then construct a cubic and a quartic conforming finite element. It is proved that both elements have the desired approximation properties, and give optimal order error estimates in the energy norm, suboptimal （and optimal in some cases） order error estimates in the H1 and L^2 norm. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to guage the efficiency of the proposed finite element methods and to validate the theoretical error bounds.
