Arboviral encephalitis is a group of animal and human illness that is mostly caused by several distinct families of viruses including orthobunya virus, phlebovirus, flaviviruses, and the alphaviruses. Although specifi...Arboviral encephalitis is a group of animal and human illness that is mostly caused by several distinct families of viruses including orthobunya virus, phlebovirus, flaviviruses, and the alphaviruses. Although specific signs and symptoms vary by the type of central nervous system (CNS), initial signs and symptoms are very similar. Therefore rapid immunologic and molecular tools for differential diagnosis of arboviral encephalitis viruses are important for effective case management and control of the spread of encephalitis. The qRT-PCR assay, especially multiplex PCR, has the potential to produce considerable savings in time and resources in the laboratory detection. Meanwhile, the use of IC can prevent false negatives effectively by monitoring the processes of nucleic acid extraction and amplification. This report describes the development of a panel of internally controlled multiplex one-step real-time RT-PCR assays in which two virus specific-probe sets were used in the same reaction for the detection of 15 species arboviral encephalitis viruses: the comparative sensitivity of multiplex one-step qRT-PCR assays to single plex one-step qRT-PCR assays as well as one-step RT-PCR assays for detection of each viral species. And total of 150 human serum samples were detected to evaluate the multiplex one-step qRT-PCR assays. These multiplex one-step real-time RT-PCR assays with IC were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, precision, specificity, and also field samples including serum and vector. These assays can detect and differentiate arboviral encephalitis viruses by high throughput, sensitive, and specific way. It is useful for clinical management and outbreak control of arboviral encephalitis viruses and vector surveillance.展开更多
People who live in low-income and hard-to-reach regions are usually the most affected ones by high incidences of arboviral diseases,increasing morbidity and mortality rates,and public health costs.We present the model...People who live in low-income and hard-to-reach regions are usually the most affected ones by high incidences of arboviral diseases,increasing morbidity and mortality rates,and public health costs.We present the modeling of hardware and software components of an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)system by mathematical tools,focusing on monitoring foci of arboviral diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito,e.g.,Zika,Chikungunya,and Dengue.We used restriction equations and the colored Petri nets formal modeling language to represent the flight dynamics and the software components of the system,respectively.We evaluated the specification of desired behaviors of the monitoring system using simulations and the model checking technique.The results showed the completeness and correctness of the specification.The design of such a system is challenging due to the potential risks to people and the environment.Therefore,this study provides insights into the development of an UAV system for such an application scenario.The monitoring system has the potential of improving the efficiency in identifying foci of arboviral diseases.展开更多
Dengue fever(DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever(DHF) are important mosquito-borne viral diseases of humans and recognized as important emerging infectious diseases in the tropics and subtopics.Compared to nine reportin...Dengue fever(DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever(DHF) are important mosquito-borne viral diseases of humans and recognized as important emerging infectious diseases in the tropics and subtopics.Compared to nine reporting countries in the 1950s,today the geographic distribution includes more than 100 countries worldwide.Dengue viral infections are known to present a diverse clinical spectrum,ranging from asymptomatic illness to fatal dengue shock syndrome. Mild hepatic dysfunction in dengue haemorrhagic fever is usual.However,its presentation as acute liver failure(ALF) is unusual.We report a patient with dengue shock syndrome who presented with acute liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy in a recent outbreak of dengue fever in Delhi,India.展开更多
文摘Arboviral encephalitis is a group of animal and human illness that is mostly caused by several distinct families of viruses including orthobunya virus, phlebovirus, flaviviruses, and the alphaviruses. Although specific signs and symptoms vary by the type of central nervous system (CNS), initial signs and symptoms are very similar. Therefore rapid immunologic and molecular tools for differential diagnosis of arboviral encephalitis viruses are important for effective case management and control of the spread of encephalitis. The qRT-PCR assay, especially multiplex PCR, has the potential to produce considerable savings in time and resources in the laboratory detection. Meanwhile, the use of IC can prevent false negatives effectively by monitoring the processes of nucleic acid extraction and amplification. This report describes the development of a panel of internally controlled multiplex one-step real-time RT-PCR assays in which two virus specific-probe sets were used in the same reaction for the detection of 15 species arboviral encephalitis viruses: the comparative sensitivity of multiplex one-step qRT-PCR assays to single plex one-step qRT-PCR assays as well as one-step RT-PCR assays for detection of each viral species. And total of 150 human serum samples were detected to evaluate the multiplex one-step qRT-PCR assays. These multiplex one-step real-time RT-PCR assays with IC were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, precision, specificity, and also field samples including serum and vector. These assays can detect and differentiate arboviral encephalitis viruses by high throughput, sensitive, and specific way. It is useful for clinical management and outbreak control of arboviral encephalitis viruses and vector surveillance.
文摘People who live in low-income and hard-to-reach regions are usually the most affected ones by high incidences of arboviral diseases,increasing morbidity and mortality rates,and public health costs.We present the modeling of hardware and software components of an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)system by mathematical tools,focusing on monitoring foci of arboviral diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito,e.g.,Zika,Chikungunya,and Dengue.We used restriction equations and the colored Petri nets formal modeling language to represent the flight dynamics and the software components of the system,respectively.We evaluated the specification of desired behaviors of the monitoring system using simulations and the model checking technique.The results showed the completeness and correctness of the specification.The design of such a system is challenging due to the potential risks to people and the environment.Therefore,this study provides insights into the development of an UAV system for such an application scenario.The monitoring system has the potential of improving the efficiency in identifying foci of arboviral diseases.
文摘Dengue fever(DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever(DHF) are important mosquito-borne viral diseases of humans and recognized as important emerging infectious diseases in the tropics and subtopics.Compared to nine reporting countries in the 1950s,today the geographic distribution includes more than 100 countries worldwide.Dengue viral infections are known to present a diverse clinical spectrum,ranging from asymptomatic illness to fatal dengue shock syndrome. Mild hepatic dysfunction in dengue haemorrhagic fever is usual.However,its presentation as acute liver failure(ALF) is unusual.We report a patient with dengue shock syndrome who presented with acute liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy in a recent outbreak of dengue fever in Delhi,India.
